惠州市结核病控制项目实施效果评价

目的 总结我市结核病控制项目实施效果和经验。方法 根据全市各县(区)上报的结核病报表和有关总结材料进行分析。结果 在项目实施期间发现涂阳病人7522例，治愈了7303例，涂阳病人登记率从1993年的8．2／10万提高到2001年的39．4／10万，初、复治涂阳病人治愈率从1992年的80．0％和81．8％提高到2001年的98．9％和96．2％。结论 我市结核病控制项目实施效果显，项目所取得的成功经验和技术策略对今后结核病控制可持续发展有着重要的指导作用。     

Pericardial effusion following pulmonary resection

Objective Postoperative pericardial effusion commonly occurs after open heart surgery. However, after general thoracotomy such as pulmonary resection, there have been few reports of pericardial effusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate patients with pericardial effusion following pulmonary resection.Methods: Among 2,385 patients with pulmonary resection for lung neoplasm in our institute, eight patients, whose pericardium had never been opened during the operation, developed pericardial effusion. The clinical characteristics of the eight patients were analyzed.Results: Pericardial effusion after pulmonary resection was divided into two subtypes: pericardial effusion in three patients with left thoracotomy occurring within 30 days postoperatively, and pericardial effusion in the remaining five patients with right thoracotomy occurring more than 30 days postoperatively. Pericardiotomy or pericardiocentesis was performed in three symptomatic patients, and the remaining five asymptomatic patients were treated with diuretics. Pericardial effusion disappeared in three of the five patients about 1–3 months after the conservative treatment, while, in the remaining patients, because pericardial effusion had increased gradually, pericardiocentesis was performed.Conclusion: From our experience, the treatment strategy of drainage for early pericardial effusion and diuretics for late pericardial effusion seems to be appropriate. (Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 54:193-198)     

家兔急性周围型肺栓塞影像模型的制备

目的探讨用可吸收性明胶海绵制作家兔急性肺栓塞(PE)影像模型的可行性。方法20只实验组家兔随机分成5组,采用明胶海绵栓子经股静脉插管制成急性PE的动物模型。栓塞后行肺动脉造影检查,栓塞后2h、24h、3d、7d、14d(A、B、C、D、E组)分批处死家兔,解剖肺动脉并观察栓塞区肺组织病理变化。对照组2只注入生理盐水,分别于第7天,14天处死。结果20只实验组家兔1只麻醉意外死亡,19只制备模型后成活,模型制备成功率95%。肺动脉造影显示46支叶及段肺动脉栓塞。肺动脉解剖共发现栓子65个,栓塞动脉50支。A组肺体积肿胀,色深红,镜下观察见肺组织充血。B组、C组、D组、E组中15只家兔肺表面呈苍白色、暗红色、黑色或苍白色区内见黑色坏死区,另外1只仅见肺体积肿大,肺颜色无变化,E组1只第3天左侧发生气胸,肺萎缩;光镜下观察肺组织水肿、淤血、出血、坏死,炎性细胞浸润,肺泡含气减少,肺泡支架结构破坏,E组2例栓塞区见肺组织机化,栓子周围有血小板血栓和/或混合血栓形成。对照组2只家兔肺部仅见少量炎性细胞浸润。结论用明胶海绵作为栓塞物制备家兔急性肺栓塞模型,其方法简便、成功率高,为肺栓塞影像学研究提供了一种较好的实验模型。     

股骨干骨折扩髓腔髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响

【目的】探讨股骨干骨折扩髓与不扩髓髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响。【方法】 38例股骨干骨折分别采用扩髓 (RFN)和不扩髓 (UFN)髓内钉固定 ,在手术开始前至术后 4 8h内 7个不同时间段监测血小板、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间 (PT)和部分凝血活酶激活时间 (APTT)的变化 ,并动脉血气分析 ,计算肺泡 动脉血氧分压递差 [P(A aDO2 ) ]。【结果】RFN组 ,扩髓后血小板开始减少 ,P(A aDO2 )升高 (P<0 0 5 ) ;髓钉插入后 30min纤维蛋白原减少 ,PT、APTT延长 (P <0 0 5 ) ;UFN组表现出同样的趋势 ;两组中各项指标均在 2 4～ 4 8h内恢复正常 ;动脉血气分析各时间段和组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。【结论】扩大髓腔的髓内钉固定 ,和不扩髓相比 ,并不影响肺换气功能 ,对凝血机能的影响是一个自限过程 ,单纯股骨干骨折 ,可耐受扩髓固定手术。     

大肠杆菌内毒素所致肺血管收缩部位及山莨菪碱的作用

将动、静脉阻断法用于恒速灌流的在体山羊左肺,使其总压力降区分为动脉端、静脉端及中间段三部分。大肠杆菌内毒素主要升高肺静脉端压力降及肺毛细血管压;山莨菪碱可显著缓解内毒素所致的改变,但对正常肺血管各段压力降无明显影响。5-羟色胺主要升高肺动脉端压力降,对肺静脉端及毛细血管压无明显影响。去甲肾上腺素及组胺主要升高肺静脉端压力降及肺毛细血管压,但对肺动脉端无明显影响。去甲肾上腺素和组胺可能介导内毒素性肺动脉高压。     

特发性肺纤维化的诊断及相关研究

特发性肺纤维化是间质性肺病的代表性疾病 ,其病因不明 ,预后不良。随着对本病不断的深入研究 ,诊断标准日趋完善。现结合有关文献对特发性肺纤维化的诊断和相关研究作一综述。     

肺结核与肺癌并存25例的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨肺结核与肺癌并存的临床特点、诊断及手术治疗方法。方法对25例肺结核并存肺癌患者的临床和实验室资料进行综合分析。结果患者多为老年，多有肺结核病史，有咳嗽、咯血、胸痛等表现。肺癌漏诊率高，手术治疗效果好。结论肺结核并存肺癌时，易发生漏诊，有条件时应手术治疗。     

The Hemodynamic Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Systemic Inflammatory Response Following Brain Death in the Transplant Donor

Brain-dead donors are the major source of lungs for transplantation. Brain death is characterized by two hemodynamic phases. Initially, massive sympathetic discharge results in a hypertensive crisis. This is followed by neurogenic hypotension. Up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators occurs in all organs and lung injury develops; this can adversely affect graft function post-transplantation. The mechanisms of the systemic and lung inflammation are unknown. We hypothesized that the hemodynamic changes are responsible for these inflammatory phenomena. Brain death was induced by intra-cranial balloon inflation in rats. This resulted in hypertensive crisis, followed by hypotension. There was a significant increase in blood neutrophil CD11b/CD18 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, compared with control animals. Rupture of the capillary-alveolar membrane was demonstrated by electron microscopy. Elimination of the hypertensive response by α-adrenergic antagonist pre-treatment prevented inflammatory lung injury, reduced the systemic inflammatory markers and preserved capillary-alveolar membrane integrity. Correction of the neurogenic hypotension with noradrenaline ameliorated the systemic inflammatory response and improved oxygenation. We conclude that the sympathetic discharge triggers systemic and lung inflammation, which can be further enhanced by neurogenic hypotension. Management of the brain-dead donor with early anti-inflammatory treatment and vasoconstrictors is warranted.     

1992～2001年海南省结核病防治工作情况分析

目的　分析海南省结核病防治工作现状和经验。方法 根据全省各市(县)上报的结核病报表和有关总结材料,分析结核病现状、防治对策及效果。结果 海南省应用现代结核病控制策略以来,1992～2000年共检查可疑肺结核病患者192077例,查痰48670例,查痰率25.3%。发现并登记活动性肺结核病人31822例,其中涂阳病人22946例,涂阳新登记率从1992年12.8/10万上升到2000年48.4/10万。至2001年12月止,共治愈了21625例涂阳病人,总治愈率达94.2%。结论 海南省结核病疫情严重,近10年来经过应用现代结核病控制策略,取得显著成效,证明该策略是控制结核病流行最有效的技术措施。     

小剂量肝素联用巯甲丙脯酸治疗慢性肺心病急性发作期66例疗效分析

目的探讨综合疗法并用小剂量肝素、巯甲丙脯酸治疗慢性肺心病急性发作期的疗效.方法慢性肺心病急性发作期患者随机分为治疗组(66例)、对照组(62例),两组均进行综合治疗,但治疗组加用了小剂量肝素和巯甲丙脯酸,然后观察并比较其症状、体征、血气指标和血液黏稠度.结果治疗组的血液流变学变化、症状与体征的改善及总好转率明显优于对照组P＜0.01.结论慢性肺心病急性发作期病人在综合治疗的基础上加用小剂量肝素和巯甲丙脯酸可显著提高疗效.