Prognostic value of selected platelet parameters of patients operated for non-small cell lung cancer

BackgroundPlatelets play a vital role in the neoplastic process. Platelet parameters are hence an important source of information concerning ongoing neoplastic disease. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of selected platelet parameters on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe study included 532 (174 female and 358 male) patients aged 36–84 years (mean age 63.6 years) operated on due to NSCLC, staged IA–IIIA. Before the operation, all patients received a blood morphology test. The following parameters were subjected to statistical analysis: platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) parameter, platelet distribution width (PDW) parameter, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index. These findings were compared with the clinical data of the patients, and the probability of overall survival was analyzed.ResultsThe univariate analysis revealed a correspondence between PDW, MPV, PLR and SII index and patient survival. The multivariate analysis including patient clinical data found the following factors to have negative prognostic value for patients operated on due to NSCLC: male sex, advancement stage of neoplastic disease and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) above 4, and PLR >144.ConclusionsPDW value, PLR and SII index are independent prognostic factors. In the multi-factor model, male sex, the advancement stage of the neoplastic disease, CCI above 4 and PLR lower than 144 had the greatest prognostic value.     

Efficacy of dacomitinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer carrying complex EGFR mutations: a real-world study

BackgroundDacomitinib is a first-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations; however, clinical evidence of its activity on NSCLC with complex EGFR mutations is limited.MethodsPatients harboring complex (common mutations co-existing with uncommon mutations), or common (comparison cohort) EGFR mutations, who were treated with dacomitinib, were retrospectively evaluated in the Chinese National Cancer Center and the China PLA hospital between August 2019 and August 2021.ResultsIn total, 72 patients with NSCLC harboring complex (C+U group, n=18) or common (C group, n=54) EGFR mutations and being treated with dacomitinib were enrolled. In the C+U group, 16 cases (88.9%) harbored L858R mutations co-existing with uncommon mutations located from exon 18 to exon 25 of EGFR (mostly E709X), and two cases harbored exon 19 deletion co-existing with G724S or K754E. Among the 15 evaluable patients, the objective response rate (ORR) was 40% (6/15), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 73.3% (11/15). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4–10.6 months]. Except for the application line of dacomitinib (P=0.039), no significant statistical differences were found in other characteristics and adverse events between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed no significant differences in PFS (P=0.889) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.703). However, the stratified analysis found worse PFS in the C+U group than that observed in the C group when receiving 1^st and ≥3^rd line dacomitinib treatment, while its OS was worse than that of group C when receiving ≥3^rd line treatment. Furthermore, in a multivariate analysis, complex mutation status was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.038) in the entire cohort.ConclusionsThis study indicated a worse response and prognosis of patients with NSCLC harboring complex EGFR mutations than those harboring common EGFR mutations when treated with dacomitinib. Further studies and data are needed to confirm this conclusion.     

基于贝叶斯累加回归树模型的非小细胞肺癌患者个性化疗效研究

目的 应用贝叶斯累加回归树(BART)模型对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的仅手术与手术+化疗两种治疗方案的疗效进行个性化评价,并识别高受益患者亚组。方法 提取美国SEER数据库中2012—2013年间所有NSCLC患者资料,以总生存时间不小于5年作为结局,按照治疗方案分类进行比较。运用倾向性评分匹配法使比较组间协变量均衡,应用BART模型计算个体处理效应(ITE),运用决策树模型进行亚组分析。结果 本研究BART所对应的模型曲线下面积(AUC)大于0.8,结果可信度较高,99.5%患者采用手术+化疗方案获得不同程度更优疗效,得到AJCC分期、原发灶位置、转移程度等临床实践中重要的亚组分类特征,并得出疗效最优的亚组。所得亚组中,相较于仅手术的治疗方案,远处转移、原发灶位于肺中叶的女性患者更能于手术+化疗方案中受益。结论 构建的BART模型可以较好地评价NSCLC患者两种治疗方案的个性化疗效,为今后同类疾病的个性化医疗实践提供依据。     

晚期驱动基因阴性、PD-L1表达阴性非鳞非小细胞肺癌一线治疗方案的网状Meta分析

目的 对晚期驱动基因阴性、程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)表达阴性非鳞非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗方案疗效和安全性进行网状Meta分析。方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库及ClinicalTrials.gov网站有关晚期驱动基因阴性非鳞NSCLC一线治疗研究,纳入包括化疗、免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)、抗血管生成药物及其联合治疗的随机对照试验(RCT),使用StataMP 16.0及R 4.1.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果 共纳入10个RCT、5731例非鳞NSCLC患者,涉及10种治疗方案。各治疗方案总生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS)差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。OS概率排序居第1位的是帕博利珠单抗联合化疗,PFS概率排序居第1位的是纳武利尤单抗联合贝伐珠单抗及化疗。在有效率方面,阿替利珠单抗联合化疗、帕博利珠单抗联合化疗的客观缓解率(ORR)高于化疗(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.07～2.59;OR=2.68,95%CI:1.40～5.11)。在所有级别不良反应率方面,卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗的不良反应率高于化疗及...     

中医肺康复疗法治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究述评

中医肺康复疗法以"整体观念"和"辨证论治"为原则,以"不治已病,治未病"为指导思想,治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)疗效确切,可改善肺功能,减轻呼吸道症状,增强患者免疫力,提高生活质量,但也存在以下不足:①中医肺康复技术种类较为单一,后期能否将...     

Research Progress on Postoperative Minimal/Molecular Residual Disease Detection in Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Approximately 10%–50% of patients experience relapse after radical surgery, which may be attributed to the persistence of minimal/molecular residual disease (MRD). Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a common liquid biopsy approach, has been demonstrated to have significant clinical merit. In this study, we review the evidence supporting the use of ctDNA for MRD detection and discuss the potential clinical applications of postoperative MRD detection, including monitoring recurrence, guiding adjuvant treatment, and driving clinical trials in lung cancer. We will also discuss the problems that prevent the routine application of ctDNA MRD detection. Multi‐analyte methods and identification of specific genetic and molecular alterations, especially methylation, are effective detection strategies and show considerable prospects for future development. Interventional prospective studies based on ctDNA detection are needed to determine whether the application of postoperative MRD detection can improve the clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients, and the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and robustness of different detection methods still require optimization and refinement.     

支气管哮喘患儿肺功能改变的特征

支气管哮喘患儿肺功能改变具有特征性,突出表现在气道反应性增高和阻塞性肺通气功能障碍两个方面,其通气功能障碍具有可逆性、可变性、多样性等,并可随着病情变化而改变.肺功能检测在哮喘诊断和管理中具有不可替代的作用,但哮喘患儿肺功能改变与临床症状并非完全平行,同时需要甄别非哮喘呼吸系统疾病导致的肺功能改变,正确解析检查结果,密...     

用单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部良性肿瘤的效果分析

目的:分析探究用单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部良性肿瘤的效果。方法:从2017年1月~2018年12月在本院接受治疗的肺部良性肿瘤患者中选择150例纳入研究,按照手术治疗方式的差异将其分为两组。其中对照组(n=75)患者接受常规开胸手术方式,观察组(n=75)患者接受单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果:观察组患者的术中出血量与住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05),同时观察组患者治疗前后的肺功能指标改善情况,显著优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者的并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部良性肿瘤的效果显著,可以有效改善患者肺功能和降低并发症发生率,对于促进患者康复具有重要的现实意义。     

Predictors of respiratory failure after thoracic surgery: a retrospective cohort study with comparison between lobar and sub-lobar resection

ObjectiveOnly approximately 15% of patients with lung cancer are suitable for surgery and clinical postoperative outcomes vary. The aim of this study was to investigate variables associated with post-surgery respiratory failure in this patient cohort.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for lung cancer were retrospectively studied for respiratory function. All patients had undergone lung resection by a mini-thoracotomy approach. The study population was divided into two subgroups for comparison: lobectomy group, who underwent lobar resection; and sub-lobar resection group.ResultsA total of 85 patients were included, with a prevalence of lung cancer stage IA and adenocarcinoma histotype. Lobectomy (versus sub-lobar resection), the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a COPD assessment test (CAT) score >10, were all associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen decreased more in the lobectomy group than in the sub-lobar resection group following surgery, with a significant postoperative between-group difference in values. Postoperative CAT scores were also better in the sub-lobar resection group.ConclusionsPost-surgical variations in functional parameters were greater in the group treated by lobectomy. COPD, high CAT score and surgery type were associated with postoperative development of respiratory failure.     

Heterotopic lung transplant: a feasible approach to compensate for organ shortages

Lung transplants are still limited by the shortage of suitable donor lungs, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A heterotopic lung transplant (HLTx), as a flexible surgical procedure, can maximize the potential of donor lungs in an emergency, but its widespread use is hindered by difficulties in anastomosis and paucity of outcome data. We performed a retrospective review of 4 patients, each of whom received an HLTxs over 1 year, including 1 left-to-right single HLTx, 2 right-to-left single HLTxs and 1 lobar HLTx (right upper lobe-to-left). The median recipient age was 58.5 years (46–68); 3 patients were male. The postoperative hospital stay was 33 days (30–42). One recipient lived for 10 years and died of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; the others were alive with no major morbidity at 12 to 31 months after the operation with a 1-year survival of 100%. The follow-up chest images showed that transplanted lungs could be inflated well and adapted morphologically to fill the thoracic cavity in the short and long term. This study demonstrates that an HLTx is a feasible alternative to a conventional lung transplant in emergency cases and could be considered in selected patients at advanced medical centres.