蔬菜、水果、鱼类、豆类膳食模式与乳腺癌关系的Meta分析

目的 总结不同人群健康膳食模式特征及其与乳腺癌的关联证据,为我国乳腺癌的预防提供科学依据.方法 中文文献检索1997年1月-2014年6月国内公开发表的相关研究文献,检索数据库包括：中国知网、万方医学网、中文生物医学文献库和维普电子资源,英文文献检索1997年1月-2014年6月公开发表的相关研究,检索数据库包括：Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane database、Medline和Google Scholar.检索词包括膳食模式/饮食（dietary pattern/ food pattern）和乳腺癌/乳腺肿瘤（breast neoplasma/breast cancer/breast carcinoma/mammary cancer）.文献排除标准：（1）重复发表的仅保留样本量大、信息全的一篇.（2）内容为男性乳腺癌的文章.（3）实验性研究、综述、Meta分析、病例-对照研究以及信息不全的文章.用Meta分析对高摄入蔬菜、水果、鱼类和豆制品的膳食模式与乳腺癌关联的效应量进行合并.总结在该类膳食模式上高摄入人群与低摄入人群乳腺癌患病率的合并效应量.合并效应量采用固定效应模型.统计分析采用Stata11.0软件完成.结果 最终纳入英文文献12篇,均为队列研究,未发现符合纳入标准的中文文献.队列研究样本量总数为623 536例,乳腺癌病例为19 707例.结果显示以高摄入蔬菜、水果、鱼类和豆类健康膳食模式对乳腺癌具有保护作用.在这类膳食模式上高摄入人群同低摄入人群相比,队列研究合并乳腺癌发生的风险比（95％可信区间）为0.86（0.80～0.92）.结论 富含蔬菜、水果、鱼类和豆类的健康膳食模式对乳腺癌发病具有保护作用.     

Potassium-rich diet and risk of stroke: Updated meta-analysis

Recently a few prospective population studies provided additional and heterogeneous information concerning the reported statistical associations between potassium (K) intake and stroke risk. Therefore, we updated our previous meta-analysis of K intake and risk of cerebrovascular events.Three studies were added to the previous analysis, and the results of the comparison between the event rate in the two extreme categories of K intake were used. Pooled analysis of 14 cohorts (overall 333,250 participants and 10,659 events) showed an inverse and significant association between K intake and risk of stroke (Relative Risk: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72–0.90).Our results indicated a favorable effect of higher K intake on risk of stroke. These results confirm the appropriateness of worldwide recommendations for a population increased consumption of potassium-rich foods to prevent cardiovascular disease.     

伊托必利治疗功能性消化不良的Meta分析

目的 根据现有的临床研究评价伊托必利治疗功能性消化不良(FD)的疗效与安全性.方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、EMBASE、PubMed、Elsevier、科学引文索引数据库、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库中有关伊托必利治疗FD的随机对照试验(RCT)文献,并提取纳入研究的特征信息,计数资料采用相对危险度(RR)值,计量资料采用加权均数差(WMD),根据异质性检验结果选择相应的效应模型,绘制漏斗图评定有无发表偏倚.结果 共有9项RCT符合纳入研究标准,2620例FD中有1372例接受伊托必利治疗,1248例接受安慰剂或其他药物对照治疗.伊托必利对FD患者的总体症状疗效、餐后饱胀疗效、早饱疗效的RR值分别为1.11(95％CI为1.01～1.21,P=0.02)、1.18(95％CI为1.04～1.33,P＜0.01)、1.24(95％CI为1.01～1.53,P=0.04),均优于对照组,但在上腹不适疗效方面差异无统计学意义.Leeds消化不良问卷(LDQ)积分疗效的WMD值为-1.38(95％CI为-1.75～-1.01,P＜0.01)伊托必利伏于对照组.在安全性方面,伊托必利与对照组不良反应发生率相似.各观察指标的漏斗图均基本呈现下宽上窄左右对称的图形,提示无发表偏倚.结论 伊托必利对于FD患者的总体症状、餐后饱胀、早饱、LDQ积分有较好的疗效,且不良反应发生率较低.     

Non-biologic remission maintenance therapy in adult patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine the comparative efficacy of non-biologic treatments for remission maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis.MethodsWe identified all randomized trials comparing leflunomide, azathioprine, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil in adult patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis. Relapse-free survival was compared through hazard ratios (HR) using a Bayesian fixed-effects network meta-analysis. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to explore biases identified in one trial using original trial data.ResultsThree trials were available (leflunomide-methotrexate, methotrexate- azathioprine, azathioprine-mycophenolate). Mycophenolate was inferior to all treatments, although the 95% credible interval (CrI) of the HR relative to methotrexate crossed 1. Leflunomide was superior to azathioprine (HR 0.43 [95% CrI: 0.14–1.3]) and methotrexate (HR 0.47 [95% CrI: 0.18–1.2]), although the 95% CrI also crossed 1. There was a 90% probability that leflunomide was the best treatment. After down weighting the effect of leflunomide vs. methotrexate for early trial termination and slow MTX dose escalation, there remained a 55% probability leflunomide was best.ConclusionBased on indirect evidence, leflunomide is effective in maintaining remission in granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis relative to other non-biologic treatments. Further randomized trials of leflunomide are needed for confirmation.     

Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis

Background and ObjectiveTo combine the results of the best scientific evidence in order to compare the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in sinus rhythm (SR) and to determine the effect of atrioventricular nodal ablation in AF patients.MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, B-On and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched, and manual searches were performed, for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies up to November 2012. The endpoints analyzed were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and response to CRT.ResultsWe included 19 studies involving 5324 patients: 1399 in AF and 3925 in SR. All-cause mortality was more likely in patients with AF compared to patients in SR (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.20–2.37; p=0.002). There were no statistically significant differences in cardiovascular mortality (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 0.92–2.01; p=0.12). AF was associated with an increased likelihood of lack of response to CRT (OR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.15–1.73; p=0.001). Among subjects with AF, ablation of the atrioventricular node was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.22–0.80; p=0.008), cardiovascular death (OR=0.39; 95% CI: 0.20–0.75; p=0.005) and the number of non-responders to CRT (OR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.10–0.90; p=0.03).ConclusionsThe presence of AF is associated with increased likelihood of all-cause death and non-response to CRT, compared to patients in SR. However, many patients with AF benefit from CRT. Atrioventricular nodal ablation appears to increase the benefits of CRT in patients with AF.     

血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶基因多态性与妊娠期高血压关系的Meta分析

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶基因多态性与妊娠期高血压易感性的关系。方法全面检索血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶基因多态性与妊娠高血压关系的病例对照研究,剔除不符合标准的文献,并采用RevMan4.2软件对结果进行统计分析。结果共纳入14篇文献,累计病例985例,对照1065例。各研究间经齐性检验后未发现发表偏倚和明显异质性,ACE基因纯合子缺失型(DD)、ACE基因杂合子插入/缺失型(ID)和ACE基因纯合子插入型(II)合并OR值分别为1.90(95%CI:1.55～2.31)、1.31(95%CI:1.09～1.59)和0.39(95%CI:0.32～0.47)。结论妊娠期高血压疾病的发病与ACE基因I/D多态性有相关性。     

妊娠期体育锻炼干预对自然分娩影响的Meta分析

背景 自然分娩是人类繁衍的正常生理过程，中国剖宫产率超出了世界卫生组织（WHO）提出的警戒线2倍多，而体育锻炼作为一种非药物性的健康干预方式，应引起相关部门的重视。 目的 运用Meta分析方法检验妊娠期体育锻炼对自然分娩影响的干预效果，并提出最优的锻炼方案。 方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（CBM）、维普网中文数据库和PubMed、EMBase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library英文数据库中有关妊娠期体育锻炼干预影响自然分娩结果的随机对照试验（其中干预组以体育锻炼干预为唯一干预方式，对照组进行常规护理知识教育或不进行有规律的体育锻炼），同时追踪相关系统评价所引用的参考文献，检索时间为1990—2021年。提取纳入文献资料，并对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价，采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析，运用GRADE工具对结局指标进行质量评价。 结果 共纳入30篇文献。Meta分析结果显示，干预组自然分娩发生率高于对照组〔RR=1.34，95%CI（1.28，1.40），P<0.000 01〕。亚组分析结果显示，锻炼开始节点对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：>24周、13~24周、≤12周；锻炼内容对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：盆底肌训练、运动课、体操、有氧运动、分娩球、瑜伽；锻炼频率对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：≥12次/周、3~5次/周、6~8次/周、9~11次/周；中等强度的锻炼较低强度的锻炼对自然分娩具有更大的影响；锻炼时长对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：30~<50 min/次、<30 min/次、≥50 min/次；锻炼周期对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：≤8周、17~24周、9~16周、25~34周。绘制体育锻炼干预对孕妇自然分娩影响的漏斗图，结果显示，漏斗图左右两侧基本对称，发表偏倚较小。运用GRADE工具对结局指标进行质量评价，结果显示，妊娠期体育锻炼影响自然分娩的评级为中等级。 结论 孕妇在妊娠期进行一定的体育锻炼对自然分娩结果具有良好的干预效果，且从妊娠期>24周开始锻炼、≥12次/周、30~<50 min/次、持续进行≤8周的中等强度的盆底肌训练、运动课、体操、有氧运动、分娩球以及瑜伽均对孕妇自然分娩的选择具有积极的影响。