电子鼻技术应用于白及及其近似饮片快速辨识的可行性分析

目的：探讨电子鼻技术应用于白及及其近似饮片快速辨识的可行性。方法：收集134批白及及其近似饮片（白及45批、天麻30批、玉竹30批、黄花白及29批）作为待测样品,使用PEN3型电子鼻采集样品嗅觉感官数据作为自变量X,基于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》和地方标准的鉴别结果,以及各饮片高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱和原始采购信息,获得辨识模型的标杆数据Y,分别采用主成分分析-判别分析（PCA-DA）、偏最小二乘法-判别分析（PLS-DA）、最小二乘法-支持向量机（LS-SVM）及K-最近邻（KNN）4种化学计量学方法建立45批白及与89批非白及的二分类辨识模型和上述4种饮片的四分类辨识模型Y=F(X)。结果：经留一法交互验证,在二分类辨识中,上述4种模型分类正判率分别为97.01%、97.01%、98.51%和97.01%;在四分类辨识中,这4种模型分类正判率分别为97.76%、89.55%、98.51%和97.01%。二分类和四分类辨识模型的最高正判率均可达到98.51%,且均以LS-SVM算法为最优,最优核函数分别选择径向基核函数和线性核函数。最优模型判别结果良好,没有未分类样...     

Self-Reported Frailty Screening Tools: Comparing Construct Validity of the Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire and FRAIL

ObjectivesWe examined the construct validity of 2 self-reported frailty questionnaires, the Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire (FPQ) and FRAIL, against the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty phenotype (CHS-FP).DesignCross-sectional data analysis of longitudinal prospective cohort study.Settings and ParticipantsWe included data from 230 older adults (mean age: 67.2 ± 7.4 years) from the “Longitudinal Assessment of Biomarkers for characterization of early Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenic Obesity in predicting frailty and functional decline in community-dwelling Asian older adults Study” (GeriLABS 2) recruited between December 2017 and March 2019.MethodsWe compared area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), agreement, correlation, and predictive validity against outcome measures [Short Physical Performance Battery, 5 times repeat chair stand (RCS-5), Frenchay activities index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, life-space assessment, Social Functioning Scale 8 (SFS-8), EuroQol-5 dimensions (utility value)] using logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and vascular risk factors. We examined concurrent validity across robust versus prefrail/frail for inflammatory blood biomarkers [tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition [bone mineral density (BMD); appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI)].ResultsPrevalence of prefrail/frail was 25.7%, 14.8%, and 48.3% for FPQ, FRAIL, and CHS-FP, respectively. Compared with FRAIL, FPQ had better diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.617 vs 0.531, P = .002; sensitivity = 37.8% vs 18.0%; specificity = 85.6% vs 88.2%) and agreement (AC1-Stat = 0.303 vs 0.197). FPQ showed good predictive validity [RCS-5: odds ratio (OR) 2.38; 95% CI: 1.17–4.86; International Physical Activity Questionnaire: OR 3.62; 95% CI:1.78–7.34; SFS-8: OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–5.89 vs FRAIL: all P > .05]. Only FRAIL showed concurrent validity for CRP, compared with both FPQ and FRAIL for TNF-R1. FRAIL showed better concurrent validity for BMD, FMI, and possibly ALMI, unlike FPQ (all P > .05).Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results support complementary validity of FPQ and FRAIL in independent community-dwelling older adults. FPQ has increased case detection sensitivity with good predictive validity, whereas FRAIL demonstrates concurrent validity for inflammation and body composition. With better diagnostic performance and validity for blood biomarkers and clinical outcomes, FPQ has utility for early frailty detection in the community setting.     

促细菌快速生长繁殖因子的研究

目的 通过对促细菌快速生长繁殖因子即细菌培养基成分进行科学配比研究,促使细菌能快速生长繁殖,并在同一体系内同时对细菌进行鉴定防止耐药菌株泛滥作了初步探讨^[1,2]。方法 采用V型板体系内培养,并同时进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果 细菌鉴定报告时间缩短至4～8小时,与常规方法对比其中标准菌株符合率为100%,临床分离株符合率为98%。结论 初步建立了细菌检验的快速常规程序,使临床细菌学检验更好的为临床提供正确,及时的诊断依据。     

含灯盏花中成药DNA提取及其分子鉴定

目的:优选适用于含灯盏花中成药的DNA提取方法和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增引物,并通过测序和系统发育分析实现对其原料灯盏花的分子鉴定。方法:采用4种十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改良方法对3种含灯盏花的中成药进行DNA提取,测定DNA的纯度和浓度。采用内转录间隔区(ITS)、matK、psbA-trnH、rbcL位点通用引物对提取的中成药DNA进行PCR扩增,并对PCR扩增最佳位点进行测序,通过构建系统发育树进行分子鉴定。结果:4种CTAB改良方法均能获得含灯盏花中成药DNA,其中CTAB改良方法一提取的DNA质量浓度显著高于其他改良方法;PCR扩增中以matK位点2对引物(matKXF/matK5R或matK3F/matK1R)最佳,可通过1次PCR成功获得具有单一条带且浓度较高的PCR产物,序列与灯盏花对照药材同源性为100%,系统发育树显示可与同属其他植物区分。结论:通过CTAB改良方法一可以有效提取含灯盏花中成药样品的DNA,采用matK位点引物matKXF/matK5R或matK3F/matK1R进行1次PCR扩增并对产物进行测序,通过序列比对可完成其原料灯盏花的鉴定。     

用二核苷酸简单串联重复顺序多态位点进行中国人个体鉴别

为建立二核苷酸简单串联重复顺序（ＳＴＲ）多态位点个体鉴别技术系统，应用６个位于不同染色体呈共显性传递的二核苷酸ＳＴＥ多态位点进行中国汉族人个体鉴别研究，这６个位点是Ｄ１Ｓ１０３、Ｄ４Ｓ１７５、Ｄ５Ｓ１０７、Ｄ１９Ｓ４９、Ｄ６Ｓ８９及Ｄ９Ｓ５８。结果显示：（１）６个ＳＴＲ位点基因型数１４～３９个，等位片段数０～２０个；（２）杂合度观察值及估测值分别为０．６５～０．９１及０．６３～０．９３．多态信息含量０．５９～０．９０；（３）６个位点均符合Ｈａｒｄｙ－Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ平衡；（４）６个位点１５次配对分析中，未见非随机关联；（５）６个位点的亲子关系排除概率０．９９；（６）普通群体中两个无亲缘关系随机个体间６个位点基因型完全一致的概率在１．７×１０－１２～９．２×１０－３３间。结果表明，应用这六个二核苷酸ＳＴＲ位点适于亦足以在中国汉族人中进行个体鉴别．故将此检测及数据处理系统，命名为ＤＮＡ身份号码。     

用双剂量实验数据分析药物的米氏消除参数的识别问题

本文分析了给药剂量对按一级过程吸收，米氏过程消除药物的血药浓度的峰值与达峰时间的影响。并据此讨论了利用较少的双剂量实验数据改善识别米氏参数的方法。     

中药地榆的性状及显微鉴定

研究国内来源于地榆属8个不同种、变种与变型的地榆及2种混淆品的生药性状、组织构造及其粉末的鉴别特征,并分别列出生药性状、组织构造及粉末特征的检索表。     

分清五淋丸的薄层色谱鉴别

目的寻找控制分清五淋丸质量的方法。方法利用薄层色谱对其中大黄、黄柏、黄芩和栀子4种主药进行检出研究。结果样品不仅与黄连素、黄芩素和栀子甙对照品有一致的层析斑点,且与对照药材有一致或基本一致的层析斑点。结论薄层色谱方法是控制分清五淋丸质量的有效方法。