231例不同季节开颅患者围手术期舌象脉象的观察

观察不同季节231例开颅患者手术前1－3天、手术后1－7天舌象、脉象变化,探讨湿热与季节及手术本身的关系。结果：手术后患者机体湿热化明显,有一定季节特点。舌象、脉象表现为湿热的比例超过60％,与症状频次变化一致,为湿热是术后发热主要病机提供了依据。     

Mental and emotional representations of “weight loss”: free-word association networks in members of bariatric surgery-related social media communities

BackgroundMindset and communication barriers may hinder the acceptance of bariatric surgery (BS) by the eligible patient population.ObjectivesTo improve the understanding of expectations, opinions, emotions, and attitudes toward weight loss among patients with obesity.SettingSwitzerland, Germany, Austria.MethodsSurvey data collected from BS-related social media communities (n = 1482). Participants were asked to write 5 words that first came to their mind about “weight loss,” and to select 2 emotions, which best described their corresponding feelings. Demographic and obesity-related data were collected. Cognitive representations were constructed based on the co-occurrence network of associations, using validated data-driven methodology.ResultsRespondents were Caucasian (98%), female (94%), aged 42.5 ± 10.1 years, current/highest lifetime body mass index = 36.9 ± 9/50.7 ± 8.7 kg/m². The association network analysis revealed the following 2 cognitive modules: benefit-focused (health, attractiveness, happiness, agility) and procedure-focused (effort, diet, sport, surgery). Patients willing to undergo BS were more benefit-focused (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, P = .02) and expressed more “hope” (OR = 142, P < .001). History of BS was associated with higher adherence to the procedure-focused module (OR = 2.3, P < .001), and with increased use of the emotions “gratitude” (OR = 107, P < .001), “pride” (OR = 15, P < .001), and decreased mention of “hope” (OR = .03, P < .001).ConclusionPatients with obesity in our study tend to think about weight loss along 2 cognitive schemes, either emphasizing its expected benefits or focusing on the process of achieving it. Benefit-focused respondents were more likely to consider BS, and to express hope rather than gratitude or pride. Novel communication strategies may increase the acceptance of BS by incorporating weight loss–related cognitive and emotional content stemming from patients’ free associations.     

Three hands: fragmentation of human bodily awareness

We describe patient E.P. who occasionally perceives a ‘ghost' hand which copies the previous positions of the left hand with a 0.5–1 min time lag, but follows the movement patterns of the right hand. The symptoms started after an operation of a ruptured aneurysm, followed by an infarction of the right frontal lobe; E.P. also has a previously lesioned corpus callosum. Neuromagnetic recordings revealed that activity of the left secondary somatosensory cortex was strongly suppressed during the ghost arm percept, thereby providing an objective correlate for E.P.'s sensations. We conclude that simultaneous mental contents about body scheme may be based on neural information extracted at considerably different times, resulting in fragmentation of bodily awareness.     

Body Image Self‐evaluation Colouring Lens: comparing the ornamental and instrumental views of adolescent girls with eating disorders

A new visual measure of body image, the Body Image Self‐evaluation Colouring Lens (BISCL), was used to examine how 22 girls with diagnosed eating disorders evaluated their bodies. Results revealed that the percent of negative body evaluation was significantly higher when girls evaluated their body form as compared to their body function. Girls expressed new insights when comparing their relatively positive evaluation of their body functioning to their generally negative view of their body appearance. They expressed dissatisfaction with body parts that did not conform to their current cultural ideals. The BISCL was correlated in a predictable manner with standardized measures of body dissatisfaction. The promising applications of the BISCL as a clinical and research tool are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.     

三维结构与体视学

基于2012--2013体视学学科发展报告项目和中国体视学学会组织的集体研讨,本文回顾了在体视学（stereology）发展过程中其定义的多样化,探讨了体视学的学科基本特征,进而对体视学的定义与内涵提出新的建议。体视学是不断发展中的研究三维结构的交叉学科和方法学,同时包括基于低维截面或投影数据对三维结构表征参量的统计性推估与结构的三维重建。从投影数据重建三维CT图像属于体视学研究范畴;针对维数大于3的高维结构（三维几何结构＋时间维或其他维）开展体视学理论与方法研究亦很有必要。目前体视学已形成了坚实的理论与方法体系,同时又进入了一个不同方法相互补充、借鉴和协同融合发展的新阶段,有着光明的发展和应用前景。不断推广应用体视学与研究发展体视学新方法仍然是我们面临的两大主题。     

Semi-automated digital image analysis of patellofemoral joint space width from lateral knee radiographs

Objective To design a semi-automated program to measure minimum patellofemoral joint space width (JSW) using standing lateral view radiographs.Design Lateral patellofemoral knee radiographs were obtained from 35 asymptomatic subjects. The radiographs were analyzed to report both the repeatability of the image analysis program and the reproducibility of JSW measurements within a 2 week period. The results were also compared with manual measurements done by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist.Results The image analysis program was shown to have an excellent coefficient of repeatability of 0.18 and 0.23 mm for intra- and inter-observer measurements respectively. The manual method measured a greater minimum JSW than the automated method. Reproducibility between days was comparable to other published results, but was less satisfactory for both manual and semi-automated measurements. The image analysis program had an inter-day coefficient of repeatability of 1.24 mm, which was lower than 1.66 mm for the manual method.Conclusions A repeatable semi-automated method for measurement of the patellofemoral JSW from radiographs has been developed. The method is more accurate than manual measurements. However, the between-day reproducibility is higher than the intra-day reproducibility. Further investigation of the protocol for obtaining sequential lateral knee radiographs is needed in order to reduce the between-day variability.     

Rate of reformation of tongue coatings in young adults

Abstract: Background: Reviewing the literature, no study on the rate of regrowth of tongue coatings after tongue cleaning was found. Therefore, the purpose of this study in young adults was to study the rate of reformation of tongue coatings after mechanical removal. Material and Methods: Thirty‐five dental students participated in the present study. Following preparatory study instructions, baseline examinations were carried out followed by 3 days of observation. At baseline, tongue coating scores (prescraping) were obtained followed by tongue scrapings and determination of the wet weights of the coatings. A second tongue coating score was then obtained within 5 min of the first score (immediate post‐scraping). The subjects returned for repeated tongue coating scores after 1 and 2 days and for final examination after 3 days, which included both tongue coating scores (prescraping and immediate post‐scraping) and determination of the wet weights of the coatings. Results: Prior to scraping the tongue at day 0 (baseline), mean tongue coating amounted to a surface extension of 33% of the entire dorsum of the tongue. Scraping the tongue reduced the score to 9%. On average, tongue coating scores had returned to baseline levels on day 2. The mean wet weights of tongue scrapings at days 0 and 3 were similar and amounted to 0.09 ± 0.07 and 0.09 ± 0.06 g, respectively. Conclusion: If tongue cleaning is to be recommended, the results of this study in dental students indicate that tongue cleaning should be performed on a daily basis.     

基于室内自然光条件采集舌图像色差校正方法的研究

目的：建立基于室内自然光条件下所采集舌图像的色差校正方法,为舌像颜色准确定量分析奠定方法学基础。方法：将尼康D70 610万像素单镜头反光数码照相机分别设置于自动白平衡（未校正）和手动白平衡（硬件校正）模式,拍摄麦克贝斯24色色卡5种红色类色块和154例舌象,应用NIKON CAPURE NX 1．0．1软件对自动白平衡（未校正）拍摄的图像进行软件校正：通过色差值计算、Imatest软件测试、人工判读比较三类图像（未校正、硬件校正、软件校正）的色差情况。结果：色差值计算结果表明,在自动白平衡（未校正）、手动白平衡（硬件校正）、软件校正三种方法中,软件校正图像的总色差值最小;Imatest软件测试结果提示软件校正图像的色差最小;人工判断结果提示,软件校正的舌像颜色与实际舌象的颜色最为接近,符合率最高。结论：室内自然光条件下采集的舌像通过软件校正后,颜色还原真实。该方法操作方便,有着良好的中医临床应用前景。     

2型糖尿病治疗前后舌象客观化指标与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者治疗前后舌诊客观化指标与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:纳入2型糖尿病患者50例作为糖尿病患者组(简称"患者组"),同期纳入健康成年人50例作为正常组。患者组给予健脾清化方治疗3个月,采集患者治疗前后的糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗指标,包括空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、餐后2 h胰岛素(2 h Ins)、空腹游离脂肪酸(FFA)、餐后2 h游离脂肪酸(2 h FFA)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);采用TDA-1型小型舌象仪采集患者的舌象参数,正常组于试验开始时统一采集舌象参数,包括舌质参数(zhiCON、zhiASM、zhiENT、zhiMEAN)及舌苔参数(taiCON、taiASM、taiENT、taiMEAN)。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后患者的糖脂代谢指标及胰岛素抵抗指数均呈下降趋势,其中FIns、FFA、2 h PG水平与治疗前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与正常组比较,患者组治疗前的舌质zhiCON与舌苔taiCON值具有显著性差异(P0.01);与治疗前比较,治疗后患者组的舌质zhiCON、zhiENT值均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01,P0.05),且患者组治疗后的舌象参数更接近正常舌象参数。治疗前的HOMA-IR与舌质参数zhiCON、zhiENT、zhiMEAN呈正相关(P0.05),与zhiASM呈负相关(P0.05);2 h FFA与zhiENT呈正相关(P0.05),与zhiASM呈负相关(P0.05)。治疗后的HOMA-IR、FIns、FFA与舌苔参数taiCON、taiENT、taiMEAN呈正相关(P0.05),与taiASM呈负相关(P0.05,P0.01);FIns与舌质参数zhiCON、zhiENT呈正相关(P0.05),2 h Ins与zhiASM呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:舌象客观化指标与2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗可能具有一定的相关性。