京剧各行当电声门图与嗓音声学检测参数分析与研究

目的探讨我国京剧艺术不同行当的电声门图和声测试的参数特点。方法采用电脑多媒体操作系统，使用Dr．Speech3．0软件，对137名20～64岁不同行当的专业演员发稳态元音屈／ae、／a：／、i：／同步进行声门图和声学测试的检测和分析，并以嗓音健康的普通人群作对照组。结果京剧艺术各行当元音／ae／、／a：／、／i：／声门图和声学测试除Fo差异比较显著外，其他声门图参数Fo、Jitter、Shimmer、NEE、CQ、CQP及声学测试参数Fo、Jitter、Shimmer、NEE均有其不同的参数值，有统计学意义（P〉0．01、P〉0．05）。对照组的各嗓音参数值均在DPSS提供的正常范围内。结论京剧各行当的嗓音有其独特的声学特征，引用Dr．Speech3．0软件可对各行当嗓音参数值进行临床客观检测与评估，对京剧嗓音的训练与保健提供了有益的临床价值。     

母亲声音刺激对缓解住院新生儿操作性疼痛的效果观察

目的 探讨母亲声音刺激对于新生儿足跟采血操作性疼痛的影响。方法 将72名新生儿监护室住院新生儿随机分成干预组（n=35）和对照组（n=37）。对照组实施常规的足跟采血操作,干预组在常规操作的基础上于操作前1 min至操作结束播放预先录制的母亲声音。记录两组新生儿穿刺前后的疼痛评分、啼哭发生和生命体征变化情况。结果 与对照组比较,干预组新生儿穿刺过程中的心率显著降低,血氧饱和度显著增高,哭闹发生率和疼痛评分显著降低（P < 0.05）。结论 母亲声音刺激有利于减少新生儿操作性疼痛,保持生命体征稳定。     

智慧病房设计与应用

介绍智慧病房设计,包括整体架构、具体实现路径、实施方法、功能模块及应用效果,指出智慧病房结合人工智能技术有助于提升医院病房综合服务水平及患者就医体验。     

Voice recognition products-an occupational risk for users with ULDs?

BACKGROUND: Voice recognition systems (VRS) allow speech to be converted both directly into text-which appears on the screen of a computer-and to direct equipment to perform specific functions. Suggested applications are many and varied, including increasing efficiency in the reporting of radiographs, allowing directed surgery and enabling individuals with upper limb disorders (ULDs) who cannot use other input devices, such as keyboards and mice, to carry out word processing and other activities. Aim This paper describes four cases of vocal dysfunction related to the use of such software, which have been identified from the database of the Voice and Speech Laboratory of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear infirmary (MEEI). METHOD: The database was searched using key words 'voice recognition' and four cases were identified from a total of 4800. RESULTS: In all cases, the VRS was supplied to assist individuals with ULDs who could not use conventional input devices. Case reports illustrate time of onset and symptoms experienced. CONCLUSION: The cases illustrate the need for risk assessment and consideration of the ergonomic aspects of voice use prior to such adaptations being used, particularly in those who already experience work-related ULDs.     

Voice quality after CO2 laser cordectomy—What can we really expect?

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic management of laryngeal carcinoma has gained popularity among laryngologists based on the good oncologic and functional results. We evaluated the voice quality after laser cordectomy for early glottic cancer in a variety of vocal situations and its relation with the extension of resection and the age. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of voice quality in 42 consecutive male patients treated for T1 glottic carcinoma with laser cordectomy. Patients were compared with 21 controls. Voice quality was self-assessed by the patients. Perceptual analysis was done by a speech pathologist on a running speech sample [GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenicity, strain)]. Acoustic analysis included fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (N/H), and maximum phonation time (MPT) on the sustained vowels /a/ and /i/, and on various running speech voice samples. RESULTS: Distribution of the patients included in the study by T classification was as follows: Tis, n = 2 (4.8%); T1a, n = 35 (83.3%); and T1b, n = 5 (11.9%). Cordectomy types were: (I), 14%; (II), 26%; (III), 21%; and (V), 38%. Voice improved in almost 60% of patients, returning to normal in 45%. GRBAS showed significant differences between patients and controls and correlated with type of cordectomy. Acoustic analysis showed significant differences in F0, and jitter, with smaller differences in shimmer, N/H, and MPT. CONCLUSION: Voice quality after laser cordectomy differs from controls, but improves in a majority of patients after the surgery, with almost 50% of patients with subjective normal or near normal voice. Voice quality depends on type of cordectomy.     

IEEE 802.11 WLAN多业务综合传输性能分析

研究了IEEE802．11标准中的多址接入协议(MAC)在数据、语音业务综合传输情况下的性能。数据业务由分布协调功能(DCF)传送,语音业务由点协调功能(PCF)传送。通过仿真,评估了协议参数对网络通过量和平均MAC协议数据单元(MPDU)时延的影响。确定在一定数据通过量前提下IEEE802．11能支持的最大语音用户个数。特别地,语音业务对时延抖动敏感,指出了影响其抖动性能的主要因素。数值结果表明,合理选择参数对性能至关重要,IEEE802．11性能必须在语音站点数量和数据业务通过量之间进行折衷。最后。通过理论推导验证了仿真结果的正确性。     

The role of sensory dysfunction in the development of voice disorders,chronic cough and paradoxical vocal fold movement

Sensory function may be important in the pathogenesis of Chronic Cough (CC) and Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement (PVFM). This paper aims to explore sensory issues related to the pathogenesis, classification, assessment and management of these conditions. Sensory disruption of the vagus nerve can occur through neural plasticity whereby a change occurs in the way a central neuron reacts to an incoming stimulus. Such disruption can be demonstrated through assessment of cough reflex sensitivity and extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness both of which may be increased in CC and PVFM. In addition, sensory function may be determined by measuring the laryngeal adductor reflex, however this phenomenon is yet to be explored in CC and PVFM. The similarity in sensory dysfunction between CC and PVFM provides support for a link between the two conditions. There are also similarities in underlying medical conditions and symptom profiles between CC/PVFM and voice disorders such as muscle tension dysphonia. Although coughing and throat clearing may be contributing factors in the development and maintenance of voice disorders, they may occur in response to extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness. Dysphonia can occur in CC/PVFM and may improve following behavioural treatment of CC.     

The implementation of evidence-based practice in the management of adults with functional voice disorders: A national survey of speech-language pathologists

Abstract

This study examined Australian speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) use of evidence-based practice (E³BP) when treating adults with functional voice disorders (FVDs). It was hypothesized that SLPs would report using the available evidence to care for their clients but may be limited by time and skills. Fifty-eight SLPs completed a 26-item survey. A combination of indirect and direct voice therapy was most frequently reported, with hum and nasal consonants, pitch extension, elimination of glottal attack, and diaphragmatic breathing being the most frequently used techniques. In the absence of higher levels of evidence, 98% of respondents reported they relied on clinical experience to guide their clinical decision-making. Despite a lack of research evidence supporting this decision, SLPs also reported simultaneously using a combination of direct voice therapies to cater to the needs of their individual clients. Barriers to EBP were lack of time, specialty training and high quality evidence. To improve SLPs’ management of adults with FVDs, it is suggested that SLPs need both greater access to voice training and to use practice-based evidence by actively collecting and reporting clinical data.