影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性的原因及防范对策

目的 调查影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性的原因并提出防范对策.方法 用自制调查表对本院近两年的恢复期精神病患者106例进行调查.结果 影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性的主要原因是:认为病好了,不需要再服药;怕吃了药无精神,影响正常生活;服了药难受;怕损害内脏器官;怕社会歧视;怕影响婚姻;怕变傻等.结论 根据影响恢复期精神病患者服药依从性特点,采取如下针对性防范对策:(1)帮助患者坚持服药维持治疗;(2)有的放矢耐心细致地解释;(3)做好健康教育;(4)发挥家庭和社会支持系统的作用.     

The effects of a low dose of caffeine on cognitive performance

There is little evidence concerning the effects of caffeine in doses typical of one cup of tea. The present study investigated the effect of 60 mg caffeine, consumed in either tea or hot water, on performance on a subset of the CANTAB test battery. Eight males participated in a practice session and four test sessions. In each test session, the participant consumed a different hot beverage and then, over approximately 90 min, completed nine tests from the CANTAB battery. The four beverages were created by crossing beverage identity (tea or hot water) and caffeine dose (0 or 60 mg). Significant speeding of reaction time by caffeine consumption was found in pattern recognition, delayed match to sample, and match to sample visual search. The effect on reaction time of 60 mg caffeine can be detected, and may be evident within minutes of consumption. Received: 16 March 1998/Final version: 27 July 1998     

青蒿鳖甲汤加减治疗癌性发热经验总结

肿瘤发病率逐年上升,治疗手段日渐丰富,肿瘤患者的生存期得到明显延长,生活质量得到显著提高。因此,肿瘤和放疗、化疗后引起的并发症对患者生活质量及疾病预后的影响显得愈加重要。癌性发热作为肿瘤患者的常见并发症之一受到密切关注。临床实践发现西医治疗非感染性发热效果欠佳,而中医药优势相对显著,退热效果明显,不易反复,对患者生活质量及预后改善有利。     

加味麻黄附子细辛汤治疗窦性心动过缓临证体会

追溯麻黄附子细辛汤的组方背景,分析麻黄附子细辛汤的药物组成,论述麻黄附子细辛汤和窦性心动过缓之间的联系,介绍治疗窦性心动过缓的临床用药特点,指出窦性心动过缓的发病机制与心气、心阳亏虚紧密相关,明确气阳两虚、阴寒内盛的发病病机,治疗以益气温阳散寒为主要治则,用药在益气温阳药的基础上,酌加活血药、滋阴药,收效可观,并附典型病例1则。     

Reduction of nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity reactions by topical tea tree oil in humans

Objective and Design: Whilst the anti-microbial properties of tea tree oil (TTO) are established, the anti-inflammatory effects of TTO in human skin remain largely anecdotal and require evaluation. This study examined the effect of topically applied TTO on nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity reactions in human dorsal skin.Treatment: TTO (100%), a 5% TTO lotion, a placebo lotion (no TTO), or 100% macadamia oil were applied at days 3 and 5 after nickel exposure.Methods: The flare area and erythema index were measured on days 3, 5 and 7. The regulatory effects of TTO were also investigated on the proliferative response to nickel or polyclonal mitogens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nickel-sensitive and control subjects.Results: TTO (100%) significantly reduced the flare area and erythema index when compared to the nickel-only sites. With respect to the erythema index, the anti-inflammatory effects were predominantly, but not exclusively, seen in a subgroup of nickel-sensitive subjects with a prolonged development phase of nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity response. The 5% TTO lotion, the placebo lotion and the 100% macadamia oil were all without significant effect. TTO significantly inhibited proliferation to nickel but not to non-specific polyclonal mitogens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nickel-sensitive subjects.Conclusions: Topical application of 100% TTO may have therapeutic benefit in nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity in human skin. The mode of action of TTO requires further investigation, but may be an effect on the antigen presenting cells or the antigen presenting process in nickel-induced contact hypersensitivity, as well as vascular changes associated with this response.Received 14 February 2004; returned for revision 30 June 2004; accepted by J. S. Skotnicki 13 September 2004     

Developmental aspects of children's behavior and safety while cycling

OBJECTIVE: To examine children's competence while cycling, as demonstrated in mistakes in performance and failure to comply with safety rules. METHODS: Children in three age groups (8, 10, and 12 years) participated in a realistic yet simulated traffic environment. RESULTS: The boys' cycling speed increased steadily with age, while that of the girls increased from 8 to 10 but decreased at age 12. Most children had adequate motor control by age 10, and the youngest compensated for their less developed skills by cycling slowly and braking early at junctions. Serious mistakes, often related to the children's age and gender, consisted of the children failing to stop at signals or stopping too late, especially at short stopping range. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable individual differences in children's cycling competence that are related to biological factors, such as age and gender, and psychological factors, such as rule compliance and choice of cycling speed.     

补阳还五汤对红核脊髓束横断后神经元的保护作用

目的:探讨补阳还五汤(BYHWD)对红核脊髓束横断后神经元保护作用的影响。方法:雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组:1.正常组;2.实验组:C3-4右侧红核脊髓束横断后灌服补阳还五汤;3.对照组:C3-4右侧红核脊髓束横断后灌服蒸馏水;用FG逆行示踪定位红核脊髓束神经元在红核的分布。动物存活8周后,Nissl染色计数红核脊髓束神经元并计算其平均截面积。结果:红核神经元的数目和平均截面积实验组分别减少了22%和35%,对照组分别减少了42%和64%。结论:BYHWT不仅提高了轴突横断后红核神经元的存活率,还对其萎缩有抑制作用。     

The effect of drinking tea at high altitude on hydration status and mood

The effect of drinking tea on hydration status and mood was studied in nine male and four female members of expeditions based at Mt. Everest base camp at an altitude of 5,345 m. Whilst exposed to altitude-cold diuresis, participants were subjected to a crossover experimental design comprising two 24-h dietary interventions. In the tea condition, hot brewed tea formed a major part of fluid intake, whereas in the no-tea condition tea was excluded from the diet. Subjects were prohibited in both cases from consuming other caffeinated beverages, caffeinated foods, and alcoholic drinks. Mean fluids ingested [mean (SE); tea=3,193 (259) ml versus no tea=3,108 (269) ml] and urine volume (tea=2,686 (276) ml versus no tea=2,625 (342) ml] were similar under both conditions. Statistical analysis found no difference in urine stimulated as a result of the tea intervention (P=0.81). Several markers of hydration status were also taken immediately pre and post each condition, including measures of urine specific gravity, urine electrolyte balance (K⁺, Na⁺), and urine colour. None of these measures indicated a difference in hydration status as a result of the dietary intervention in either the control or tea condition. A difference was, however, found in mood, with subjects reporting reduced fatigue when tea was included in the diet (P=0.005). The study shows therefore that even when drunk at high altitude where fluid balance is stressed, there is no evidence that tea acts as a diuretic when consumed through natural routes of ingestion by regular tea drinkers, but that it does have a positive effect on mood.     

茶黄烷醇对离体缺血再灌注鼠心心律失常的作用

本研究旨在探讨茶黄烷醇(TF)对离体缺血再灌注鼠心心律失常的作用。结果表明,对照组缺血后再灌注初期心律失常发生率高达91.67%(11/12),显著高于TF组(P<0.005),TF组心律失常发生率仅为23.08%(3/13);对照组心律失常持续时间平均为27.91±6.94min,TF组平均为9.83±6.21min,两组比较差异显著(P<0.001)。上述结果表明TF具有显著的抗缺血再灌性心律失常作用。     

仙荷降脂液对实验性家兔血脂和血流变的影响

目的观察仙荷降脂液对饲料所致高脂血症家兔血脂及血液流变性的影响。方法健康家兔随机分为对照组 (A组 ) ,高脂血症对照组 (B组 )和高脂血症治疗组 (C组 )。A组给予普通饲料 ,B组和C组均给予高脂饲料喂养 ,C组高脂喂养3周后每天加喂仙荷降脂液 ,于实验第0、21、42d分别测定血脂、血液流变学指标。结果C组用药后血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三脂 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL -C)均显著低于B组 (P<0.01) ;全血粘度 (10s-1)、血浆粘度、红细胞刚性指数 (REI)、血小板粘附率均明显降低(P<0.01 ,和P<0.05)。结论仙荷降脂液能降低高脂血症家兔血清TC、TG、HDL -C和改善血液流变性。