穴位贴敷治疗过敏性鼻炎经穴规律研究

目的:分析穴位贴敷治疗过敏性鼻炎的经穴规律,优化穴位贴敷治疗该病的腧穴配伍,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)收录的1987～2017年穴位贴敷治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床研究文献。采用Excel 2007建立数据库,上传至中医医案知识服务与共享系统(V1.2.8),选择系统集成的频次分析、关联规则分析、穴对分析、聚类分析等数据挖掘方法,分析腧穴归经、在人体各部的分布及处方取穴。结果:共纳入针灸处方93首,涉及腧穴39个,总取穴频次476次,其中取穴频次最高的腧穴为肺俞;关联规则分析中置信度最高的穴对是肾俞-肺俞、脾俞-肺俞、肾俞-脾俞-肺俞、大椎-肾俞-肺俞、大椎-脾俞-肺俞、大椎-肾俞-脾俞-肺俞,支持度最高的是大椎-肺俞,聚类分析显示可分为4类群。经脉以足太阳膀胱经、督脉为主,取穴以背部腧穴为主。结论:穴位贴敷治疗过敏性鼻炎以足太阳膀胱经、督脉腧穴为主,取穴以背部腧穴为主,肺俞、大椎、脾俞、肾俞之间的配伍是常用组合。     

不同年龄阶段重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠脑电波特征研究

背景　阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）是一种常见的睡眠障碍,既往研究表明,年长患者更容易出现睡眠结构的变化和认知功能下降,其原因尚未完全明确,且目前关于睡眠脑电波（EEG）和睡眠结构与不同年龄阶段OSAHS患者关系的研究较少。目的　探究不同年龄阶段重度OSAHS的EEG特征,旨在进一步为大脑可塑性变化提供重要信息,指导临床治疗。方法　选取2017年6月—2018年3月在北京大学深圳医院睡眠呼吸障碍疾病诊疗中心确诊的67例重度OSAHS患者,依据我国最新的年龄划分标准将其分为年轻组（18~40岁,n=34）和年长组（41~65岁,n=33）。比较两组患者呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、夜间最低血氧饱和度（LSpO2）、睡眠有效率,非快速眼动睡眠（NREM）各分期（N1、N2、N3期）、快速眼动睡眠（REM）期睡眠时间占总睡眠时间百分比,NREM期各波〔δ波（0.5~4.0 Hz）、θ波（4.1~8.0 Hz）、α波（8.1~12.0 Hz）和β波（12.1~30.0 Hz）〕脑电能量密度;并分析两组患者NREM期各波脑电能量密度、REM期睡眠时间、睡眠有效率与AHI的相关性。结果　年长组患者N1期、N2期睡眠时间占总睡眠时间百分比大于年轻组,年长组患者N3期、REM期睡眠时间占总睡眠时间百分比小于年轻组（P<0.05）。年长组患者N1期、N2期、N3期δ波脑电能量密度均低于年轻组（P<0.05）。年长组患者N3期θ波脑电能量密度低于年轻组（P<0.05）。年长组患者N2期、N3期α波脑电能量密度低于年轻组（P<0.05）。年长组患者N1期、N2期、N3期β波脑电能量密度均高于年轻组（P<0.05）。年轻组患者NREM期δ波、θ波、α波脑电能量密度及REM期睡眠时间、睡眠有效率与AHI呈负相关（r值分别为-0.338、-0.315、-0.383、-0.483、-0.501,P值均<0.05）;年轻组患者NREM期β波脑电能量密度与AHI无直线相关关系（P>0.05）。年长组患者NREM期各波脑电能量密度、REM期睡眠时间和睡眠有效率与AHI无直线相关关系（P>0.05）。结论　重度OSAHS的年轻患者与年长患者的EEG存在明显差异,年长患者N1期、N2期睡眠时间较长,而N3、REM期睡眠时间较短;与年轻患者相比,年长患者NREM期的δ波、N3期的θ波和α波均减少,而NREM期的β波却明显增加。这些EEG的改变导致了重度OSAHS的年长患者深睡眠时间减少,而浅睡眠时间增加,外界的刺激及间歇性低氧更容易导致觉醒,直接导致睡眠片段化增加。     

耐多药肺结核中医证候与肺部影像相关性分析

目的分析耐多药肺结核中医证候与肺部影像的相关性。方法选取2015年2月～2018年2月期间100例耐多药肺结核患者为研究对象,对耐多药肺结核患者中医证候进行分析,并分析证候分布和影像学之间的相关性。结果在100例耐多药肺结核患者中,根据证候分型,阴虚火旺证所占比高于肺阴亏虚证、气阴两虚证、阴阳两虚证,不同证候分型的占比具有统计学差异(P0.05);肺部空洞与阴虚火旺证呈正相关(P0.05),而与肺阴亏虚证、阴阳两虚证无显著相关性(P0.05);阴虚火旺证与≥4个肺野数量呈正相关(P0.05),而阴阳两虚证中≤3个肺野、≥4个肺野无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论四种证候患者中肺阴亏虚证患者肺部病变范围较轻,阴虚火旺证患者肺部空洞病变较为严重。     

2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

AimThis clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered.StructureChest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.     

310例慢性肾小球肾炎患者辨证规律研究

目的：通过对慢性肾小球肾炎患者（CKD2～3期）的中医证候分型、临床症状、中药疗效以及临床指标间相关性研究,探讨本病的中医证型分布特点,为进一步探索中药临床研究提供依据。方法：回顾性收集2008年～2011年入住我院肾病科的慢性肾小球肾炎患者的病史资料、中医临床症状、相关临床指标,运用统计分析方法研究慢性肾小球肾炎的中医辨证分型规律以及治疗方法。结果：（1）慢性肾小球肾炎的中医证型中以气阴两虚型、肝肾阴虚型常见;（2）脾肾阳虚型蛋白尿水平最高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;（3）脾肾阳虚型中药治疗有效率最低（66.7%）。结论：慢性肾小球肾炎的中医证候以气阴两虚最为常见,脾肾阳虚型蛋白尿水平最高,治疗有效率最低。     

成人特发性膜性肾病遗传易感性与中医证型的关联性研究

目的:探讨特发性膜性肾病(IMN)的足细胞裂隙隔膜相关蛋白基因NPHS1、NPHS2与中医辨证分型的关联。方法:收集原发性肾病综合征患者200例,其中实验组(IMN)38例,对照组(非IMN)162例,两组病人外周血淋巴细胞中获得基因组DNA进行序列分析、测定,分析NPHS1基因G349A位点、NPHS2基因G686A,C695T位点的多态性及其与中医证型关联。结果:(1)两组年龄分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组NPHS1基因G349A位点基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组纯合突变AA基因型频率明显高于对照组;杂合突变GA基因型频率明显低于对照组;(3)两组NPHS2基因G686A,C695T位点未发现多态性改变;(4)两组中医证型本虚证中气(阳)虚证、阴虚证差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组标实证中湿热证和血瘀证差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)未发现候选基因多态性与中医辨证分型的明显相关性。结论:在PNS患者中IMN患者年龄偏大。NPHS1基因G349A位点基因型AA与IMN发病有相关性。IMN中医证型气(阳)虚证、血瘀证明显多于非IMN患者,阴虚证、湿热证明显少于非IMN患者。未发现候选基因多态性与中医辨证分型的明显相关性。     

Familial colorectal cancer: a concept revisited

Objective  The family history of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) shows an increased risk of disease although evident inherited syndromes are demonstrable in only a small percentage of patients. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that might suggest an inherited component in the transmission of CRC.
Method  The study monitored 880 consecutive patients between 1980 and 2005 treated for CRC.
Results  Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) was found in only one patient, and a classical mutation of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer was found in only two patients. The risk assessment was possible mainly because of factors such as early onset CRC, the presence of multiple primary tumours and a high risk family history. Considering these 36 more patients were suspected to be high risk and referred for further genetic testing. At least one first-degree relative with CRC was reported in 140 patients. In 49 patients, CRC was diagnosed before 50 years of age. Multiple primary tumours, colonic or extra colonic, synchronous or metachronous were found in 136 patients.
Conclusion  Our study suggests that if only patients with identified mutations are taken into consideration, then the percentage of evident hereditary colon cancer is very low, but this percentage quickly increases if we make marginal adjustments to the identifying criteria. It seems that it is the physician's clinical suspicion, more than the fulfilment of rigid criteria, which plays a fundamental role in the timely identification and a subsequent focused treatment of patients with hereditary CRC.     

Juxtacondylar Approach in Temporal Paraganglioma Surgery: When and Why?

As it became clear that patients with paraganglioma (PGL) syndromes had a higher risk of multifocal tumors, we changed our surgical strategy to avoid the possibility of bilateral cranial nerve paralysis. The juxtacondylar approach offers advantages for some jugular foramen tumors, including types C and D temporal PGLs. This approach allows exposure of the jugular foramen without skeletonizing or transposing the facial nerve. It improves the surgeon's ability to distinguish between the pars vascularis and the pars nervosa at the jugular foramen, and it helps to save functioning of the lower cranial nerves. There is already considerable experience using the juxtacondylar approach for patients suffering from schwannomas and meningiomas involving the jugular foramen. Some limitations have been noted for using the juxtacondylar approach with jugular PGLs that are related to their vascular nature. In this article we demonstrate its use for the management of eight patients with locally advanced temporal PGLs and how it can be combined with an infratemporal fossa approach.     

腰椎间盘突出症中医证型与影像和体征的关系研究

【目的】分析腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)中医证型与影像和体征的关系。【方法】纳入2015年4月1日至2016年7月10日入院治疗的40例腰椎间盘突出症患者,分析其中医证型与影像或体征的关系。【结果】(1)中医证型与影像关系:不同中医证型在突出节段、突出程度、MRI表现、Pfirrmann椎间盘分级和突出位置分型上存在显著性差异,但当突出位于L4/5时,突出位置分型差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)中医证型与体征关系:不同中医证型对腰椎活动、直腿抬高试验有影响(OR0.5),但在不同中医证型中,其差异性并不显著(P0.05),且不同中医证型对其阳性的敏感性和特异性亦不高[ROC曲线下的面积值(AUC)0.5]。【结论】本研究填补了该研究领域的部分空白,对临床诊治腰椎间盘突出症有一定指导价值。     

瞬时受体电位通道C与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征大鼠心脏和肾脏损害的关系

目的: 探究经典瞬时受体电位通道C（TRPC）相关蛋白在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）大鼠心脏和肾脏损害中的作用。方法: 18只SD雄性大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组9只。实验组大鼠在间歇性低氧舱中,每天暴露于间歇性低氧环境8 h（10:00—18:00）。此后通过实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹法分别检测大鼠心脏和肾脏组织中TRPC mRNA和相关蛋白的表达。结果: 实验组心脏组织中TRPC3、TRPC4、TRPC5的mRNA表达较对照组升高（均P < 0.05）,而肾脏组织TRPC1、TRPC3、TRPC4、TRPC5、TRPC6、TRPC7的mRNA表达在两组之间差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;实验组肾脏组织中TRPC4、TRPC5、TRPC6的mRNA表达低于心脏组织（均P < 0.05）,对照组肾脏组织TRPC7的mRNA表达高于心脏组织（P < 0.05）。实验组心脏组织中的TRPC5蛋白表达较对照组升高（P < 0.05）,而肾脏组织TRPC5、TRPC6、TRPC7相关蛋白的表达在两组之间差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论: TRPC5可能参与OSAHS心脏损害的病理生理过程,有望成为治疗OSAHS所致心脏损害的药物新靶点。