病原生物学示教实验的教学体会

示教实验在病原微生物学实验教学中有着重要地位。作者紧密结合病原微生物学实验教学实践，提出四点体会：示教实验要重点突出、要注意有序性、要做到观察与讲解分析相结合、要正确对待示教实验中的失误，切忌弄虚作假。     

现代中药研发中的文化碰撞现象与系统生物学思路分析

本文从认识论与方法论两方面, 探讨了现代中药研发中的文化碰撞现象与系统生物学思路。提出在世界一体化的宏观背景下, 我们既要认识科技文化多态性的这样一个事实, 又要以“疗效中心论”为基础, 重视本土科技文化的发扬, 不要盲目发展“高”、“精”、“尖”而忽视复方制剂的研究及其可能产生的社会经济效益。在新的医学模式下, 我们还应大力发展系统生物学, 使之与传统医学互补,从而推动传统医学研究方法的变革, 在此基础上才有可能发展出更好的现代中药研发方法。     

Evaluation of a computer-based decision support system for treatment of hypertension with drugs: retrospective, nonintervention testing of cost and guideline adherence

Abstract. Persson M, Mjörndal T, Carlberg B, Bohlin J, Lindholm LH (University of Umeå, Sweden). Evaluation of a computer‐based decision support system for treatment of hypertension with drugs: retrospective, nonintervention testing of cost and guideline adherence. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 87–93. Objective. To evaluate a computerized decision support system (DSS) for drug treatment of hypertension, regarding quality, safety, and cost compared to actual antihypertensive drug treatment. Design. The medical profiles of 338 hypertensive patients treated with drugs against hypertension were processed by the DSS. The drug treatment proposed by the system was then compared to actual treatment given by their physician. Setting. Four health centres in the county of Västerbotten, in Sweden. Subjects. A list of hypertensive patients was extracted from the computerized medical records of each health centre and every fifth patient’s medical profile was assessed by the system. Interventions. None. Main outcome measures. Drug used, drug used in relation to certain major diseases such as diabetes mellitus, asthma, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and previous myocardial infarction. Adherence to hypertension guidelines, safety, and cost. Results. The DSS suggested significantly more thiazides and significantly fewer calcium antagonists than the physicians had prescribed, with a total cost reduction of 33–40%, depending on doses chosen. The DSS drug profile was more adherent to guidelines in patients with major complicating diseases, suggesting an improvement in treatment quality for these patients by the DSS. Conclusion. The DSS which fully implements current guidelines may improve the quality of antihypertensive treatment, concurrently leading to a considerable reduction in drug costs.     

多元化考核方式在病原生物学与免疫学综合实验考核中的应用

目的培养学生自主学习性,增强学生实际动手操作能力。方法在病原生物学与免疫学实验整合的基础上,建立了包括实验技能操作、实验报告评估、设计性实验、标本考试及实验理论考试等在内的多元化考核方式。结果实践成功证明了其可行性,取得了预期成效。结论多元化考核方式的建立对培养具有创新精神和创新能力的高素质人才、提高课程教学质量具有极其重要的作用。     

北京医院2006年中成药不良反应报告分析

目的了解2006年北京医院中成药不良反应发生情况,促进临床合理用药。方法采用自发呈报的方式,由临床医师、护士及临床药师填写药物不良反应(ADR)报表,对北京医院2006年收集的66例中成药不良反应报告中患者年龄、不良反应及表现、涉及科室、累及器官和系统、预后等进行统计分析。结果66例中成药不良反应报告中,50岁以上患者34例(占51.5%),涉及10个临床科室,小金丸引起不良反应例数最多,临床表现以皮肤及附件损伤最常见(共46例),治愈患者55例。结论临床工作者应展开全方位的ADR监测,减少或避免ADR的发生,使中成药的使用更加合理、安全、有效。     

两种颈椎前路带锁钢板的临床应用比较

目的比较两种颈椎前路带锁钢板螺钉固定系统的临床应用效果。方法采用AO和Orion颈椎前路带锁钢板治疗颈椎骨折脱位、脊髓型颈椎病和颈椎椎体肿瘤36例,随访7-24个月,观察各固定系统固定颈椎节段的稳定性、颈椎融合程度及相应的并发症。结果两种钢板螺钉系统固定颈椎节段后患者脊髓功能治疗有效率无显著差别(P=0.876),治疗骨折脱位伴脊髓损伤Frankel分级提高分数无显著性差别(P=0.698);植骨一期融合率无显著性差别(P=0.760),并发症出现率无显著性差别(P=0.819)。AO钢板系统固定螺钉打入角度较难控制,技术要求较高。结论AO与Orion颈椎前路钢板螺钉固定系统固定效果良好,后者更易操作。     

神经生长因子对垂体腺瘤分子生物学行为影响的研究进展

神经生长因子在多个环节上参与了对垂体腺瘤分子生物学行为的影响,包括对垂体腺瘤增殖与凋亡的影响、对癌/抑癌基因的影响、对垂体腺瘤血管形成的影响、垂体腺瘤相关激素和生长因子及垂体腺瘤细胞信号转导的影响等,从上述几个方面综述了近年来国内外该领域相关研究进展。     

生物医学新兴学科与中药现代化——现代组合成分药物的研究

中药的特色是通过多成分、多靶点的整体调控作用来系统纠正疾病造成的机体失衡。中药在治疗多基因、多因素引起的某些复杂疾病方面相对西药(通常是单一化学成分药物)有独到优势。但以天然动植物为来源的中药在质量控制和疗效科学依据方面的不足严重影响了中药在现代社会的应用。目前,组合治疗现代医学和系统生物学的发展为中药现代化提供了新的机会。提出应用现代组合成分药物和组合治疗新概念,科学阐明中药药效的学术观点;并提出综合应用蛋白质组学和化学生物学等生物医学新兴科技从中药中开发现代组合成分新药的技术。     

法医物证学实验室运行机制的探讨

法医物证学实验室运行机制的改革包括实验室管理体制的改革和实验教学的改革．笔者对高校法医物证学实验室的运行机制和管理体制模式做了一些探索和研究，提出了自己的观点和看法．     

A system of diagnostic codes for dental health care

OBJECTIVES: We set out to develop and implement a system of diagnostic codes for use in the computerized management information system of the Community Dental Services of the North York Public Health Department. METHODS: We received staff input on common diagnoses, reviewed other diagnostic systems and established criteria for an ideal coding system. The codes are consistent with the format of other classification systems used in dental management information in Canada. They were implemented in 1997-98. RESULTS: We developed a system of four-digit, numeric codes for dental diagnoses. The diagnostic codes are specific at the level of the patient, consistent with current evidence on the natural history and classification of diseases, consistent with conventional measures of oral conditions, and fit the paradigm of the Canadian system of treatment codes. In the first year, 91 percent of 6,740 patients had at least one diagnosis, with a mean of 2.5 per patient. The five most common diagnoses were smooth surface caries, pit and fissure caries, calculus, teeth with deep fissures, and gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a coding system for dental diagnoses that has achieved high use and provided more accessible information on the conditions seen by staff dentists.