Influence of Hazy Weather on Patient Presentation with Respiratory Diseases in Beijing,China

Background: Chronic respiratory disease is an important factor for development of lung cancer. To explorethe influence of hazy weather on respiratory diseases and its variation the present study was conducted. Materialsand Methods: Data from air pollution surveillance from January to October 2014 and case records of visitingpatients in the 263th Hospital of Chinese PLA in the corresponding period were collected to analyze the relevancebetween different degrees of air pollution (hazy weather) and the number of visiting patients in Department ofRespiratory Disease. Results: Air quality index (AQI) of hazy weather had significantly positive association withparticulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and the number of patients with 5 kinds of respiratory diseases i and differentpollutants had distinct influences on various respiratory diseases. Conclusions: The degree of air pollution inBeijing City is in close association with the number of patients with respiratory diseases, in which PM2.5 andSO2 are in more significant influences on all respiratory diseases. This could have essential implications for lungcancer development in China.     

李氏清暑益气汤临床新用

李庭凯教授在多年的临床诊疗过程中,总结了丰富的经验,形成了独特的理论辩证体系.笔者从师待诊观察到导师临床应用清暑益气汤加减治疗疑难杂症取得了较好的疗效,导师所用清暑益气汤是李东垣清暑益气汤出自〈脾胃论〉,方由黄芪、人参、甘草、当归、麦冬、五味子、青皮、陈皮、神曲、黄柏、葛根、苍术、白术、升麻、泽泻等药味组成.本方证是治疗夏季伤暑,四肢困倦,胸脘满闷,汗出口渴,小便赤,大便溏等气阴两虚证.导师在临床运用中谨守病机,灵活变通,现举几例略述之.     

Cold,dry air is associated with influenza and pneumonia mortality in Auckland,New Zealand

The relationship between weather and influenza and pneumonia mortality was examined retrospectively using daily data from 1980 to 2009 in Auckland, New Zealand, a humid, subtropical location. Mortality events, defined when mortality exceeded 0·95 standard deviation above the mean, followed periods of anomalously cold air (t_a.m. = ?4·1, P < 0·01; t_p.m. = ?4·2, P < 0·01) and/or anomalously dry air (t_a.m. = ?4·1, P < 0·01; t_p.m. = ?3·8, P < 0·01) by up to 19 days. These results suggest that respiratory infection is enhanced during unusually cold conditions and during conditions with unusually low humidity, even in a subtropical location where humidity is typically high.     

哈尔滨市极端天气对脑出血死亡的时间序列分析

目的 探讨哈尔滨市寒潮、热日对人群脑出血死亡的影响。方法 收集2008 - 2010年哈尔滨市脑出血逐日死亡数据和哈尔滨市大气污染及气象监测资料,采用基于时间序列的Poisson广义相加模型,在控制了长期趋势、星期几效应及大气污染、气象因素等混杂因素的基础上,分析寒潮与脑出血死亡的关系。结果 2008 - 2010年哈尔滨共发生38 d寒潮、14 d热日;寒潮日发生脑出血死亡人数是非寒潮日的1.27倍（P =0.118）,热日发生脑出血死亡人数是非热日的2.06倍（P = 0.001）;尚未发现寒潮、热日等极端天气对不同职业、年龄、性别、文化程度脑出血患者死亡情况的影响。结论 建议采取有效的气候变化减缓和适应措施,建立极端气候健康风险预警模型,及时发布预警信息,提高居民应对能力,减少极端气候带来的疾病负担和经济负担。     

异常低温阴雨天气对传染病突发公共卫生事件发生的影响

目的 通过分析罕见低温阴雨天气对南宁市传染病突发公共卫生事件发生的影响,为预防控制因极端天气事件导致传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生提供依据.方法 对南宁市2008年初和2012年初的极端低温阴雨天气期间及后延1个月的传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生情况进行分析.结果 极端低温阴雨天气使传染病突发公共卫生事件发生概率升高,且因传染病事件所致的罹患率也明显上升.2012年初传染病事件发生数最多,2008年初因传染病事件所致罹患率最高.2008年初传染病事件所致罹患率分别是2012年同期的1.528倍(x2=40.439,p＜0.001)和2005年来其它各年同期的1.685倍(x2=72.131,p＜0.001).2012年初因传染病事件所致罹患率分别是2005年来其它各年同期的1.103倍(x2=6.187,p＜0.05)和2009-2011年同期的1.384倍(x2=86.419,p＜0.001).结论 极端低温阴雨天气对传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生产生影响,但此期间发生的传染病突发公共卫生事件的病原以有有效疫苗预防的呼吸道传染病事件为主,因此,在经历极端气候条件时,应注重疫苗接种的宣传工作,扩大免疫接种范围,以减少传染病的发生和传播.     

天津地区气象因素对不同人群血压影响的探索研究

[目的]初步探讨气温、相对湿度、天气状况等气象因素对1级高血压、正常高值血压及正常血压人群血压影响的规律。[方法]同期筛选天津市符合纳入排除标准的1级高血压、正常高值血压及正常血压受试者各10例,每日规定时间点测量并连续记录血压1 a;同步记录血压测量期间天津市的气象数据,建立数据库,运用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。[结果]1级高血压组日均收缩压（SBP）、日均舒张压（DBP）和正常高值血压组日均SBP与候均温、日平均气温及相对湿度均呈负相关（r<-0.5,P<0.05）;1级高血压组及正常高值血压组晨SBP与候平均气温、日平均气温及相对湿度负相关程度均最高（r<-0.6,P<0.01）。1级高血压组SBP、DBP与正常高值血压组SBP升高与雾霾相关（P<0.05）、降低与雨天相关（P<0.05）。[结论]气象因素对1级高血压、正常高值血压人群血压有明显影响,需加强气象因素变化时对该两组人群早晨血压的管理。     

Temporal relation between temperature change and FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue

Objectives It has been reported that the prevalence of ¹⁸F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related to outdoor temperature, i.e., more frequent during the colder periods of the year. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal relationship between BAT FDG uptake and temperature. We correlated the prevalence of BAT with average temperatures (divided into five temperature ranges) of seven different durations. Methods One thousand four hundred ninety-five consecutive FDG Positron emission tomography (PET) studies in 1,159 patients (566 male and 593 female, mean age = 60.4 years) were retrospectively reviewed. FDG uptake with distinct patterns compatible with BAT was identified by a consensus of two readers. The local daily average temperature from January 2000 to November 2003 (beginning 60 days before the date of first PET scan) were obtained, and 2-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, and 60-day average temperatures before the date of a PET study were calculated. The prevalence of BAT FDG uptake was correlated with these various average temperatures. Results The daily, 2-day, 3-day, and 7-day average temperature had an inverse relation with the prevalence of BAT, i.e., the lower the temperature, the higher prevalence of BAT. When the temperature was averaged over 14 days or longer, this inverse relationship between the temperature and the prevalence of BAT was no longer preserved. Conclusions Our data suggest that increased FDG uptake in BAT occurs more often as an acute response to cold weather (1–7 days) rather than to prolonged periods of average cold weather.     

Headache and Sferics

Many patients with migraine believe weather is a trigger for their headaches. The objective of this study was to determine if very low frequency sferics, pulse-shaped electromagnetic fields originating from atmospheric discharges (lightning), are precipitating factors. The occurrence of sferics impulses is characterized by a daily, as well as an annual, periodicity and is thought to be associated with various pathological processes. The diaries of 37 women suffering from migraine and tension-type headaches were analyzed over a period of 6 months and correlated with daily sferics activity and other weather phenomena in the area of Giessen, Germany. From October through December (autumn), sferics activity was correlated with the occurrence of migraine (r = 0.33, P<.01); however, there was no correlation in July and August (summer), when the thunderstorm activity had been very intense. In summer, tension-type headaches were associated with other weather parameters such as temperature (r = 0.36, P<.01) and vapor pressure (r = 0.27, P<.05).     

Climate Change and Emergency Medicine: Impacts and Opportunities

There is scientific consensus that the climate is changing, that human activity plays a major role, and that the changes will continue through this century. Expert consensus holds that significant health effects are very likely. Public health and health care systems must understand these impacts to properly pursue preparedness and prevention activities. All of medicine will very likely be affected, and certain medical specialties are likely to be more significantly burdened based on their clinical activity, ease of public access, public health roles, and energy use profiles. These specialties have been called on to consider the likely impacts on their patients and practice and to prepare their practitioners. Emergency medicine (EM), with its focus on urgent and emergent ambulatory care, role as a safety-net provider, urban concentration, and broad-based clinical mission, will very likely experience a significant rise in demand for its services over and above current annual increases. Clinically, EM will see amplification of weather-related disease patterns and shifts in disease distribution. In EM's prehospital care and disaster response activities, both emergency medical services (EMS) activity and disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) deployment activities will likely increase. EM's public health roles, including disaster preparedness, emergency department (ED)-based surveillance, and safety-net care, are likely to face increasing demands, along with pressures to improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, EM's roles in ED and hospital management, particularly related to building and purchasing, are likely to be impacted by efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy efficiency. Climate change thus presents multiple clinical and public health challenges to EM, but also creates numerous opportunities for research, education, and leadership on an emerging health issue of global scope.     

天津地区气象因素对不同人群血压影响的探索研究

[目的]初步探讨气温、相对湿度、天气状况等气象因素对1级高血压、正常高值血压及正常血压人群血压影响的规律。[方法]同期筛选天津市符合纳入排除标准的1级高血压、正常高值血压及正常血压受试者各10例,每日规定时间点测量并连续记录血压1 a;同步记录血压测量期间天津市的气象数据,建立数据库,运用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。[结果]1级高血压组日均收缩压(SBP)、日均舒张压(DBP)和正常高值血压组日均SBP与候均温、日平均气温及相对湿度均呈负相关(r-0.5,P0.05);1级高血压组及正常高值血压组晨SBP与候平均气温、日平均气温及相对湿度负相关程度均最高(r-0.6,P0.01)。1级高血压组SBP、DBP与正常高值血压组SBP升高与雾霾相关(P0.05)、降低与雨天相关(P0.05)。[结论]气象因素对1级高血压、正常高值血压人群血压有明显影响,需加强气象因素变化时对该两组人群早晨血压的管理。