杨宗孟教授临床用药探析

杨宗孟教授是国家名医,全国500名师承指导老师。从事中医妇科临床50余年,尤其擅长治疗女性不孕不育症,在多年的临床诊疗过程中,形成了自己的用药规律及特点。总结了杨老临床诊疗用药的经验,为后世妇科医者提供了临诊的宝贵经验。     

Inhibitory effect of fucoidan on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated primary microglia

1. Microglial activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by producing various pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Microglia‐derived nitric oxide (NO) is critical for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. 2. Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds. It has a variety of biological actions, including anticoagulant, antiviral and anti‐inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fucoidan on LPS‐induced cellular activation in microglia and to evaluate the inhibitory mechanisms involved. 3. To investigate the effects of fucoidan on LPS‐induced cellular activation in microglia, primary microglial cells were preincubated with fucoidan (31.25, 62.5 and 125 μg/mL) for 10 min, followed by stimulation with LPS (0.01 μg/mL). Then, cell shape and NO production were determined 24 h after LPS stimulation, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein expression were determined at 6 and 18 h after LPS stimulation, respectively. To evaluate the inhibitory mechanisms involved, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was also evaluated. 4. Lipopolysaccharide transformed cells into an amoeboid shape, whereas 62.5 μg/mL fucoidan inhibited this activation. Moreover, 125 μg/mL fucoidan significantly inhibited microglial NO production to 75% of that in LPS‐treated group and also significantly diminished the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein by nearly 50%. Fucoidan (125 μg/mL) also suppressed phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) by approximately 50%, but not that of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. 5. The results provide the first evidence that fucoidan has a potent inhibitory effect against LPS‐induced NO production by microglia. The results also suggest that this inhibitory action of fucoidan involves suppression of p38 and ERK phosphorylation.     

肝癌发生过程中转录因子AP-1活化的研究

目的：检测肝癌及其癌周组织中AP-1活化状态，探索该转录因子在肝癌发生过程中可能的作用。方法：用电泳迁移率转移试验、免疫印迹和RNA酶保护性分析等方法，测定15例原发性肝癌及其癌周组织中AP-1与DNA的结合活性、AP-1复合物的蛋白组成以及细胞增殖状况。结果：与正常肝组织相比，AP-1与DNA结合活性在。73％的癌周组织中增高；60％的肝癌组织中AP-1结合活性比癌周组织进一步增高；其AP-1二聚体主要由JunD、c-Jun和c-Fos蛋白参与组成，AP-1结合活性与JunD和c-Jun蛋白表达水平呈正相关。结论：AP-1的激活是肝癌发生过程中的早期频发事件，可能有助于肝细胞恶性转化表型的获得，在肝癌的形成中具有重要作用。     

Differential expression of immediate-early proteins in non-nerve cells after focal brain injury

We investigated the expression of the immediate-early proteins (IEPs, Fos, Fos B, Jun, Jun B, Jun D, Krox 20 and Krox 24) in non-nerve cells in rat brain after mechanical brain injury. Injury produced by infusion of 5 μl of saline into the hippocampus produced a time-dependent expression of Fos, Jun and Krox 24, but not Fos B, Krox 20 or in non-nerve cells around the wound margin, in cells lining the lateral and third ventricles and in cells in the pial surfaces of the brain. Jun B and D were weakly induced in non-nerve cells 1–4 hr after brain injury. This differential expression of IEPs in non-nerve cells contrasted with neurons which expressed all IEPs measured. Thus, brain injury is associated with a differential expression of IEPs in non-nerve cells around the wound. The functional implications of this IEP expression after brain injury are presently unclear, but may be related to cellular proliferation after brain injury.     

心气虚证计量诊断再探

本文收集了１６８例心血管疾病患者的四诊资料，其中心气虚证８３例，非心气虚证８５例，应用计数资料的两类判别方法，从四诊的角度探讨心气虚证的计量诊断，建立了一个心气虚证的计量诊断表，并进一步简化成诊断计分表，此表与全国对心气虚证的诊断参考标准比较，诊断符合率为９２．２６％。由于本表是建立在数理统计的基础上，因此可以认为是一个对心气虚证较为客观化的诊断方法。     

中西医结合治疗老年人功能性消化不良

目的:探讨莫沙比利加香砂六君子汤治疗老年人功能性消化不良的疗效.方法:随机将80例60岁以上功能性消化不良患者分成莫沙比利加香砂六君子汤组及对照组进行4周治疗和对照.结果:莫沙比利加香砂六君子汤组治疗前后症状明显改善,与安慰剂比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05);停药4周后,莫沙比利加香砂六君子汤组比对照组复发率低(P＜0.05).结论:莫沙比利加香砂六君子汤治疗老年人功能性消化不良疗效佳,复发率低,副作用少.     

生长激素联合顺铂及丝裂霉素对荷前胃癌小鼠的抑瘤作用研究

目的　研究重组人生长激素 (rhGH)联合顺铂、丝裂霉素对体内胃癌的抑制作用 ,探讨rhGH在胃癌围手术期临床治疗中应用的可行性。方法　通过前胃癌MFC体外培养细胞接种在 61 5小鼠皮下 ,移植成功的稳定肿瘤模型 ,接种 1 2 0只 ,进行rhGH联合顺铂、丝裂霉素以及单独应用对荷前胃癌 61 5小鼠的治疗观察 ,观察给药组的肿瘤抑制率、肿瘤生长曲线、荷瘤鼠生命延长率及肿瘤凋亡指数等。对荷瘤小鼠生存质量、疗效进行评价 ,探讨rhGH在胃癌围手术期临床治疗中的可行性。结果　rhGH联合顺铂组、rhGH联合丝裂霉素组比单独应用顺铂组、丝裂霉素组对荷前胃癌小鼠治疗效果显著提高 ,抑瘤率分别为 78 7%、 48 1 %。实验组小鼠肿瘤生长受到明显抑制 (P <0 0 1 ) ;荷瘤小鼠生存期明显延长 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　rhGH联合顺铂组、rhGH联合丝裂霉素组治疗前胃癌小鼠具有显著的抑瘤作用 ,提示rhGH在胃癌围手术期配合抗癌药物的治疗是有效可行的     

香砂六君子汤及其成分对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条运动的影响

目的　制备香砂六君子汤及其成分的水煎剂,观察对大鼠离体胃不同部位平滑肌条的作用。方法　制备大鼠离体胃各部位的平滑肌条,放置在灌流肌槽中,记录肌条的收缩活动并观察加入药物后对肌条收缩活动的影响。结果　①香砂六君子汤增高胃底肌条的张力,减弱胃体、胃窦肌条的收缩波平均振幅及幽门环行肌条的运动指数。②香砂六君子汤中的补气药成分党参、白术、甘草对胃各部位肌条主要表现为兴奋效应。③香砂六君子汤中的理气药成分陈皮、砂仁对胃各部位肌条主要表现为抑制效应,木香对胃各部位肌条无明显作用。结论　香砂六君子汤对胃底为兴奋作用,对胃体、胃窦、幽门为抑制作用。香砂六君子汤中的补气药对胃肌条以兴奋作用为主,而理气药以抑制作用为主。     

清代书家吴让之交游初考

清代书家吴让之传邓石如、包世臣一脉，取法金石碑版，遂成为碑派书法的重要代表。总的说来。昊让之的交游并不广泛。前人文献记录亦少，且较为分散。考辨吴让之的交游，有助于人们了解吴让之所处的文化环境、生活境遇和思想渊源。