超声鉴别良恶性淋巴结价值探讨

目的　分析探讨多普勒超声鉴别良、恶性淋巴结的价值。方法　选择 13 2例淋巴结增大病例 ,按病理或抗感染治疗结果分为淋巴结炎 86例 (组 1)、淋巴结结核 14例 (组 2 )、恶性淋巴瘤 10例 (组 3 )、转移性淋巴结 2 2例 (组 4) ,用高频探头及彩色多普勒 (CDFI)对其进行图像分析和数据测定。结果　组 1增大淋巴结周围多可见毛玻璃样炎性反应区 ,动脉血峰值流速 (Vp)为 ( 2 2 75± 8 0 0 )cm/s ,阻力指数 (RI)为 0 62± 0 0 3 ;组 2早期淋巴结周围也可见炎性反应区 ,后期有淋巴结融合、坏死液化及钙化 ,Vp为 ( 19 42± 13 2 2 )cm/s ,RI为 0 72± 0 0 9;组 3大多淋巴结内可见丰富的分支状或紊乱血流 ,部分有“穿结征”或动静脉分流 ,Vp为 ( 2 6 69± 2 0 3 5 )cm/s ,RI为 0 78± 0 2 3 ;组 4多有恶性肿瘤病史或可找到原发病灶 ,淋巴结内也可见动静脉分流现象 ,Vp为 ( 5 5 5 4± 41 87)cm/s ,RI为 0 81± 0 13。结论　①异常形态淋巴结 +“穿结征”或动静脉分流其中一项可初步判定为恶性。②异常形态淋巴结 +高Vp及高RI则不排除恶性可能     

Salicylate enhances necrosis and apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial permeability transition.

Onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) causes both necrotic and apoptotic cell death in cultured hepatocytes. Salicylate lowers the threshold for onset of the MPT. In this study, our aim was to determine whether nontoxic concentrations of salicylate potentiate MPT-mediated cell killing. In necrotic killing models to rat hepatocytes, salicylate (1 mM) enhanced calcium ionophore (Br-A23187)- and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced cell death, which was blocked or delayed by cyclosporin A (CsA, 2 microM), a specific inhibitor of the MPT. In hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), salicylate accelerated cell killing after low-dose TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml), which by itself induced little apoptosis. Salicylate enhancement of apoptosis was associated with onset of the MPT and accelerated caspase 3 activation. Salicylate also augmented killing of MCF-7 human breast tumor cells by etoposide and PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cells by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In conclusion, salicylate potentiates both necrotic and apoptotic cell killing by promoting onset of the MPT. Enhancement by salicylate of MPT-dependent apoptosis may play a role in protection by aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against colon, lung, and breast cancer.     

长春瑞滨诱导人肺癌Calu-3细胞凋亡及机制

目的　观察长春瑞滨 (VRB)诱导人肺癌Calu 3细胞凋亡时Bcl 2和半胱天冬酶 3的表达有无变化。方法　以不同浓度的VRB( 2 0 ,40和 60 μmol·L-1)作用于体外培养的人肺癌Calu 3细胞 2 4h后 ,TUNEL法和吖啶橙染色法观察肺癌细胞凋亡形态学特征 ;流式细胞仪检测肺癌细胞凋亡率和肺癌细胞Bcl 2蛋白表达水平 ;以半胱天冬酶 3荧光分析检测试剂盒测定肺癌细胞半胱天冬酶 3活性。结果　VRB( 2 0 ,40和60 μmol·L-1)处理细胞 2 4h ,TUNEL法及吖啶橙染色均观察到典型的凋亡细胞形态学特征。流式细胞仪检测VRB处理的肺癌细胞凋亡率分别为 ( 3 .1±0 .6) % ,( 7.8± 1 .2 ) %和( 1 9.6± 4.3 ) % ,较对照组 (凋亡率为 0 )显著增高且呈剂量依赖性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;Bcl 2蛋白阳性表达细胞率分别为 ( 3 7.6±6.9) % ,( 2 5 .4±6.2 ) %和( 8.4±2 .5 ) % ,较对照组 ( 4 8.3±7.1 ) %显著降低且呈剂量依赖性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肺癌细胞半胱天冬酶 3活性分别为 ( 3 3 2± 1 6) ,( 4 1 7± 1 1 )和 ( 63 1± 2 7)μmol·L-1·h-1,较对照组 ( 1 95±1 2 ) μmol·L-1·h-1显著增高且呈剂量依赖性(P <0 .0 1 )。结论　VRB可以诱导肺癌细胞凋亡 ,抑制Bcl 2表达及增强半胱天冬酶 3活性     

Anti-inflammatory effect of methoxyphenamine compound in rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of methoxyphenamine compound (MC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats by measurement of proinflammatory cytokines, total and differential white cell counts (WCC) of bronchroalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). METHODS: Adult rat model of COPD (COPD group) was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharides and exposure to cigarette smoke. Treatment groups received different dosage of MC (3, 9, and 27 mg daily, MC group) or prednisone (0.25 mg daily, P group) respectively. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1beta (IL-113), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) of BALF were determined by ELISA. Total and differential WCC were performed after Giemsa staining. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, total and differential WCC in BALF of MC groups were significantly decreased than that of COPD group (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference among MC groups. There was no significa     

Induction of carbohydrate‐specific antibodies in HLA‐DR transgenic mice by a synthetic glycopeptide: a potential anti cancer vaccine for human use

Abstract: Over the last few years, anticancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new exciting area for controlling tumors. In particular, vaccination using synthetic tumor‐associated antigens (TAA), such as carbohydrate antigens hold promise for generating a specific antitumor response by targeting the immune system to cancer cells. However, development of synthetic vaccines for human use is hampered by the extreme polymorphism of human leukocyte‐associated antigens (HLA). In order to stimulate a T‐cell dependent anticarbohydrate response, and to bypass the HLA polymorphism of the human population, we designed and synthesized a glycopeptide vaccine containing a cluster of a carbohydrate TAA B‐cell epitope (Tn antigen: α‐GalNAc‐Ser) covalently linked to peptides corresponding to the Pan DR ‘universal’ T‐helper epitope (PADRE) and to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope from the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The immunogenicity of the construct was evaluated in outbred mice as well as in HLA transgenic mice (HLA‐DR1, and HLA‐DR4). A strong T‐cell dependent antibody response specific for the Tn antigen was elicited in both outbred and HLA transgenic mice. The antibodies induced by the glycopeptide construct efficiently recognized a human tumor cell line underlying the biological relevance of the response. The rational design and synthesis of the glycopeptide construct presented herein, together with its efficacy to induce antibodies specific for native tumor carbohydrate antigens, demonstrate the potential of a such synthetic molecule as an anticancer vaccine candidate for human use.     

Concomitment spread of a renal cell carcinoma beyond the kidney and a transitional cell carcinoma beyond the bladder

We report the case of a 61-year-old man, with a rare combination of two advanced urological tumors: a concomitant spread of an adenocarcinomabeyond the kidney and a urothelial carcinoma beyond the bladder. Wesimultaneously performed a primary curative prostatovesiculectomy anda nephroureterectomy on the right with ileal neobladder. To ourknowledge, a case report of concomitant spread of an adenocarcinomabeyond the kidney (pT3 pN0 M0 G3) and a urothelial carcinoma beyondthe bladder (pT3a pN0 M0 G3) with subsequent curative therapy hasthus far not been published. A combination of the two diseasesdescribed here is obviously a remarkable rarity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

乳腺癌保乳治疗指征初探

目的 探讨原发肿瘤直径大干4．0cm的乳腺癌是否适于保乳治疗。方法 将65例接受保乳治疗的乳腺癌患者按原发肿瘤最大直径的大小分为A、B两组。A组直径4．0～6．0cm，B组直径≤4．0cm。保乳手术前后均给予CAF方案化疗一次。然后再分别给予总剂量为70Gy的外照射。放疗的同时配合化疗。雌、孕激素受体阳性者均给予TAM口服。结果 随访5年，术后局部复发率，A组为5．6％，B组为2．1％；5年生存率，A组为83．3％(15／18)，B组为89．4％(42／47)。结论 原发肿瘤直径4．0cm以上的乳腺癌配合放疗及全身治疗。可初步被认为是保乳治疗的指征。     

草苁蓉提取物对大鼠肝癌前病变模型血清抗氧化酶活性及肿瘤坏死因子的影响

目的 :探讨草苁蓉甲醇提取后进一步分离的水层提取物在大鼠肝脏化学致癌初期对血清抗氧化酶活性和肿瘤坏死因子的影响 ,从而进一步探索其抗致癌作用的可能机制。方法 :按略改良的 Solt- Farber方法建立大鼠肝脏癌前病变模型 ,用草苁蓉提取物 (BR)饲养大鼠 6周后 ,取血测定超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH - PX)、谷胱甘肽 - S-转移酶 (GST)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)的活性和血清中的丙二醛 (MDA )及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量。结果 :草苁蓉提取物在大鼠肝脏化学致癌初期对血清 SOD、GSH - PX、CAT的活性及 TNF-α含量有回升作用 ,并能降低由于癌前病变的形成所增高的 GST活性及 MDA含量。结论 :草苁蓉水层提取物具有抗氧化作用和调节机体免疫功能的作用 ,而这可能是草苁蓉的抗致癌机制之一     

九岩散抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的 :观察九岩散对肿瘤小鼠模型和 3株人肿瘤细胞系的抑瘤作用。方法 :复制 HP2 2 、L ewis、S1 80 实体瘤模型 ,观察九岩散酒提、水提物的抑瘤作用 ;用 MTT法测定不同浓度九岩散对 3株人肿瘤细胞的抑瘤作用。结果 :九岩散对 HP2 2 、L ewis、S1 80 实体瘤小鼠及 3株人肿瘤细胞系均有不同程度的抑瘤作用 ,有明显量效关系。结论 :复方九岩散对实体瘤小鼠和体外人肿瘤细胞有较高的抑瘤作用