Value of preoperative urine white blood cell and nitrite in predicting postoperative infection following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a meta-analysis

BackgroundTo evaluate to what degree preoperative urine white blood cell (WBC) and urine nitrite (NIT) values are predictive of postoperative infections following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).MethodsA systematic literature search was performed of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ or VIP) online databases to identify relevant studies that examined the predictive value of urine WBC or NIT as risk factors for post-PCNL infection, and the search was finished on February 28, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the relevant studies, extracted necessary data from the eligible case-control studies (CCS), and assessed the quality of included studies through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). RevMan 5.3 software and the Stata 16.0 software were used to complete the statistical analysis of data. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAccording to the statistical analysis of 12 eligible studies involving 6113 patients, positive urine WBC (WBC+: OR =3.86, 95% CI: 3.03–4.91, P<0.001) and positive NIT (NIT⁺: OR =7.81, 95% CI: 5.44–11.21, P<0.001) in preoperative tests were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative infections following PCNL.ConclusionsIn summary, as risk factors for postoperative infections, the presence of preoperative urine WBC+ and NIT+ should be evaluated as part of clinical procedure, in order to reduce infections of PCNL.     

“三位一体”个案干预模式对北京地区HIV/AIDS患者ART启动时间和治疗依从性影响

目的　本研究探讨了一种由医生、护士和非政府组织共同参与的“三位一体”个案干预模式,用以缩短从确诊HIV感染到开始抗反转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy, ART）的时间,提高患者的依从性,改善ART效果。方法　将2012年1月—2013年12月在北京佑安医院确诊的HIV/AIDS患者作为对照组,接受常规诊疗程序。2015年1月—2016年12月确诊的HIV/AIDS患者作为干预组,接受“三位一体”个案干预模式。比较2组ART启动时间及治疗依从性的差别及可能的影响因素。结果　共纳入患者4906例,对照组1549例,干预组3357例。干预组从确诊到接受ART的中位时间为35 d,远少于对照组的56 d（Z=-10.087,P=0.001）。与对照组相比,干预组患者有更好的治疗依从性（89.2% vs. 95.3%,P=0.000）。 ART启动时间与个案干预模式的实施存在线性关系,且呈负相关。结论　接受“三位一体”个案干预模式的HIV/AIDS患者能更快的启动ART,有更好的治疗依从性和队列保持率,可以在全国实施HIV个案干预模式,减轻AIDS负担。     

Immunoaffinity chromatography for purification of Salbutamol and Clenbuterol followed screening and confirmation by ELISA and GC-MS

Screening and confirmatory methods for the determination of Salbutamol (SAL) and Clenbuterol (CL) in swine urine were established. The polyclonal antibody against SAL was prepared, which was used to develop the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the limit of detection of 0.5 ng/ml, and to prepare the immunoaffinity chromatography column. The immunoaffinity column could extract and purify SAL and CL simultaneously, with a binding capacity of 400 ng for SAL and 416 ng for CL. After purification, the swine urine samples were screened by ELISA for the presence of SAL and/or CL, and the positive samples were further confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that 95% of the positive samples were confirmed by GC-MS with various levels of SAL (1.1-4.6 ng/ml) and/or CL (1.9-229.1 ng/ml) residues in the incurred samples, and all the negative samples were confirmed with no SAL and/or CL residues.     

Comparison of the diuretic effect and absorption of a single dose of furosemide and free and the fixed combinations of furosemide and triamterene in healthy male adults

Summary The absorption and diuretic effect of furosemide 40 mg alone (F), and of the free (F+T) and the fixed (FT) combinations of furosemide 40 mg and triamterene 50 mg have been compared in 12 healthy young men.A slight reduction in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of plasma furosemide was found for the fixed combination (AUC₄₈₀) F 2.58 g · h · ml^–1; F+T 2.46 g · h · ml^–1; FT 1.97 g · h · ml^–1. There was a significant reduction in the AUC₄₈₀ of plasma triameterene (F+T 204.9 g · h · l^–1; FT 130.2 g · h · l^–1). Sodium excretion after F+T and FT was more pronounced than after F (F+T 302 mmol; FT 311 mmol; F 259 mmol). When compared to F alone, there was a reduction in the 24-hour potassium excretion after F+T as well as after FT (F 121 mmol; F+T 104 mmol; FT 107 mmol).It is concluded that the absorption of triamterene was significantly reduced after ingestion of the fixed combination tablet. However, in healthy male adults this had no influence on its natriuretic and potassium-sparing effect as compared to the free combination.     

银屑病患者血清及尿中表皮生长因子的检测及意义

目的：评价表皮生长因子（EGF）在银屑病发病中的意义。方法：应用放射免疫法分别检测血清及尿液中EGF含量。结果：银屑病患者血清及尿液中EGF均显著升高。结论：EGF在银屑病初次发病及复发中起着重要的作用。     

膀胱肿瘤患者中表皮生长因子水平临床意义

目的 :对 12 7例不同年龄结构的正常人群和 2 8例膀胱肿瘤患者尿中 EGF水平进行测定。 方法 :采用I1 2 5 - EGF的放射免疫法测定 EGF水平。 结果 :小儿组 (15例 ) EGF浓度 (31.19± 7.46 ) μg/L;正常人群组 (92例 )EGF浓度 (16 .5 2± 1.6 9)μg/L ;膀胱肿瘤组 (2 8例 ) EGF浓度 (14.6 4± 1.86 )μg/L ;前列腺增生组 (BPH,2 0例 ) EGF浓度 (7.91± 1.11)μg/L。膀胱肿瘤组与正常人群组比较有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;年龄的变化也有统计学差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。 结论 :EGF与年龄有相关性 ;EGF是一个较可靠、灵敏的指标有助于膀胱肿瘤的早期诊断     

反相气相色谱法测定溶剂在PBMA中的无限稀释活度系数

用反相气相色谱方法测定了１６种溶剂在聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯（ＰＢＭＡ）中３４３￣４３３Ｋ范围内的无限稀释活度系数,并用周浩等的高分子溶液分子热力学模型对实验结果进行了关联,结果令人满意。     

糖尿病和糖尿病肾病患者白蛋白、β_2-微球蛋白、粘蛋白含量及l~(131)邻碘马尿酸钠肾图分析

[目的 ]观察糖尿病及糖尿病肾病时尿白蛋白、β2 微球蛋白、粘蛋白含量及I13 1 邻碘马尿酸钠肾图曲线变化关系 .[方法 ]用放射免疫检测法测定白蛋白、β2 微球蛋白、粘蛋白 ,I131 邻碘马尿酸钠肾图采用核多功能测定仪的两个放射性探测器直接在体表分别探测两肾区的时间 放射性曲线 .[结果 ]78例糖尿病患者中尿白蛋白、血尿 β2 微球蛋白和尿粘蛋白均增高 ,但血粘蛋白无变化 ;18例行I131肾图 ,其中有 1例肾图曲线的C段排泄有变化外 ,其余正常 .40例糖尿病肾病患者中尿白蛋白、血尿 β2 微球蛋白、尿粘蛋白明显增高 ,血粘蛋白改变不明显 .I131 邻碘马尿酸钠肾图曲线随着血糖及尿白蛋白、血尿 β2 微球蛋白、尿粘蛋白含量的增高而出现不同类型的改变 .[结论 ]尿白蛋白、血尿 β2 微球蛋白、尿粘蛋白对糖尿病肾病具有早期诊断价值 ,与此同时结合I131 邻碘马尿酸钠肾图 ,可更全面了解和评价全肾功能损伤情况     

正常人尿中单羟酚类物质含量的测定研究

目的：确定正常人尿中单羟酚衍生物（ＭＨＰ）含量范围。方法：采用可见分光光度法,定量测定１８～６０岁各类正常人及ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性携带尿液中单羟酚类物质。结果：ＭＨＰ含量与年龄、性别有一定的,１９９４例健康人尿中ＭＨＰ含量为正态分布,第９５百分位数的ＯＤ值上限为０．３,对应酷氨酸含量是２．４６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,而ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性携带者尿液ＭＨＰ与正常人无显著性差异。结论：此实验结果在运用ＭＨＰ进行肿瘤筛查时,