Absorption of Propranolol in Humans Following Oral,Jejunal, and Heal Administration

Pharmaceutical Research -     

Comparison of the Permeability Characteristics of a Human Colonic Epithelial (Caco-2) Cell Line to Colon of Rabbit,Monkey, and Dog Intestine and Human Drug Absorption

The in vitro permeabilities of Caco-2 monolayers and permeabilities in tissue sections from colon of monkey, rabbit, and dog were compared using a series of compounds. The selected compounds differed in their physicochemical properties, such as octanol/water partition coefficient, water solubility, and molecular weight. Their structure included steroids, carboxylic acids, xanthins, alcohols, and polyethylene glycols. A linear permeability relationship was established between Caco-2 and colon tissue from both rabbit and monkey. The results suggest that Caco-2 is twice as permeable as rabbit and five times as permeable as monkey colon. However, no clear relationship could be established between Caco-2 monolayers and dog colon permeability. A relationship between permeability in Caco-2 monolayers and human absorption was found. The results suggest that within certain limits, permeability of Caco-2 monolayers may be used as a predictive tool to estimate human drug absorption.     

Periodontal conditions among the middle-aged and the elderly in Hong Kong

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the periodontal conditions in 372 35–44-yr-old and 537 noninstitutionalized 65–74-yr-old Hong Kong Chinese who were examined clinically for loss of attachment, recession, probing depth, calculus, and bleeding after probing. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) data and treatment need indications were compiled from index teeth or their substitutes. The prevalence of loss of attachment varied considerably in both cohorts according to the definition of the threshold (≥6, ≥9, and ≥12 mm, respectively). The mean numbers of teeth with loss of attachment at the ≥6-mm threshold and at higher thresholds were small. In both age cohorts, about one-fifth of subjects had probing depths ≥6-mm, while al the ≥9-mm threshold only 2–3% were so affected. Although recession was an important component of loss of attachment in the younger cohort, in the older cohort the prevalence and extent of recession were greater than for probing depths at thresholds ≥4 mm. All subjects had one or more teeth with calculus, bleeding, or both, most teeth being so affected. Eighty-four of the 537 65–74-yr-old subjects were excluded either because of edentulousness or because extractions indicated for the remaining teeth would have rendered the subjects edentulous. The distribution of subjects according to their highest CPI score was remarkably similar for the two cohorts. No subjects in either age group were assessed as “healthy” (CPI code 0) or had “bleeding only” (code 1) as their highest score. While most subjects scored CPI code 2 or 3 us their highest score, only 17% of the younger and 15% of the older cohort scored Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) code 4. Differences in the mean number of sextants affected by CPI codes between the two cohorts were mainly due to a greater number of excluded sextants in the older cohort. CPI findings for 35–44-yr-olds differed little from those reported in 1984.     

浅谈对传染科护士素质的要求与体会

根据笔者在传染科病房工作中的体会,从六个方面针对传染科工作的特殊性和存在的共性分别阐述了传染科护士在工作中如何高标准、严要求自己,如何对病人做到到位的护理,旨在提高传染科病房的整体护理质量,从而把更多的实惠让利于患者。     

Interactions between peripheral blood CD8 T lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells (iEC)

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are primarily CD8 cells and most of them have a CD28^? phenotype, the phenotype of effector cytotoxic T cells. We asked whether the predominance of CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells in the gut may result from peripheral blood T cells preferentially migrating to the iIEL compartment and adhering to iEC. Compared with CD4 cells, adhesion of resting CD8⁺ T cells to iEC cell lines was significantly higher. Adhesion could be blocked with a MoAb to gp180, a molecule expressed on iEC which is known to interact with CD8/lck. No significant difference in the level of adhesion was observed between CD8⁺ CD28⁺ and CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells. Thus CD8 cells may preferentially migrate to the iIEL compartment, but loss of CD28 expression could occur in situ after migration. Consistent with this hypothesis, the CD8⁺ CD28^? cells became enriched after co-culturing T cells with iEC cell lines and primary iEC. Induction of the CD8⁺ CD28^? phenotype in cord blood and adult T cells was observed in co-cultures with iEC and also with mitogens and superantigens. In the latter case, CD28 down-modulation was seen specifically in the Vβ subset targeted by the superantigen, indicating that loss of CD28 expression is a direct result of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation. The combined results suggest that CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells are antigen experienced T cells, and that they may have a survival advantage in the presence of gut epithelial cells in vitro. This may contribute to the predominance of CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells in the iIEL compartment.     

Comparative effects of plateletderived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-I, individually and in combination, on periodontal regeneration in Macaca fascicularis

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in combination have previously been shown to enhance periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to further characterize the biological effects of this combination of growth factors in non-human primates and compare the effects to those of each growth factor individually. Ligature-induced periodontitis was initiated in 10 cynomolgus monkeys. After periodontal lesions were established, surgery was performed, and either a methylcellulose gel vehicle or vehicle containing 10 μg each of either PDGF-BB, IGF-I or both PDGF-BB and IGF-I was applied to exposed root surfaces. Biopsies were taken 4 and 12 wk after treatment and the extent of periodontal regeneration was assessed by histomorphometry. At both 4 and 12 wk vehicle-treated lesions generally revealed minimal osseous defect fill (ODF) (8.5±2.1% and 14.5±5.7%, respectively) and new attachment (NA) (34.1±5.2% and 26.6±10.5%, respectively). IGF-I treatment did not significantly alter healing compared to vehicle in any parameter at both 4 and 12 wk. PDGFBB-treated sites exhibited significant (p<0.05) regeneration of NA (69.6±12.0%) at 12 wk; trends for PDGF-BB treatment effect were also observed in other parameters at 4 and 12 wk. although these increases were not statistically significant. Treatment with PDGF-BB/IGF-I resulted in 21.6±5.1 % and 42.5±8.3% ODF at 4 and 12 wk, respectively, and 64.1±7.7% and 74.6±7.4% NA at 4 and 12 wk, respectively (all significantly greater than vehicle, p<0.05). The results from this study demonstrated that: 1) IGF-1 alone at the dose tested did not significantly alter periodontal wound healing; 2) PDGF-BB alone significantly stimulated NA, with trends of effect on other parameters; and 3) the PDGF-BB/IGF-I combination resulted in significant increases in NA and ODF above vehicle at both 4 and 12 wk.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱疾病

目的评价经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱疾病的临床应用价值.方法 56例多发骨髓瘤、溶骨性脊柱转移瘤、骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者应用经皮椎体成形术后,分24 h、3个月两阶段评估患者疼痛、术后X线片检查结果、椎体高度等指标.结果术后止痛效果良好,尤以骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的止痛效果最好.无严重并发症. 结论经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折等脊柱疾病的止痛、稳固椎体等效果明显,可以谨慎开展.     

小儿乙状结肠冗长症病理特点分析

目的 探讨小儿乙状结肠冗长症的病理特点，以提高对该症病理特点的认识。方法 分析我科1993～2002年间经手术治疗12例小儿乙状结肠冗长症的临床病理资料。结果 小儿乙状结肠冗长症病理特点与先天性巨结肠同源病相似。主要表现为乙状结肠肠壁肥厚，部分肌纤维变性。结肠黏膜萎缩，黏膜下充血水肿；肌间神经丛减少，均可见神经节细胞发育幼稚，且数量减少或体积变小，呈固缩或空泡变性。结论 小儿乙状结肠冗长症大多有肠神经元发育异常。     

传染病流行的社会因素及社会控制策略刍议

传染病与社会文化因素的关系密切。应重视社会因素对传染病的发生发展影响，从社会根源上探究其发病原理，包括经济因素、科学技术、文化、人口、卫生服务和其它社会因素。人类要有与传染病长期斗争的思想准备，并制定包括大卫生观和技术合作等相应的社会策略。