Total endovascular repair of an intraoperative stent-graft deployed in the false lumen of Stanford type A aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016.However,an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently.This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection,and the dissection involved many visceral arteries.CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo.A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection.The ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior.An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen.Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation.An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen,and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen.A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide prefenestration.The computed tomography scan at the 1stmo after surgery showed that the thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection was repaired,with all visceral arteries remaining patent.The patient did not develop renal failure or neurological complications after surgery.CONCLUSION The total endovascular repair for false lumen stent-graft implantation was feasible and minimally invasive.Our procedures provided a new solution for stent-graft deployed in the false lumen,and other departments may be inspired by this case when they need to rescue a disastrous stent implantation.     

Delayed right coronary ostial obstruction after J-valve deployment in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A case report

BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis is the most common valve disease in adults.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)is being increasingly applied for intermediate-to lowrisk patients.Here,we describe an uncommon complication of delayed right coronary obstruction in a transapical TAVI case.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old woman with a EuroSCORE II of 1.21%underwent transapical TAVI because of severe aortic stenosis.The surgical procedure was uneventful.However,during routine monitoring after valve placement,the patient had a sudden onset of slow heart rate,the systolic blood pressure dropped sharply from 115 to 60 mmHg,and the central venous pressure abruptly increased from 10 to 33 cmH2O.The patient had a poor response to vasoactive agents.Transesophageal echocardiography revealed poor myocardial contractility,and electrocardiography showed a significant depression of ST-segment.Another angiography was performed immediately,which suggested complete obstruction of the right coronary artery.An emergency protocol was initiated.Cardiopulmonary bypass was established immediately.An aortic biological valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed.CONCLUSION Perioperative monitoring,early recognition,and diagnosis of obstruction of coronary arteries in TAVI are important.Transesophageal echocardiography is a useful diagnostic and monitoring tool in this situation.Emergency protocols should be established during TAVI.     

单侧通道经皮椎体后凸成形术联合固本益髓灸法治疗老年中上段胸椎体破裂骨折患者的疗效

目的:探讨老年中上段胸椎体破裂骨折患者术期接受单侧通道经皮椎体后凸成形术联合固本益髓灸法对隐性失血及术后血栓风险的影响。方法:选取2020年1月—2021年12月我院收治的老年中上段胸椎骨折伴锥体后壁破裂患者100例,随机分为对照组和研究组,各50例。对照组接受单侧通道经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗,研究组在此基础上联用固本益髓灸法干预。两组术后均接受骨折护理。比较两组患者的疼痛评分、功能障碍指数,并观察两组患者并发症的发生率,观察并比较患者治疗前后凝血四项指标、D-二聚体指标、血液流变学指标以及深静脉血栓(DVT)发生情况。结果:治疗18个月后,两组患者的VAS评分和椎体高度均明显低于治疗前(P＜0.05)。研究组总并发症发生率明显低于对照组(2% vs 14%,X2=4.891,P＜0.05)。研究组治疗后凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平明显优于对照组患者(P＜0.05)。研究组治疗后D-二聚体、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度及血浆黏度水平明显优于对照组患者(P＜0.05)。研究组患者治疗7天、治疗14天血栓DVT发生率均明显低于对照组患者(P＜0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者的ODI评分显著低于对照组,改良日本骨科学会评分(M-JOA)评分高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论:行单侧通道经皮椎体后凸成形术联合固本益髓灸法的中上段胸椎骨折伴锥体后壁破裂患者能达到较好的临床疗效,且术后血栓的发生率也较低。     

Complex airway reconstruction in children with tracheobronchial injuries: a case series

Paediatric airway surgery in the setting of complex tracheobronchial defects is challenging. This report describes the surgical management and outcomes of pericardial flap repair in three children. The first patient was a 4-month-old boy with a history of tracheoesophageal fistula repair who presented after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. He was treated by re-do tracheobronchial reconstruction of the carina using a pedicled pericardial flap. The second patient was an 11-month-old boy who presented following aspiration of a button battery. Bronchoscopy showed erosion of the battery through both main bronchi and the oesophagus. The patient underwent emergency reconstruction of the extensive tracheobronchial defect with pedicled right and left pericardial patches. The third patient was a 5-year-old girl who fell from a swing, resulting in avulsion of the right main bronchus. Pedicled pericardium was used to reconstruct the damaged posterior tracheal wall and the right and left main bronchi. All three patients underwent successful repair of complex tracheobronchial defects with good outcomes in terms of survival and quality of life during 6 to 21 months of follow-up. Pedicled pericardial flap repair may be a viable option for achieving improved results in children with severe tracheobronchial defects.     

胸段食管癌胸腹二区淋巴结清扫及转移规律

背景与目的:区域淋巴结转移是食管癌主要转移方式,是影响食管癌患者术后预后的重要因素,近年来对如何规范食管癌淋巴结清扫范围存在不同的看法.本研究探讨食管癌胸腹二区及部分颈深组淋巴结的转移规律及其清扫方法.方法:从1990年初至2005年底对1412例胸段食管癌患者以Ivor-Lewis术式为基础进行胸腹二区淋巴结清扫,其中517例加行经右胸顶对颈深组的右气管旁三角区淋巴结进行清扫,并对淋巴结转移规律进行分析.结果:1 412例患者并发症发生率为22.88%(323/1412),死亡率为0.14%(2/1412),淋巴结转移发生率为38.74%(547/1412).共清扫淋巴结13 916个,其中2 662个淋巴结发生转移,淋巴结转移度为19.13%.右颈气管旁三角区、上纵隔、下纵隔及上腹区淋巴结转移率分别为32.30%、18.43%、5.31%、17.28%;转移度分别为23.83%、18.92%、21.07%、17.20%,各区域淋巴结转移率及转移度间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).上、中、下段食管癌淋巴结转移率分别为40.59%、36.97%、44.35%;转移度分别为19.60%、18.35%、21.82%,肿瘤发生的部位与淋巴结转移率间差异没有统计学意义(P=0.093).早期食管癌及进展期食管癌淋巴结转移率分别为7.75%、46.56%,转移度分别为4.01%、21.82%,两者转移率和转移度间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论:胸段食管癌有广泛转移的倾向,右气管旁三角区及上纵隔区域是胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的重要区域.Ivor-lewis术式更方便胸段食管癌切除和胸腹二区淋巴结的清扫,并且以此为基础经右胸顶对右颈气管旁三角区淋巴结清扫也是安全可行的.     

Safety and Applicability of Continuous Retrograde Cardioplegia in Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement: New Approaches

Purpose: To discuss minimally invasive cardiac surgery aortic valve replacement (MICS-AVR) approach via anterior thoracotomy using continuous retrograde cardioplegia. Continuous retrograde cardioplegia facilitates excellent continuous homogeneous cooling of the heart during cardiac arrest.Methods: We performed AVR using the proposed method in nine patients between June 2018 and September 2019. The median age of the patients was 73 (range: 43–84) years. The pleural space was entered via anterior thoracotomy. After opening of the right atrium, a retrograde cardioplegic cannula was inserted into the coronary sinus with a purse-string suture. Continuous cold blood retrograde cardioplegia was initiated at 700 mL/h.Results: Extubation in the operating room was performed in five (56%) patients. No new decreased function of the left and right ventricles was observed in intraoperative transesophageal echography or transthoracic echocardiogram.Conclusion: MICA-AVR through continuous retrograde cardioplegia is a safe technique.     

氨苄西林与红霉素联用的体外抑菌实验研究

目的:研究繁殖期杀菌荆和抑茵剂联用的可能性,降低细菌内毒素的释放量,改善临床感染症状.方法:采用微生物井式扩散法,在无茵条件下,用藤黄八叠球菌作茵悬液,氨苄西林、红霉素标准品为模型药物,测定两者合用后的抑茵圈.结果:两种抗生素联用后的抑茵圈与氨苄西林单用的抑茵圈相当(P＞0.05).结论:抑茵剂与繁殖期杀菌剂联用并不降低繁殖期杀菌剂的杀菌效能,联用时应以同时合用或先使用杀菌剂后使用抑茵剂为宜.     

椎弓根内固定结合伤椎植入固骼生治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨短节段经椎弓根内固定结合伤椎注入固骼生或异体骨治疗胸、腰椎体骨折的方法和效果。方法48例胸腰段脊柱骨折患者分为3组。均行后路复位短节段椎弓根内固定,伤椎椎体内植入固骼生(A组)或异体骨(B组),并与单纯后路短节段经椎弓根固定(C组)比较,于术后不同时间进行临床腰背痛VAS评分、神经功能分级及影像学观察伤椎体高度、矢状位指数(SI)。结果手术后1年患者伤椎体高度A组(0．96±0．03)、B组(0．95±0．03)高于C组(0．85±0．04),差异有显著统计学意义。手术后1年伤椎矢状位指数(SI)分别为8．12±1．80、9．47±3．63、18．67±3．84,A、B组与C组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0．01)。手术后3个月A组VAS评分(1．41±0．67),C组为(1．33±0．67)低于B组(2．50±0．69),差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0．01),手术后12个月时C组VAS评分(1．60±0．77)与A组(0．71±0．42)相比差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0．01)、与B组(1．06±0．35)相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。结论伤椎植入固骼生或异体骨结合胸腰段脊柱骨折复位固定手术可减少椎体高度角度丢失,预防手术后椎体塌陷及后凸畸形,伤椎植入固骼生还能减轻腰背疼痛。固骼生可作为伤椎的良好植入物。     

前路病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨在胸、腰椎结核外科治疗中,前路病灶清除植骨内固定术对清除结核病灶,对脊髓神经的减压及重建脊柱稳定性的重要性。方法对2000年10月~2004年6月共收治的胸、腰椎结核患者46例,采用前路病灶清除自体髂骨植骨38例,异体深冻骨植骨并胸、腰椎前路钛钢板内固定8例。结果经过平均18个月的随访,长达1~1.5年的抗结核治疗,44例患者结核治愈,植骨融合时间平均为5.2个月。术前截瘫、不全瘫或伴有神经症状者均有不同程度的恢复;1例内固定松动、异体深冻骨植骨未融合;1例复发,但其异体深冻骨植骨块及内固定位置良好,经继续抗结核治疗6个月后结核治愈。结论前路病灶清除,自体髂骨植骨,钛钢板内固定对胸、腰椎结核疗效肯定,异体深冻骨植骨存在融合慢或不融合的问题。     

单钉-棒固定在胸腰椎结核前路手术中的应用

目的探讨脊柱结核手术内固定的有效方式。方法2002年6月~2004年6月,在手术前有效抗结核化疗的基础上,采用前路病灶清除、植骨融合及单钉-棒内固定的手术方式治疗胸、腰椎结核患者54例。术中在保证彻底清创的基础上注意保留病椎有血供的部分和无明显破坏的椎间盘,以减少切除范围和融合的节段,有神经症状者注意行椎管前侧减压。骨缺损采用自体髂骨、异体髂骨 自体碎骨、或钛网 自体碎骨的方法修复,安置单钉-棒时注意对移植骨块适当加压。患者术后卧床10d左右,然后在支具的保护下下床活动。本组共有41例患者获得随访,手术后随访的时间7~31个月,平均18个月。结果患者所有的结核病灶均顺利愈合,植骨稳定,无明显移位和塌陷,内固定器无松脱和折断,其中37例达到骨性愈合标准;脊柱后凸角平均矫正达23°,患者术前伴有的神经症状也大部分消失,绝大部分患者恢复日常生活、工作。结论前路单钉-棒内固定不仅能够维持胸、腰椎结核手术后脊柱的稳定,防止移植骨块的脱位、塌陷和骨不愈合的发生,而且可以最大范围地减少融合节段,减少术中创伤,故是手术治疗胸、腰椎结核的可靠固定方式。