辐照猪皮与金因肽联合在儿童烧伤创面治疗中的应用

目的：观察辐照猪皮与金因肽在儿童Ⅱ度烧伤治疗中的作用。方法：治疗组清创后应用辐照猪皮与金因肽覆盖创面;对照组应用磺胺嘧啶银锌霜＋金因肽覆盖创面。临床选择65例患者（总共127个创面）,包括浅、深Ⅱ度烧伤,临床观察创面愈合时间、应用辐照猪皮与金因肽对全身情况的影响,后期瘢痕增生情况。结果：治疗组比对照组创面愈合时间明显缩短,治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）;患者未出现过敏反应和其他不良反应,后期随访瘢痕增生少。结论：辐照猪皮与金因肽联合治疗儿童Ⅱ度烧伤创面,可促进创面上皮化,明显缩短创面愈合时间,瘢痕增生少,疗效可靠。     

Late side-effects with cosmetic relevance following soft X-ray therapy of cutaneous neoplasias

Background Cosmetic changes are to be expected after radiotherapy for skin tumours. Objectives This study aimed to answer the questions: How frequent are cosmetic changes after soft X‐ray therapy? Do treatment parameters, tumour thickness, localization and size of the irradiated field have a major influence? Were patients irritated by the visual appearance of the irradiated field? Methods In total, 2474 examinations of 1149 irradiated fields were performed. Results Hypopigmentation was found in 64.7% of examinations more than 90 days after therapy, teleangiectases in 43.1%, erythema in 24.8%, and hyperpigmentation in 16.8%. The frequency of hypopigmentation, teleangiectases and hyperpigmentation increased with time from X‐ray exposure; more than 4 years after therapy hypopigmentation was diagnosed in 91.8% and teleangiectases in 82.2% of examinations. Total dose, the time–dose–fractionation factor (TDF), field size and dose per fraction were significantly related to the frequency of cosmetic changes. Incidence rates of cosmetic changes differed by less than 15% if different treatment conditions were compared: thicker vs. thinner tumours, larger vs. smaller fields, higher vs. lower total doses, doses per fraction, and TDF. Frequencies of hypopigmentation, teleangiectases, erythema and hyperpigmentation differed by more than 15% between some localizations on the head. Women reported irritation by the visual appearance of the irradiated field in 12.6% of 1116 interviews, and men in 4.4% of 1284 interviews. Conclusions Cosmetic changes after soft X‐ray therapy are relatively frequent. Treatment parameters, tumour thickness and field size have only a minor influence. Few patients, but more women than men, were irritated by the visual appearance of the irradiated field.     

Skin cancers and precancerous lesions in Parkinson's disease patients.

Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of neoplastic and preneoplastic skin lesions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients when compared with an aged-matched population. We performed a cross-sectional survey in PD patients and in an age-matched control group. Patients and controls were examined by a movement disorder specialist and a dermatologist. 150 PD patients and 146 controls were included. Thirty-five PD patients (23.3%) presented skin lesions that could be classified as neoplastic or preneoplastic vs. 20 subjects in the control group (13.7%) (OR 95%, CI 1.92 [1.05, 3.51]). However, this difference lost statistical significance when adjusted for gender (recruitment of controls was matched just for age with an over representation of males in the PD group). Twenty-nine PD patients (19%) presented actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 4 patients (3%). Although nonconclusive, our results are in agreement with previous studies suggesting an increased risk of skin cancer in PD patients. The frequency of actinic keratosis in PD patients and the associated risk to develop melanoma recommends its screening in future epidemiological studies.     

Skin rejuvenation with microthermal fractional photothermolysis

ABSTRACT:  Fractional resurfacing is gaining acceptance as a preferred method for skin resurfacing. Experience in treating photoaging, acne scars, and melasma is reviewed.     

单臂外固定支架联合腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣治疗胫腓骨骨折合并大面积皮肤撕脱伤

目的探讨单臂外固定支架联合腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣治疗胫腓骨骨折合并胫前大面积皮肤撕脱伤的疗效。方法18例患者先进行急诊清创,采用单臂AO外固定支架固定骨折、腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣局部旋转覆盖外露胫骨。撕脱的皮肤修成全厚皮片回植供皮区,其中5例仍有缺损,另取同侧大腿全厚皮片移植。结果均无感染,15例旋转皮瓣完全成活,2例皮瓣远端表皮坏死,经换药治愈,1例皮瓣远端全层坏死,经植皮治愈。撕脱皮片回植13例成活,5例小部分坏死,其中3例经换药治愈,2例经中厚皮片植皮愈合。5例大腿皮片完全成活。平均随访19.5(10~36)个月,骨折平均愈合时间4(3.5~6)个月。所有患者行走正常,3例膝关节屈伸活动受限,4例踝关节屈伸受限。结论采用单臂外固定支架联合腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣治疗胫腓骨骨折合并胫前大面积皮肤撕脱伤,疗效肯定。     

Epicutaneous exposure to peanut protein prevents oral tolerance and enhances allergic sensitization

BACKGROUND: Food allergies are an important cause of life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions. Oral tolerance can be considered the default immune response to dietary antigens, with immune deviation resulting in allergic sensitization. However, primary sensitization to food allergens may not solely be through the gastrointestinal mucosa, as strong T-helper type 2 (Th2)-biased immunity can result from exposure to protein allergens on barrier-disrupted skin. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether exposure to allergens through the skin may interfere with the normal development of oral tolerance and promote allergic sensitization to food proteins. METHODS: Female BALB/c mice were exposed epicutaneously to peanut protein and induction of systemic oral tolerance through high dose feeds of peanut protein was subsequently assessed. Other mice were rendered tolerant prior to epicutaneous peanut exposure. Sensitivity to peanut was determined by assessing delayed-type hypersensitivity, proliferative, cytokine and antibody responses. RESULTS: Epicutaneous exposure to peanut protein induced potent Th2-type immunity with high levels of IL-4 and serum IgE. Primary skin exposure prevented the subsequent induction of oral tolerance to peanut in an antigen-specific manner. Upon oral challenge, mice became further sensitized and developed strong peanut-specific IL-4 and IgE responses. Furthermore, animals with existing tolerance to peanut were partly sensitized following epicutaneous exposure. CONCLUSION: Epicutaneous exposure to peanut protein can prevent induction of oral tolerance, and may even modify existing tolerance to peanut. Epidermal exposure to protein allergens selectively drives Th2-type responses, and as such may promote sensitization to food proteins upon gastrointestinal exposure.     

Sympathetic skin response in patients with myasthenia gravis★ A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: The examination of sympathetic skin response is an important index for assessing the autonomic nerve function, and patients with myasthenia gravis are always accompanied by dysautonomia. Therefore, it will be important to know whether sympathetic skin response can be used as the index for the clinical evaluation of myasthenia gravis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response in the damage of autonomic nerve function of patients with myasthenia gravis. DESIGN: A case-controlled comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology and Room of Nerve Electromyogram, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty outpatients or inpatients with myasthenia gravis were selected from the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from May 2006 to May 2007, including 9 males and 21 females, aged 8–72 years with a mean age of (28±5) years old. They were all accorded with the diagnostic standards of myasthenia gravis, accompanied by different severity of autonomic nerve symptoms, including poor skin nutrition, sweating of hands and feet, pyknocardia, persistent hypotension, abdominal pain, constipation, etc. They all had not taken any drug affecting the autonomic nerve function before the examination. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients. Meanwhile, 30 healthy physical examinees were enrolled as the normal control group, including 10 males and 20 females, aged 10–75 years with a mean age of (31±5) years old. Approval was obtained from the hospital ethic committee. METHODS: After admission, the patients were examined with sympathetic skin response using DANTEC keypoint 2.0 electromyography evoked potential apparatus (Danmark). The changes of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were observed. The subjects in the normal control group were examined with the same methods at physical examination. Abnormality was judged by the disappearance of wave form, latency longer than that in the normal control group by Mean±2.5SD, or wave amplitude lower than the average value in the normal control group by 50%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the latency and wave amplitude of sympathetic skin response were compared between the patients with myasthenia gravis and normal controls. RESULTS: All the 30 patients with myasthenia gravis and 30 healthy physical examinees were involved in the final analysis of results. There were no significant differences between the left and right upper and lower limbs in both the myasthenia gravis group and normal control group (P > 0.05). In the myasthenia gravis group, the abnormal rate of sympathetic skin response was 37% (11/30), the latency was prolonged and the wave amplitude was decreased as compared with those in the normal control group, and there were significant differences (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sympathetic skin response can be used as an electrophysiological index for judging the damages of autonomic nerve function in patients with myasthenia gravis.     

阴囊皮瓣修复阴茎缺损的临床应用

目的探讨阴囊皮瓣修复阴茎大部分缺损的临床效果。方法对由不同原因引起阴茎缺损的17例患者，采用阴囊皮瓣进行修复。在阴囊根部两侧阴囊前动脉之间的无血管区剥离一腔隙，将延长后的阴茎海绵体经腔隙转移至阴囊皮瓣的下方，以包绕海绵体创面，皮瓣缝合后瘢痕在阴茎腹侧。结果切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后随访患者1～9年，未出现皮瓣坏死现象，阴茎的外观及功能恢复较好。结论阴囊皮瓣的血运丰富、组织柔软、弹性好、伸缩性强，而且此手术切口隐蔽，是修复阴茎缺损较理想的皮瓣。     

The Distally Based Sural Artery Flap for Ankle and Foot Coverage

The sural artery flap is a distally based fasciocutaneous flap that has many advantages to offer for coverage in the foot and ankle area. It has the largest arc of rotation of all the regional flaps and does not require sacrifice of any major artery, and moderate-to-large-sized defects can be covered adequately. The dissection technique is simple, and donor site morbidity is minimal. We report our experience with 17 cases. Age range was from 13 to 56 years. Ten (59%) defects were posttraumatic, 3 (17%) were related to reconstructive surgery of the foot or tendon Achilles', 2 (11%) resulted from tumor resection, and 1 each were from infection and gunshot wound. The smallest flap was 6 x 4 cm and the largest was 15 x 12 cm, with the average size being 11 x 7.5 cm. In 5 cases, the donor site was closed primarily, and in other cases, split-thickness skin graft was needed. The short saphenous vein was included in the pedicle in all cases. There was no incidence of complete flap necrosis. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 30 months. Two cases (12%) developed partial superficial necrosis. In 1 case, there was partial wound dehiscence that needed debridement and repair. Another case had postoperative discharge, which subsided after removal of the calcaneal plate. None of the patients complained of any functional problem related to loss of sensation along the lateral border of the foot. The sural island flap is a reliable, safe, and easy method of providing soft tissue coverage in the area of the foot and ankle.