交感神经型颈椎病的中医认识及治疗研究概况

交感神经型颈椎病症状繁杂,在临床诊治过程中误诊误治率较高,对其病因病机、诊断及治疗方法的研究,越来越受到临床医生和科研工作者的重视。该文综合近年来部分学术论文,对交感神经型颈椎病的中医病名、中医病机、辨证分型、中医治疗现状的认识和存在的问题进行了总结与分析,以期为交感神经型颈椎病的诊治提供新的思路。     

基于CiteSpace的中医药治疗肺癌知识图谱可视化分析＊

目的 基于CiteSpace工具，对中医药治疗肺癌的文献进行知识图谱可视化分析，探索中医药治疗肺癌的发展状况。方法 在中国知网中检索2009年-2018年中医药治疗肺癌的相关文献，应用CiteSpace3.9.R6软件对作者、机构、关键词绘制知识图谱并进行分析。结果 共纳入文献1050篇，近10年发文量较为稳定。研究学者440位，以徐振晔等为代表；研究机构为352家，以上海中医药大学附属龙华医院为代表；关键词为140个，频次最高的为非小细胞肺癌，聚类显示研究主要包括中医药治疗肺癌临床疗效观察、名老中医诊治肺癌规律分析、生物学机制研究及中西医结合治疗肺癌等方向。应用数据挖掘技术于该领域是目前研究主流，且持续性可观。结论 近10年我国中医药治疗肺癌领域正处于蓬勃发展时期，中医药治疗肺癌具有独特优势，通过图谱初步直观展现了该领域发展脉络、研究热点及前沿趋势，为科研人员提供研究方向。     

西医学历背景护士中医护理基础知识及技能培训内容的构建

目的构建西医学历教育背景的在职护士中医护理基础知识与技能的培训内容。方法通过文献回顾、文献计量学分析、德尔菲专家函询法确定培训内容及权重。结果培训内容包括"中医护理概述""中医护理基本理论""中医护理基本内容""中医护理基本技术"4个一级条目及30个二级条目和105个三级条目。结论构建的西医学历教育背景在职护士中医护理基础知识与技能培训内容的专家积极系数、权威程度较高,意见集中,结果可靠。临床护士中医护理基础知识与技能培训内容的构建能够为各机构中医护理培训提供依据。     

Warthin’s tumour in oral and maxillofacial regions: an 18-year retrospective study of 1084 cases in an eastern-Chinese population

There is little information in the English-language literature regarding Warthin’s tumour (WT) in the eastern-Chinese population. A large retrospective study (1084 primary tumours over a period of 18 years) was carried out to investigate the clinicopathological features (patients’ gender, age and tumour location) of these tumours in this population. A total of 994 (91.7%) patients were male and 90 (8.3%) were female, with a male/female ratio of 11:1. The mean age was 56.48 years (range 20–89 years), with a peak incidence in the fifth to seventh decade (82.1%). The favorite primary site of the tumour was the parotid gland (n = 1055), followed by intra-/peri-parotid lymph nodes (n = 13), upper neck (n = 10), submandibular gland (n = 4) and upper lip (n = 1). Multifocal WTs arose in 9.5% (103 patients) of cases whereas bilateral multifocal WTs were found in 0.65% (seven patients). In 24 (2.2%) patients, WT were found to coexist with other different types of neoplasm synchronously. The most common subtype of metaplasia was the squamous metaplasia (166/250, 66.4%). The usual treatment measure is (bilateral) superficial parotidectomy and the patients should be followed long term, in view of possible metachronous WT, even after prolonged time intervals.     

Is Subjective Outcome Evaluation Related to Objective Outcome Evaluation? Insights from a Longitudinal Study in Hong Kong

Study ObjectivesEmpirical studies investigating the inter-relationships among subjective outcomes and objective outcomes are sparse in the scientific literature. This study examined the relationship between these 2 forms of outcome evaluation data in Chinese adolescents, utilizing longitudinal data.DesignIn Wave 3 and Wave 4 of a randomized group trial, 2,784 Chinese secondary school students responded to the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYDS) assessing objective outcome at pretest (Wave 3) and posttest (Wave 4). Students in the experimental schools also responded to a measure of client satisfaction assessing the subjective outcome of a positive youth development program at posttest (Wave 4).ResultsSubjective outcome evaluation measures (eg, process, program, and effectiveness) at Wave 3 were significantly correlated with CPYDS scores at Wave 4 and difference scores. Subjective outcome evaluation measures also predicted changes in the objective outcome evaluation measures scores across time.ConclusionsThe present findings replicated the previous findings that subjective outcome and objective outcome evaluation findings were intimately related, and subjective outcome measures predicted posttest measures and their changes over time. The present study suggests that subjective outcome evaluation findings may yield useful information regarding program effectiveness in youth work settings.     

中西医结合治疗耐药性肺结核病的临床观察

目的探讨中西医结合治疗耐药性肺结核病的临床疗效。方法选择门诊复治耐药肺结核病患者80例,分成治疗组和对照组。两组患者在给予相同抗结核药物治疗的基础上,治疗组40例,加服中药养阴润肺汤,对照组40例只给予口服抗结核药物治疗,疗程均为1个月。健康对照组40人外周血做对照。结果治疗组痰涂片和痰结核分枝杆菌培养的阴转、病灶吸收好转、血沉恢复正常与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群变化治疗前、后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论中西医联合用药可以更好地改善耐药肺结核病患者免疫状况,促进临床症状的改善。     

Increasing levels of environmental mutagens: Potential for affecting viral evolution and pathogenicity a speculative review

Kava is a traditional beverage of various Pacific Basin countries. Kava has been introduced into the mainstream U.S. market principally as an anti-anxiety preparation. The effects of the long-term consumption of kava have not been documented adequately. Preliminary studies suggest possible serious organ system effects. The potential carcinogenicity of kava and its principal constituents are unknown. As such, kava extract was nominated for the chronic tumorigenicity bioassay conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). At present toxicological evaluation of kava extract is being conducted by the NTP. The present review focuses on the recent findings on kava toxicity and the mechanisms by which kava induces hepatotoxicity.     

中药诱导胃癌及癌前病变细胞凋亡研究进展

目的:探讨中药诱导胃癌及癌前病变细胞凋亡的研究进展。方法:对近年来胃癌及癌前病变细胞凋亡相关文献进行分析、总结,并提出研究中的不足及展望。结果:中药及复方可诱导胃癌及癌前病变细胞凋亡。结论:中药及其复方可通过诱导细胞凋亡,从而治疗胃癌及癌前病变。     

中医药对慢性肾炎患者免疫功能的影响

慢性肾小球肾炎(CGN)是临床常见的肾脏疾病,由多种原因、多种病理类型组成的原发于肾小球的一组免疫性疾病。根据其病理类型和病期不同,临床表现各不相同,呈多样化表现。近期有学者采用中医药调节慢性肾炎患者的免疫功能,从而提高慢性肾炎的临床疗效,延缓其发展进程,取得了可喜的进展。     

中医药调控microRNA治疗银屑病的研究进展

银屑病在临床中的发病率不断攀升，因其皮损泛发，瘙痒、干燥显著，给患者带来了极大的心理压力，严重影响患者的生存质量。西医学对于银屑病机制的研究不断深入，从终端角质形成细胞的病理表现差异，到相关因子和细胞的表达紊乱，再到T淋巴细胞及其亚群的免疫失衡，或是遗传学基因支配的转录异常，形成了复杂而庞大的机制网络体系并产生了诸多学说。近年来随着非编码基因研究的不断延伸，微小核糖核酸（microRNA）参与修饰的多通路效应，干预银屑病的发生发展机制，影响角质细胞的增殖、凋亡、分化等多个方面，对于microRNA的研究可以良好地整合遗传学和免疫学的内容，完善银屑病微观通路中的关键环节，是银屑病病机学中的关键“拼图”，亦成为现代银屑病研究的热点和难点。同时，发挥传统中医药的辨治优势，将具有清热、凉血、解毒、祛瘀等作用的中药复方制剂或丹皮酚、雷公藤多苷、紫草素、姜黄素、赤芍总苷、靛玉红等有效药味单体进行microRNA靶点的探索，并以microRNA作为银屑病基于血分证候辨证分型的依据，可以有机结合银屑病中医学辨证理论与西医学微观指标，更好地挖掘中医中药的治疗特色，指导临床的分型和治疗。现阶段中医学对于microRNA方面的干预性研究仍十分有限，主要围绕microRNA-155、microRNA-210、microRNA-21、microRNA-203、microRNA-320、microRNA-124、microRNA-330、microRNA-146a、microRNA-15a-5p等几个靶点，该文总结了以中药复方和单体通过干预microRNA治疗、辨证银屑病的相关成果，以期为银屑病的中西医研究和基于microRNA数据库的建立提供参考和借鉴。