NMDA和非NMDA受体参与介导猫脊髓内脏伤害性信息传递(英文)

目的:研究NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid)和非NMDA受体在介导脊髓内脏痛传入中的作用,方法:气球膨胀(3-15 kPa,20 s)麻醉猫结-直肠诱发脊髓背角痛敏神经元发放,结果:1)扩张结-直肠引起神经元发放增加的为兴奋性型:17个SLA型(短潜伏期突然增加);11个SLS型(短潜伏期渐增);9个LL型(长潜伏期),15个神经元属于抑制性的Inh型,2)67.6％,78.4％和59.5％的膨胀肠诱发兴奋的神经元,分别被微电泳NMDA、使君子酸(QA)和海人藻酸(KA)激活;60％,86.7％和53.3％的Inh神经元也分别被3个酸激活.3)微电泳NMDA受体拮抗剂d,l-2-amino-5-phosphonovalemte(APV)和非NMDA受体拮抗剂6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione(DNQX),分别使兴奋性反应减少35％±10％和65％±14％,DNQX明显强于APV(P<0.05).DNQX使3/7个Inh神经元抑制翻转30％-50％,而APV无效,结论:NMDA和非NMDA受体均参与介导脊髓内脏伤害性信息传递,而非NMDA受体的作用更强。 (责任编辑 李颖)     

姜松鹤教授治疗泄泻经验

姜松鹤教授是第四批全国老中医药专家学术经验工作指导老师、博士生导师,是大连市中医药学会顾问,大连大学中医研究所所长以及中华中医药学会内科专业委员会委员,从事临床工作50余年,对《黄帝内经》《伤寒论》等中医经典精研不辍,临床治疗内科、妇科等疑难杂症屡获奇效,尤其精通脾胃病的诊治,对于泄泻的治疗,姜教授重视脏腑辨证,并认为“五脏六腑皆令人泻,非独脾也”。     

益肾通络方治疗特发性弱精子症的临床研究

目的：探讨益肾通络方治疗特发性弱精子症的临床疗效。方法：将符合诊断标准的80例患者采用随机数字表法分为治疗组50例和对照组30例,治疗组服用益肾通络方,对照组服用五子衍宗免煎颗粒剂,两组均1剂/d,分早晚饭后0.5 h冲服,连服2月后观察疗效。结果：治疗组与对照组有效率分别为84.00%、63.30%;两组精液活动率比较以及精子运动速度比较,二者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗组优于对照组。结论：益肾通络方治疗特发性弱精子症的临床疗效显著。     

去豹骨对鸿茅药酒补肾作用的影响

目的研究去豹骨对鸿茅药酒补肾作用的影响。方法采用房劳型肾虚造模,对比分析加、减豹骨对鸿茅药酒治疗大鼠肾虚的效果。结果加、减豹骨鸿茅药酒均使房劳型肾虚大鼠血清中睾丸酮含量明显升高(P<0.01);去豹骨中、低剂量组睾丸酮含量低于加豹骨组(P<0.05)。结论去豹骨使鸿茅药酒的补肾作用降低。     

Cholera Toxin Inhibitors Studied with High‐Performance Liquid Affinity Chromatography: A Robust Method to Evaluate Receptor–Ligand Interactions

Anti‐adhesion drugs may be an alternative to antibiotics to control infection of micro‐organisms. The well‐characterized interaction between cholera toxin and the cellular glycolipid GM1 makes it an attractive model for inhibition studies in general. In this report, we demonstrate a high‐performance liquid affinity chromatography approach called weak affinity chromatography to evaluate cholera toxin inhibitors. The cholera toxin B‐subunit was covalently coupled to porous silica and a (weak) affinity column was produced. The K_D values of galactose and meta‐nitrophenyl α‐d ‐galactoside were determined with weak affinity chromatography to be 52 and 1 mm , respectively, which agree well with IC₅₀ values previously reported. To increase inhibition potency multivalent inhibitors have been developed and the interaction with multivalent glycopolypeptides was also evaluated. The affinity of these compounds was found to correlate with the galactoside content but K_D values were not obtained because of the inhomogeneous response and slow off‐rate from multivalent interactions. Despite the limitations in obtaining direct K_D values of the multivalent galactopolypeptides, weak affinity chromatography represents an additional and valuable tool in the evaluation of monovalent as well as multivalent cholera toxin inhibitors. It offers multiple advantages, such as a low sample consumption, high reproducibility and short analysis time, which are often not observed in other methods of analysis.     

可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡微弱诱导剂对急性脑梗死早期神经功能恶化的诊断价值研究

目的　观察可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡微弱诱导剂（sTWEAK）在急性脑梗死患者血清中的表达水平,探讨其对急性脑梗死患者早期神经功能恶化（END）的诊断价值。方法　选取2021年1月至12月滨州医学院烟台附属医院收治的100例急性脑梗死患者为观察组,男58例,女42例,年龄（65.52±5.96）岁,体质量指数（BMI）为（22.89±1.31）kg/m²;选取同期体检的30例健康者作为对照组,男19例,女11例,年龄（63.53±6.54）岁,BMI（23.01±1.56）kg/m²。检测所有受试者血清sTWEAK水平。依据“患者入院后72 h内复评美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分较入院时增加2分或2分以上”将患者分为END组（31例）和非END组（69例）,收集患者基线资料和实验室指标。数据分析采用SPSS 19.0软件,急性脑梗死患者发生END的影响因素采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析,sTWEAK对急性脑梗死患者发生END的诊断价值采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评估。结果　观察组血清sTWEAK水平为（276.65±42.03）pg/ml,对照组为（75.31±26.67）pg/ml,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=24.743,P<0.001）。END组入院时NIHSS评分、白细胞计数（WBC）、超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和sTWEAK高于非END组,入院时Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分（ASPECTS）评分低于非END组（均P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示,hs-CRP、HbA1c和sTWEAK水平升高均是影响急性脑梗死患者发生END的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。血清sTWEAK诊断急性脑梗死患者发生END的最佳截断点为275.63 pg/ml,曲线下面积（AUC）为0.859,灵敏度为82.90%,特异度为78.60%。结论　急性脑梗死患者血清sTWEAK水平呈现异常表达,其水平与患者END有一定关系,是影响急性脑梗死患者发生END的独立危险因素,在一定程度上可作为诊断急性脑梗死患者是否发生END的有效指标。     

论《内经》藏象精神理论及其临床应用

《灵枢·本神》是《内经》中较为全面、系统地论述藏象精神现象及其与人体健康、疾病、死亡密切关联的篇章。本文试从分析原文中的藏象精神理论着手,联系《内经》其他篇章中的相关理论和临床实践归纳、整理其在临床诊疗中的现实指导意义。     

铅对新生期长爪沙鼠脏器发育和血液系统的影响

目的 :研究铅对新生期长爪沙鼠脏器发育和血液系统的影响。方法 :选取 6～ 7d的长爪沙鼠 11窝 ,按窝数随机分成对照组、低铅组和高铅组 ,分别隔日腹腔注射乙酸铅溶液 9次染毒 ,测定血铅和血液生理指标 ,并取脑和各脏器称重。结果 :铅染毒组沙鼠的增重明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血铅则明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,血铅与增重呈负相关 (r =- 0 .5 37,P <0 .0 1) ;染毒组的脑、心、肝、肾和睾丸等脏器重量以及红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白 (HGB)、红细胞压积 (HCT)、红细胞平均体积 (MCV)、平均血红蛋白量 (MCH)等指标明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,白细胞数 (WBC)、血小板数 (PLT)、平均血小板体积 (MPV)、血小板压积 (PCT)等指标明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :铅可抑制新生期沙鼠的生长发育 ,造成器官和血液系统的损伤。     

Effect of dimethadione administered intravenously on pancreatic secretion in dogs

Abstract In order to detect both pancreatic excretion of dimethadione (DMO), a weak organic acid, and the effect of pancreatic DMO on secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion, DMO was given intravenously to dogs with pancreatic fistulae at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. DMO was promptly excreted into pancreatic juice; the concentration decreased exponentially as it did in plasma at the highest dose of the compound. At equilibrium of DMO between pancreatic juice and plasma, the DMO concentration in the juice depended directly on that in plasma; the juice/plasma concentration ratios for DMO exceeded 1.0, ranging from 1.7 to 2.1. Pancreatic DMO caused a small but significant decrease in the water, bicarbonate and sodium secretion at non-equilibrium, and in the bicarbonate secretion at equilibrium. A decrease in the bicarbonate secretion may result largely from the buffer action of bicarbonate on protons provided by the undissociated form of DMO. The sum of both bicarbonate and chloride concentrations in pancreatic juice decreased with the increased DMO concentration in the juice, implying that DMO may compete with the secretion of bicarbonate and/or chloride across the apical membrane of the duct cell. Pancreatic DMO can act as a non-specific inhibitor of pancreatic water and electrolyte secretions.