Secular trends in mortality and causes of death among children and adolescents aged 1–19 years in China from 1953 to 2016: a national and subnational variations systematic analysis

Background

The level and pace of mortality, and causes of death in children and adolescents might vary across regions within China. We aimed to analyse the national and subnational mortality trends, and the principal causes of deaths among Chinese children and adolescents aged 1–19 years from 1953 to 2016.

夏军教授治疗糖尿病合并高血压经验

糖尿病合并高血压疾病属于中医"眩晕""头痛"等范畴,对心血管系统有极强的危害性,被称为同源性疾病。其病机特点是本虚标实、虚实夹杂,以阴虚为本,阳亢为标,而肝肾亏虚是主因。糖尿病合并高血压疾病在临床上,有糖尿病发病在先,高血压发病在后;或高血压在先,糖尿病在后;或两者发病时间顺序不明显。夏军教授是北京市名中医,从事中医临床40余载,对多种临床疑难病症见解独到,尤其是对心血管病、糖尿病的治疗更是得心应手,治疗糖尿病合并心血管病经验独特。夏教授认为,糖尿病合并高血压,阴虚是基本病机,无论糖尿病和高血压发病时间上孰先孰后,纠正阴虚是二者共同的着眼点,以平益肝肾,使其阴平阳秘为治疗该病的重要环节。     

杨骏教授针药结合治疗颈椎病经验举隅

[目的]总结杨骏教授针药结合治疗颈椎病的临床经验。[方法]通过跟师学习,分析老师治疗颈椎病的相关病历,总结杨师对颈椎病的诊治思想和经验。[结果]杨师重视“从项论治”,善采用百会调神、通督统阳、特殊选穴、风池宜灸等针灸疗法,并配合桂枝葛根汤加减治疗颈椎病,临床有着很好疗效。[结论]杨师采用针药结合治疗颈椎病有着独特疗效,其诊治方法值得我们深入学习和探索。     

JNK信号通路对乙醛刺激的大鼠肝星状细胞增殖的影响

目的 :初步探讨JNK信号通路调控乙醛刺激的大鼠肝星状细胞 (HSC)增殖的分子机制。方法 :采用细胞培养 ,用c Jun氨基末端激酶 (c JunN terminalkinase ,JNK)特异性阻断剂 (SP60 0 12 5 )对乙醛刺激的HSC进行处理 ,以MTT比色法、Westernblot法检测细胞增殖和磷酸化JNK(p JNK)水平的变化 ,观察JNK通路对HSC增殖影响。 结果 :乙醛刺激后HSC增殖明显 ,同时JNK活性增强 ;使用SP60 0 12 5 (2 0、60ng/ml)后 ,明显抑制HSC增殖 (P <0 0 5 ) ,加大SP60 0 12 5浓度到 10 0ng/ml后 ,抑制作用更明显 (P <0 0 1) ;而p JNK水平也呈相应的降低 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论 :JNK活性变化与乙醛刺激的大鼠HSC的增殖具有相关性 ,提示JNK可能是调节HSC增殖的重要信号通路之一。     

杨祥坤教授从三焦论治慢性心力衰竭

杨教授在长期的临床实践中,发现重度慢性心力衰竭病人在临床上常常喘、满、肿、胀并见,表现为三焦壅塞、痰瘀水停证候,运用中医宣导三焦,活血利水诸法,配合适当西药,治疗慢性心力衰竭收效显著。     

Implications of Immediate-Early Gene Induction in the Brain Following Sexual Stimulation of Female and Male Rodents

Induction of immediate-early genes (IEGs), such as c-fos, has been widely used to mark the activation of brain regions following different types of sexual stimulation and behavior. A relatively common set of hormone-concentrating basal forebrain and midbrain structures in female and male rodents is activated by copulatory stimulation, in particular, stimulation of sensory nerves that innervate the penis or vagina/cervix, olfactory or pheremonal stimuli, and conditioned sexual incentives. These regions include the preoptic area, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, medial amygdala, ventral premammillary nuclei, ventral tegmentum, central tegmental field, mesencephalic central gray, and peripeduncular nuclei. Regions that do not contain classic intracellular steroid receptors, such as the ventral and dorsal striatum or cortex, are also activated. IEGs have also been colocalized with cytoplasmic proteins like GnRH and oxytocin, and have been used in conjunction with retrograde tracers to reveal functional pathways associated with different sexual behaviors. Steroid hormones can also alter the ability of sexual stimulation to induce IEGs. Despite the many similarities, some differences in IEG induction between sexes have also been found. We review these findings and raise the question of what IEG induction in the brain actually means for sexual behavior, that is, whether it indicates the perception of sexual stimulation, commands for motor output, or the stimulation of a future behavioral or neuroendocrine event related to the consequences of sexual stimulation. To understand the role of a particular activated region, the behavioral or neuroendocrine effects of lesions, electrical stimulation, drug or hormone infusions, must also be known.     

煎煮时间对四君子汤某些成分含量的影响

四君子汤源出宋《太平惠民和剂局方》,对治疗脾(气)虚证有一定疗效。为了控制药品质量和用药安全,我们测定了不同煎煮时间的煎膏煎出率和总黄酮化合物、甘草酸的含量,当煎煮30min时达到最高,分别为31.7%、161.98μg/ml、5.399mg/ml。     

Jab1 expression is associated with TGF-β1 signaling in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis

Jab1, which is a fifth component of COP9 signalosome, plays an essential role in cell growth and proliferation. Jab1 is also shown to regulate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in carcinoma cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and the correlation of Jab1 and TGF-β1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Here, we show the elevated expression of Jab1 and TGF-β1 in diseased mucosa without nasal polyps and a correlation between Jab1 and TGF-β1 expression. Forty-six samples (26 patients with nasal polyps, 10 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and 10 control subjects) were included to this study. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed for the assessment of Jab1 and TGF-β1 localization and the expression of proteins. Double staining of both proteins showed that Jab1 and TGF-β1 were colocalized in the epithelium, inflammatory cells and the vascular endothelium of nasal mucosa. There was a significant increase in the expression of TGF-β1 and Jab1 in patients without nasal polyps and a significant decrease in patients with nasal polyps compared to controls. Moreover, correlation was detected between the expression of Jab1 and TGF-β1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Our results demonstrate that chronic rhinosinusitis is characterized by elevated expression of Jab1 and TGF-β1 compared to nasal polyposis and Jab1 may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of both chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis.     

Is lymph node dissection necessary for resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsA literature search with a date range of January 2000 to January 2018 was performed to identify studies comparing lymph node dissection (LND+) with non-lymph node dissection (LND-) for patients with ICC. The LND + group was further divided into positive (LND + N+) and negative (LND + N-) lymph node status groups based on pathological analysis.Results13 studies including 1377 patients were eligible. There were no significant differences in overall survival (OS) (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.94–1.36; P = 0.20), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.94–1.60; P = 0.13), or recurrence (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.90–2.15; P = 0.14) between LND + group and LND-group. Postoperative morbidity was significantly higher in the LND + group (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.74–4.10; P < 0.001). A subset analysis showed that OS was similar between LND + N- and LND-groups (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.82–1.56; P = 0.450). However when comparing, OS of the LND-group to the LND+N+ group there was a significant increase in OS for the LND-group (HR 3.26, 95% CI 1.85–5.76; P < 0.001).ConclusionsLND does not seem to positively affect overall survival and is associated with increased post-operative morbidity.