颈静脉窝的应用解剖学研究

本文通过200例成人颅颈静脉窝的观察与测量,对颈静脉窝的形态、位置及其与颅后窝、面神经管垂直部、鼓环的局部解剖关系进行研究,为临床应用及体质调查提供资料。     

Emergency Treatment of Multiply Injured Patients with Unstable Disruption of the Posterior Pelvic Ring by Using the “C–Clamp”

Abstract Purpose: Evaluation of the therapeutic usefulness of the “pelvic C–clamp” (PCC) during emergency treatment of multiply injured patients with unstable disruption of the posterior pelvic ring. Patients and Methods: The data of 28 patients with polytrauma in combination with an unstable fracture of the posterior pelvic ring (average Injury Severity Score [ISS]: 49 points; average Polytrauma Score [PTS]: 41 points) were retrospectively analyzed from the moment they were admitted to the emergency room until 48 h after admittance. The PCC was used immediately for primary stabilization of the pelvis after clinical diagnosis of the unstable pelvic fracture. Main outcome measurements: development of mean blood pressure, development of oxygenation level, period of time until the PCC was placed, number of blood units needed, period of time until circulatory stabilization occurred. Results: The PCC was applied in all cases within an average of 64.7 min after trauma. Seven patients (25%) died within the first 45 min after admission. The surviving patients showed:• an increase in mean blood pressure of 25% 20 min after application of the PCC,• a hemodynamic stabilization 6 h after application of the PCC,• a stabilization of the oxygenation level 6 h after application of the PCC,• a decrease in the number of required blood units 6 h after application of the PCC. Conclusion: The present study shows, that the application of the PCC to critically injured patients with unstable pelvic fractures leads to stabilization of the vital parameters within a short period of time.     

超声心动图对主动脉窦瘤破裂合并畸形的诊断价值

目的 评价超声心动图对主动脉窦瘤破裂合并畸形的诊断价值，探讨漏诊原因，以提高诊断阳性率。方法 回顾分析23例主动脉窦瘤破裂合并畸形的超声心动图特征，比较超声心动图与手术诊断结果。结果 超声心动图对主动脉窦瘤破裂合并畸形诊断符合率为86．95％（20／23），漏诊率为13．04％（3／23）。结论 超声心动图检查对诊断主动脉窦瘤破裂合并畸形有重要的临床价值，全面掌握超声知识，仔细认真地检查可避免漏诊。     

全主动脉弓替换术中顺行性脑灌注时血流变化观察

目的　利用前瞻性随机对照方法比较全主动脉弓替换术中单侧顺行性脑灌注 (ASCP)和双侧ASCP时视网膜中央动脉、球后血管血流变化和血S1 0 0蛋白浓度变化。方法　 1 6例全主动脉弓替换术患者随机分为单侧AS CP和双侧ASCP组 ,每组各 8例。两组均行术前术后颅脑计算机体层摄影 (CT)。术中采用经眼球超声监测视网膜中央动脉及球后血管血流。术中术后动态测定血S1 0 0蛋白浓度。结果　两组各有 1例出现短暂性神经功能异常。ASCP过程中单侧组右侧视网膜中央动脉可探及血流 ,左侧视网膜中央动脉不可探及 ,双侧组两侧视网膜中央动脉均可探及血流。所有患者球后动脉均可探及血流。两组间各阶段血S1 0 0蛋白浓度无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　在基底动脉环完整 ,存在有效侧支循环条件下 ,单侧灌注操作较为简便 ,双侧灌注在ASCP期间两侧脑灌注较为均衡 ,但两种灌注方法对S1 0 0蛋白浓度的影响无显著性差异。     

实验性腹主动脉瘤瘤体外径与iNOS相关性分析及分期研究

Objective To construct new model of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and detect the AAA outer diameter and the change of induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the abdominal aor-tic aneurysm in different period,and analysis the correlation between experimental AAA and iNOS.Methods During the operation of the experiment group,the vascular prosthesis of PTFE was implanted to the rabbit abdominal aorta to form an aneurysm,while sham operation was done in the control group.The tissue of ab-dominal aortic aneurysm was harvested in 1 d,7d,14d,and 28d after operation,respectively.The tissue bo-mogenate concentration of iNOS in the abdominal aortic aneurysm were detected by enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In experimental group,mean concentration of the tissue bomogenate concentration of iNOS in the abdominal aortic aneurysm in 1 d,7 d,14 d,28 d were (22.129 ±2.518)μ/mL,(27.337±5.321) μ/mL,(36.047±4.584)μ/mL,(44.756±1.799)μ/mL,respectively;In control group,that was (12.499±1.807)μ/mL.The concentration of iNOS in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01).The difference during the experimental group all had statisti-cal significance (P < 0.05).Conclusion It is possible that iNOS has some biological function during the formation and progression of the abdominal aortic aneurysm.     

外伤性胸椎间盘突出症的早期诊断与手术治疗

[目的]探讨外伤性胸椎间盘突出症的临床表现、早期诊断及手术治疗效果。[方法]2000年6月-2005年6月共收治外伤性胸椎间盘突出症患者11例，其中男8例，女3例，年龄15-38岁，平均23．96岁。诊断时间距外伤时间最短的为2d，最长的8个月，平均4．1个月。早期明确诊断后行经关节突入路胸椎间盘摘除术。[结果]11例患者获得1、1-3．8年术后随访，平均随访2．6年。根据Otani’s等分级方法进行疗效评价：优7例，良3例，可1例，差0例，失败0例。手术优良率为90．91％。[结论]外伤性胸椎间盘突出较少见，无典型临床表现，本症的早期诊断及早期手术治疗是远期优良疗效的保证。     

Use of an aortic connector system for vein grafting

OBJECTIVE: The aortic connector system was used to minimize cerebrovascular complications when performing the proximal anastomosis of vein grafts during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The goal of this study was to investigate the intermediate outcomes of patients undergoing CABG with the aortic connector system. METHODS: The aortic connector was used on nine patients undergoing CABG between November 2002 and July 2003. Intermediate outcomes of the patients were examined, and the results of coronary angiography, which were performed before patient discharge and at least 6 months after discharge, were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths or cerebrovascular accidents. One patient died 9 months after discharge, one patient had angina, and the remaining seven patients were asymptomatic. When evaluating the results of angiography performed before patient discharge, two of the 21 distal vein graft anastomoses were occluded (patency rate, 90.5%), but there was no stenosis or occlusion at the proximal anastomoses sites that were performed using the aortic connector. When evaluating the results of the second angiography performed after patient discharge, four of the eight proximal anastomoses were patent, one was completely occluded, two had 90% stenosis and one had 75% stenosis. Further, four of the 18 distal anastomoses were occluded (patency rate, 77.8%). There was no significant difference in graft flow or device size when comparing patients with patent vein grafts and those with stenotic or occluded vein grafts. CONCLUSION: Intermediate outcomes of vein grafting using the aortic connector were suboptimal. Long-term outcome data are forthcoming.     

40例电视胸腔镜手术体会

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜(VATS)手术的优点、适应证和手术技巧。方法 回顾总结VATS手术40例。病种有原发性自发性气胸20例，多发性肺大疱3例，Ⅰ期肺癌3例等。手术方式有肺大疱切除23例，肺叶切除术3例(辅助小切口)，肺楔形切除4例，纵隔肿瘤切除术3例，结核瘤切除1例，活检3例，胸膜粘连术3例，射频消融1例，纤维板剥脱术1例。结果 本组病例手术时间平均65分钟，失血量少于100ml，中转开胸2例，术后胸液总量平均150ml。胸管置留时间1～7天，平均住院时间7．8天，无气胸、良性肿瘤和结核复发，恶性胸水明显减少或消失，无持续漏气、二次开胸止血和手术死亡等并发症。结论 VATS手术适应证范围较广，微创出血少，美观，恢复快，只要掌握了手术技巧，操作便捷，并发症少，疗效满意。     

Upper thoracic myelopathy caused by vertebral collapse and subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis: report of two cases

We report two cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with upper thoracic myelopathy and a review of the literature. Clinical data of a 47-year-old woman (case 1) and a 54-year-old woman (case 2) are described. Case 1 showed a transverse-type myelopathy at the T2 segment level of the spinal cord and case 2 had the same type of myelopathy at the T4 segment level. Case 1 had anterior vertebral subluxation of C7 due to marked vertebral collapse and Case 2 had subluxation of T2 with vertebral destruction. These two patients had the mutilating type of RA with multilevel spontaneous fusion in the cervical spine. The lesions in the thoracic spine might be caused by the severe destructive inflammation that is characteristic in mutilating disease. The vertebral collapse might lead to subluxation of the upper thoracic vertebra, resulting in spinal cord compression. Upper thoracic subluxation might be caused by vertebral collapse due to RA and the increased motion as a compensation for decreased mobility caused by spontaneous fusion in the cervical spine.