Advanced parental age is an independent risk factor for term low birth weight and macrosomia

We aimed to investigate association between parental age and the risks of term low birth weight and macrosomia.This was a retrospective cohort study using a national database including 2,245,785 term singleton live births with complete parental age data. Old parental age was defined as 35 years or older. Odd ratios (OR) for term low birth weight and macrosomia were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Neonatal sex, maternal occupation, parity, nationality, age, and paternal age were significant factors of term low birth weight and macrosomia, in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, old maternal age (≥35 years old) showed increased odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (aOR = 1.122, 95% CI: 1.083 –1.162; and aOR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.143 – 1.189, respectively). Similarly, old paternal age (≥35 years old) showed increased odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (aOR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.058 –1.122; and aOR = 1.101, 95% CI: 1.083 – 1.119, respectively). Maternal education that lasted more than 12 years had reduced odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (OR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.792 –0.842; and OR = 0.894, 95% CI: 0.879 – 0.91, respectively). Paternal education that lasted more than 12 years also had reduced odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (OR = 0.865, 95% CI: 0.84 –0.892; and OR = 0.897, 95% CI: 0.881 – 0.913, respectively).This study suggests that not only maternal age but also paternal age are significantly associated with term low birth weight and macrosomia. In addition, parental education levels are also associated with term low birth weight and macrosomia.     

Age and sex effects on brain morphology

1. 1. Brain morphology can be assessed readily in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

2. 2. In this study, the effects of age and sex on whole-brain morphology were examined using an operator-controlled computer-segmentation protocol.

3. 3. Results indicated that age was associated with gray-matter volume reduction.

4. 4. Brain-size differences between males and females were primarily attributable to whitematter volume.

5. 5. This study confirms the importance of controlling for age and sex in brain-morphology studies.

     

基于分形学理论评价低氧性肺血管重塑

目的 应用分析维数方法评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺血管树空间结构重塑随氧分压的变化规律.方法 分别对106例COPD患者及100例非COPD健康对照者进行CT扫描并进行血气分析.应用后处理软件形成肺血管树,以ImageJ软件计算外周肺血管树分形维数(FD);比较对照组与COPD组FD值;分析COPD患者FD改变与动脉血氧分压的相关性.结果 COPD组外周肺血管树FD显著低于对照组(t=5.21,P＜0.01).COPD患者FD与动脉血氧分压存在显著正相关性(r=0.692,P＜0.01).结论 FD分析能够有效评估COPD患者病程中肺小血管(动脉及静脉)重塑,COPD患者肺血管树FD值与氧分压显著相关,一定程度验证了低氧在肺血管重塑过程中的作用.     

决策树分析在医学信息管理教学实践中的应用

决策树法为卫生管理者提供了一个有价值的作决策的工具,它是用树状图法来描述各种方案在不同情况下的收益,据此计算每种方案的期望收益从而作出决策的方法,是较常用的风险型决策法.应用决策树分析法构建我校信息管理专业课及专业基础课的教学方案,得出了外校和本校教师相结合进行教学的办法是可行的方案的结论.     

中青年腰椎间盘突出症家庭康复护理

目的探讨中青年腰椎间盘突出症康复护理的方法及效果。方法急性期绝对卧硬板床做牵引治疗（以骨盆牵引法为主）;慢性期注意劳逸结合及腰部活动幅度,红外线照射以活血消肿;康复期注意腰肌、背阔肌功能锻炼。结果42例病人中急性期绝对卧硬板床结合牵引治疗〉60d者10例,随访6个月治愈率达100％,绝对卧床41-60d有7例,治愈6例（86％）;绝对卧床21～40d有14例,治愈10例（71％）;绝对卧床〈20d有11例,治愈5例（45％）,6例暂时症状消失或疼痛减轻,复发经久不能根治。结论中青年腰椎间盘突出经绝对卧硬板床结合牵引治疗足够的时间,治疗效果较好。     

颈动脉粥样硬化病变在不同年龄段冠心病患者中的特点分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者超声检测的颈动脉粥样硬化病变过程和年龄增长的关系.方法:根据年龄将116名冠心病患者分为5组:＜45岁为第1组,45～54岁为第2组,55～64岁为第3组,65～74岁为第4组,＞74岁为第5组,用高分辨率超声检测所有冠心病患者和11名正常对照者的颈动脉内径、IMT、斑块及其数量,计算动脉半径和IMT的比值(R/IMT).对不同年龄段冠心病患者及正常对照者的检测值进行比较.结果:除R/IMT外,冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变各指标与年龄呈直线相关,但相关程度均不高,其中IMT与年龄的相关程度明显低于无冠心病及主要危险因素者.IMT和斑块发生率呈线性相关(r=0.316).斑块发生率、斑块数、IMT和颈动脉内径在不同年龄段冠心病患者间差异显著,但R/IMT的差异仅有临界性统计学意义,两两比较结果:斑块发生率在第4组和1、2组间有显著差异,P值分别小于0.05和0.01;斑块数在1组和4、5组间有显著差异,P＜0.05,在2组和4、5组间也有显著差异,P＜0.01;IMT在1组和4、5组及2组和5组间均有显著差异,P＜0.05;颈动脉内径在4组和1、2、3组间均有显 著差异,P＜0.01;R/IMT仅在2组和5组间有显著差异,P＜0.05.结论:(1)冠心病患者超声检测的颈动脉粥样硬化病变与年龄增长有显著的相关性,但年龄增长的生理性影响较弱.(2)65岁左右颈动脉自身代偿能力可能达到最大.     

银川地区213名正常人口服葡糖耐量试验结果

作者等在进行银川地区糖尿病患病率调查的同时,对213名正常成人进行口服葡糖耐量试验,发现该地区受试者各时限血糖均值较外地报道的数值为高,变异程度也大。造成这种结果的原因,经推测是由于本组受试者包括了一部分高龄人群,且受试者中66.7％为回民,他们的某些特殊饮食习惯(如嗜饮糖茶等)可能对糖耐量有所影响。     

高龄肺炎患者的护理干预

目的：探讨老年高龄肺炎患者的护理干预效果。方法：回顾性分析40例老年高龄肺炎患者的临床和护理要点。结果：患者临床表现多不典型,经基础、心理、饮食等护理。经过积极治疗及护理后,总有效率是90%。结论：对老年高龄肺炎患者来说,给予全面、科学、合理、细致的护理,可提高治愈率及患者的生活质量。