三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的临床应用

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的可行性及手术方法。方法:回顾分析为35例患者行三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的临床资料。结果:33例成功完成手术,2例因皮下广泛气肿而直接中转开腹。手术时间85～198 min,平均(125±21.4)min;术中出血量平均(86±7.5)ml;术后均无结石残留、胆漏及死亡病例。结论:在熟练掌握三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的基础上,开展三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术是安全、可行、有效的,更符合微创理念,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下单孔法治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的优势探讨

【摘要】 目的 通过比较腹腔镜下单孔法及双孔法治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床应用,探讨腹腔镜下单孔法在治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝中的优势。方法 通过回顾性分析我科自2006年1月至2011年3月收治的80例小儿腹股沟斜疝患儿,分别采用腹腔镜下双孔法及单孔法缝扎腹股沟斜疝单侧疝囊内环治疗,每组各收治40例,年龄在6个月到5岁范围。结果 在缝合正常大小内环口的病例中,腹腔镜下单孔法缝扎单侧内环口操作时间平均为11.8 min(手术用时范围10~13 min),双孔法操作平均时间为12.3 min(手术用时范围11~14 min);而在缝合较大内环口的用时时间上,单孔法手术用时明显较双孔法手术时间短(11.3 min,14.23 min)。术后随访平均6个月(3个月~1年),手术患儿均无腹股沟斜疝复发。结论 相比较腹腔镜下双孔法高位结扎腹股沟疝疝囊,采用腹腔镜下单孔法高位缝扎腹股沟斜疝疝囊,不仅具有美观、创伤小的优势,同时操作时间较短,更适合治疗较大内环口的腹股沟斜疝。     

Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus

Purpose

Congenital club foot is one of the most common birth defects involving the musculoskeletal system. At present two methods are used for the treatment of this deformity: French and Ponseti method. The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term (up to three years) and long-term (three to seven years) results of treatment with the Ponseti method.

Methods

A total of 195 consecutive infants (143 boys and 52 girls) with idiopathic club foot treated with the Ponseti method in the period of 2005–2012 were included in this study; the total number of feet was 303. The severity of the foot deformity was classified according to Diméglio. When relapse occurred up until three years of age, we started with the casting again. If conservative treatment was unsuccessful we proceeded to surgical treatment.

Results

Primary correction was attained in all cases. Surgical correction of relapses was performed in 30 % of patients according to the Ponseti method (re-tenotomy of the Achilles tendon and transposition of the tibialis anterior) and in 70 % by alternative techniques. The number of relapses indicated for surgery increased with increasing period of follow-up: whereas in patients where the treatment started already in 2005 relapses occurred in 72 %, in patients included in 2011 the number of recurrences only reached 3 %.

Conclusions

It follows from our results that it is impossible to cure all club feet with casting, tenotomy of the Achilles tendon and transposition of the tibialis anterior only.     

软骨细胞接种小孔径聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架的方法选择

目的 探讨软骨细胞接种小孔径聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)支架的最佳接种方法. 方法 实验分3组(n=9):注射组、负压组、振荡组,取纤维蛋白原溶液混悬第2代软骨细胞,采用上述3种方法对孔隙率为92％、孔径为50 ～ 100 μm的PLGA支架进行细胞接种.48 h后,Hoechst33258法检测支架内DNA含量;接种并观察支架内含异硫氰酸荧光素的无细胞纤维蛋白原凝胶的分布;硬组织切片、4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色观察支架内细胞分布.7d后,扫描电镜观察支架表面及内部的细胞形态.各组部分支架(n=3)植入裸鼠皮下,以无细胞PLGA支架为空白对照组,术后8周取出支架行甲苯胺蓝、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色,并计算累积吸光度(IOD)值. 结果 注射组、负压组、振荡组平均DNA含量分别为(755.79±80.50)、(657.32±89.68)、(650.18±106.33)ng/mg,各组比较差异均无统计学意义(F=1.214,P=0.361).无细胞纤维蛋白凝胶在各组中都均匀分布,DAPI染色显示注射组细胞分布较其他两组均匀.扫描电镜显示负压组和振荡组外周细胞较注射组多,而支架孔隙内仅注射组可见细胞黏附.注射组甲苯胺蓝、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色的IOD值均优于其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 对于50 ～ 100 μm的小孑L径PLGA支架,注射法是一种快捷、高效的细胞接种方法.     

Repeated image analyses improves accuracy in assessing arterial flow-mediated dilatation

Objectives. A high degree of variability has been reported regarding the ultrasound-based assessment of flow-mediated dilatation. We wanted to investigate the variability and find out how it might be reduced most efficiently. Design. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was measured by high-resolution ultrasound in 22 healthy adults on two consecutive days. Two observers analysed all images twice. The total variance was split into variance components and estimated hierarchically using the method of restricted maximum likelihood. Results. The relative proportional contributions from intraobserver (residual), interobserver, interpatient and interday variance components, with percentage dilatation as outcome variable, were 0.41, 0.18, 0.25, and 0.15, respectively. Conclusions. The major source of variability when assessing flow-mediated dilatation was found to be intraobserver variability. The simplest way to reduce total variability is for the observer to average results from repeated image analyses. We suggest that three repetitions are sufficient. This will reduce the total variance by 30%.     

下颌角截骨术后咀嚼效率的评估

目的评估下颌角截骨术对患者咀嚼效率的影响。方法选择15例拟行下颌角截骨术（下颌角下颌缘切除合并下颌体部外侧骨皮质劈除术）患者,排除牙周疾病、颞下颌关节疼痛及偏颌等疾病,采用杏仁、小枣过筛称重法,分别测量患者术前、术后1个月及术后6个月的咀嚼效率。结果患者术后1个月与术前相比咀嚼效率明显减小,差异有统计学意义;术后6个月与术后1个月相比,咀嚼效率明显增大,差异有统计学意义;术后6个月与术前相比,差异无统计学意义。结论下颌角截骨术对患者的咀嚼效率无明显影响。     

Magnuson法与Bankart法治疗习惯性肩关节前脱位的疗效比较

目的：比较Magnuson法与Bankart法手术治疗习惯性肩关节前脱位的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年10月广州军区广州总医院采用Magnuson法和Bankart法手术治疗的43例习惯性肩关节前脱位患者的临床资料,其中Magnuson组21例、Bankart组22例。观察两组切口长度、术中出血量和手术时间的差异,采用肩关节功能Neer评分评价术前,术后6、12个月的肩关节功能。结果两组切口长度、术中出血量和手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。43例患者均获随访,随访时间11～18个月（平均15.3个月）。末次随访时两组患者均未再次出现肩关节脱位。与术前比较,两组术后6、12个月肩关节功能Neer评分均较术前有明显改善（P＜0.05）。Bankart组术后6个月肩关节功能Neer评分优于Magnuson组（P＜0.05）,但术后12个月两组Neer评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论对于习惯性肩关节前脱位患者,Bankart法较Magnuson法术后肩关节功能恢复快,但两种术式对肩关节功能的远期改善程度似无明显差别。     

Reliability of assessing the coronal curvature of children with scoliosis by using ultrasound images

Purpose

To investigate the intra- and inter-observer reliability of the coronal curvature asymmetry of children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using the center of lamina (COL) method on ultrasound (US) images.

Methods

A cadaver spinal column phantom which was manipulated to present 30 scoliotic curves of varying severity of scoliotic deformities was scanned using both the US and laser scanner (LS) systems. Three observers of varying experience and skill measured the coronal curvature using the Cobb method on the LS images and the COL method on the US images. All of the measurements were performed twice, with a 1-week interval to reduce memory bias. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), the mean absolute differences (MAD), and the error index (EI) were calculated to determine the agreement on selecting the end vertebrae. In addition, five AIS subjects were scanned using the US system. One observer measured the coronal curvature on the US images twice, and the measurements were compared with the Cobb angle reported in the clinical records.

Results

In the phantom study, the COL method showed high intra- and inter-observer reliabilities, with all ICC values >0.88. The maximum MAD of the COL measurements between different sessions among all observers was <4.1°. The EI values of the US method had similar end-vertebra selections as the LS method. The results of the pilot study showed a high intra-reliability for the US measurements. The measured difference between the Cobb and COL methods was 0.7° ± 0.5°.

Conclusions

The COL method using US images appears to be a very reliable method for measuring the coronal curvature in AIS without the need to expose the patient to radiation.     

Gross motor skill performance in children with and without visual impairments—Research to practice

The aim of this study was to provide an empirical basis for teaching gross motor skills in children with visual impairments. For this purpose, gross motor skill performance of 23, 6–12 year old, boys and girls who are blind (ICD-10 H54.0) and 28 sighted controls with comparable age and gender characteristics was compared on six locomotor and six object control tasks using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition. Results indicate that children who are blind perform significantly (p < .05) worse in all assessed locomotor and object control skills, whereby running, leaping, kicking and catching are the most affected skills, and corresponding differences are related to most running, leaping, kicking and catching component. Practical implications are provided.