Molecular targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Systemic anticancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by intrinsic drug resistance and accompanying liver dysfunction. However, recent advances in molecular targeted therapy (MTT) have shed light on the treatment of advanced HCC. A recent randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that sorafenib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prolonged overall survival and time-to-progression in patients with advanced HCC. This breakthrough highlights the potential of MTT targeting hepatocarcinogenic pathways, such as the Raf/MAPK/ERK pathway, angiogenic pathways and the EGFR signaling pathway. This review discusses the current status and the potential of developing novel MTTs for advanced HCC.     

A newly recognized point mutation in the cytochrome b558 heavy chain gene replacing alanine57 by glutamic acid,in a patient with cytochrome b positive X-linked chronic granulomatous disease

Molecular genetic analysis was performed in a patient with cytochrome b positive X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. A previous Southern blot study, using a cytochrome b heavy chain cDNA as probe, revealed a Pst I restriction fragment pattern for the cytochrome b heavy chain gene (CYBB) different to that of normal individuals. Since restriction length polymorphism with Pst I has never been observed in control individuals and no abnormal restriction fragment patterns in the patient's CYBB was detected with seven other enzymes used, we focussed on the single Pst I site in the CYBB cDNA as being the only mutation site responsible for his disease. A fragment of the patient's cDNA which included the Pst I site was amplified by reverse polymerase chain reaction, and loss of the Pst I site in the fragment was confirmed by incubation with Pst I. Subsequent sequence analysis of the fragment revealed a point mutation in the Pst I site (cytosine to adenine), substituting glutamic acid for alanine at position 57.     

Rapid and simple isolation of DNA from agarose gels

Summary We present a simple method for the isolation of DNA from agarose gels that is economic, fast, and independent of electrical equipment. DNA fragments of up to 6 kb can be easily extracted within 5 min using a disposable plastic syringe and filter paper. Total extraction of DNA fragments between 10 and 20 kb in size is achieved by concentrating the DNA flushed from the gel in a DNA-binding column.     

rhTPO在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及生物活性分析

目的：探讨人促血小板生成素(human thromlbopoietin，hTPO)在大肠杆菌中表达、分离纯化及生物学活性初步鉴定。方法：利用RT-PCR法从人胎肝细胞中扩增目的基因片段，将其定向插入pQE30表达质粒T5启动子下游的多克隆区，转化大肠杆菌M15，得到pQE30-TPO的工程菌，诱导目的蛋白表达、纯化。将表达产物给血小板减少模型小鼠尾静脉注射，观察注射后不同时间血小板量的改变。结果：经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside IPTG)诱导培养，该工程菌可以产生单一特异性的高表达蛋白条带。将纯化后的表达蛋白注射小鼠，结果显示对实验性小鼠血小板减少症具有一定的治疗作用。结论：在大肠杆菌中成功地高效表达了重组hTPO，该产物具有促血小板生成的活性。     

应用电泳技术分析飞行员富含三酰甘油脂蛋白亚组分及其代谢特征

目的 分析富含三酰甘油脂蛋白(TRLs)分子组成及其代谢特征.方法应用脂蛋白电泳技术,对30例飞行员空腹和脂肪负荷餐后血浆做脂蛋白分析,以扫描图面积表示各亚组分构成,观察脂蛋白亚组分变化特点.结果 30例飞行员TRLs清除延迟发生率46.67%.TRLs分子脂蛋白亚组分由极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、中密度脂蛋白(IDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、乳糜微粒(CM)和脂蛋白a[LP(a)]组成.TRLs清除延迟典型扫描图特征为LDL左侧区面积增高,呈双峰或多峰.LDL、VLDL区面积增高,伴有高密度脂蛋白(HDL)面积降低.结论 高三酰甘油血症致动脉粥样硬化作用是在代谢水平异常所致的TRLs清除延迟,TRLs清除延迟是核心环节.     

妇科疾病中人乳头瘤病毒感染的分子流行病学调查

目的:探讨各种妇科疾病与人乳头瘤病毒感染的关系,建立不同妇科疾病和不同年龄段妇女人乳头瘤病毒感染的流行病学资料库。方法:应用反向点杂交技术分别对疾病组1 512例病人标本和正常组500例标本进行HPV检测,所得数据用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计分析。结果:正常组500例标本中,阳性标本101例,感染率为20.2%,疾病组1 512例标本中,阳性标本523例,感染率为34.6%,其中双重感染82例,占阳性标本的15.7%,多重感染34例,占阳性标本的6.5%,而高危感染340例,感染率为22.5%,占阳性标本的65.0%,其中单纯HPV16亚型感染155例,占所有阳性标本的29.6%;不同年龄段、不同性生活史、不同妇科疾病以及不同首次性生活年龄的HPV感染检出率都有显著性差异。结论:正常组和疾病组的HPV感染率有显著性差异(2χ=36.37,P<0.01)。在HPV感染的普查中可以有重点的选择高危人群,这样更加有针对性,从而大大降低普查成本。     

烧伤病区多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌DNA的脉冲场凝胶电泳分析

目的:了解烧伤病区铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)感染的分子流行病学特征。方法:采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型的方法,对15株分离自烧伤临床病人的多重耐药PA染色体组DNA进行分析。结果:15株检测菌株中有9株菌分别属于两种不同的PFGE图谱类型,具有同源性的菌株占测试菌株的60%。结论:导致我院烧伤患者感染多重耐药的PA中有同源性的比例较高,提示在烧伤救治中采取有针对性的措施,防止烧伤病房内的交叉感染对于降低烧伤感染率、提高烧伤救治水平具有重要意义。     

男性乳腺癌研究进展

男性乳腺癌是一种少见的恶性肿瘤。本文综述与男性乳腺癌相关的分子生物学特征(BRCA-1、BRCA-2、HER-2/new、p53 Bcl-2 p21waf1、p27kip1)、诊断、治疗。诊断主要依靠病理学;淋巴结转移是主要预后因素。治疗以手术为主,综合治疗有利于提高生存率。