首发精神分裂症与分裂样精神病的前驱症状及精神症状比较

目的:比较首发精神分裂症与分裂样精神病的前驱症状及精神症状,为临床积累资料。方法:调查248例首发精神分裂症(分裂症组)和43例分裂样精神病患者(分裂样组)的前驱症状及精神症状,并评定简明精神病量表(BPRS)、阴性症状量表(SANS)和阳性症状量表(SAPS),然后进行对比分析。结果:分裂样精神病组较多为急性起病且多有刺激诱因,除此之外,分裂症组与分裂样组的一般资料无显著性差异(P>0.05);在情感、行为、思维和类神经衰弱等方面前驱症状的发生率两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);分裂症组除了妄想的发生率显著高于分裂样组外(P<0.05),其它典型精神症状与分裂样组差异也无显著性(P>0.05),BPRS、SAPS、SANS总分及BPRS各因子分两组间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:前驱症状和典型精神症状对精神分裂症与分裂样精神病无鉴别诊断意义,但早期识别,有利于早期干预。     

基于层次聚类与复杂症状网络的广泛性焦虑障碍之上热下寒证的症状关系

目的 全面系统地探究广泛性焦虑障碍(generalized anxiety disorder, GAD)之上热下寒证的症状特点。方法 使用广泛性焦虑障碍中医证候调查表评估首都医科大学附属北京安定医院门诊收治的168例GAD患者的中医四诊信息与西医精神症状信息。专家判定其中100例为上热下寒证患者,68例为非上热下寒证患者。通过频数分析研究上热下寒证的常见寒、热症状分布特点。通过层次聚类分析GAD之上热下寒证的病位证素、病性证素。再通过提取GAD之上热下寒证的核心症状,进行核心症状间的复杂症状网络分析,探究上热与下寒症状间的内在逻辑关系。最后联合聚类分析与复杂网络分析结果,探寻GAD之上热下寒证的核心病机。结果 GAD上热下寒证的患者较非上热下寒证的患者病程更长,焦虑程度显著较高,常见症状(频率>30%)更多。GAD上热下寒证常见(频率>30%)的寒、热症状有:口舌干燥、舌苔白、两目干痒、下肢不温、面部洪热潮热、口苦、口渴欲饮、小腹畏寒、腰凉、盗汗、头热汗出、脉滑、手热足冷、足胫寒冷、面部多汗。GAD上热下寒证的病位证素为:心、胃、肾、督脉、脾、胆;病性证素为:火热、寒凝、气滞、气虚、阳虚。精神焦虑在核心症状的复杂症状网络中的作用最大。结论 精神症状在GAD上热下寒证的症状中占据主导地位,其潜在的核心病机可能是“君火失明,相火离位”,其治疗则为清热安神,辅以温阳。     

预先离断尿道黏膜的整块剜除法在中小体积前列腺剜除术中的应用

目的:探讨预先离断尿道黏膜的整块剜除法在中小体积前列腺增生患者经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)中的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年7月应用钬激光预先分离前列腺尖部尿道黏膜的整块剜除法进行HoLEP手术的中小体积前列腺增生症50例患者的资料,评估该手术方法的适用范围、优点、疗效及并发症情况。结果:50例手术均成功,手术时间(36.5±12.2)min,切除腺体质量(29±13.2)g。术后第1天血红蛋白为(119±15.2)g/L,术后4周前列腺症状评分(9.4±3.6)分、最大尿流率(22.5±2.3)mL/s、剩余尿量(23.4±9.2)mL、生活质量评分(2.4±1.4)分,均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。术后4例(8.0%)主诉出现尿频、尿急症状,3例(6.0%)出现短暂压力性尿失禁。结论:预先离断尿道黏膜的钬激光整块剜除法手术解剖标志明晰、操作简便、疗效肯定,能有效避免尿道黏膜撕脱损伤和杠杆拉伤,尿失禁并发症发生率较低,对治疗中小体积前列腺增生简单、实用。     

Management Options for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms. These mechanisms include increased abnormal colonic motility or transit, intestinal or colorectal sensation, increased colonic bile acid concentration, and superficial colonic mucosal inflammation, as well as epithelial barrier dysfunction, neurohormonal up-regulation, and activation of secretory processes in the epithelial layer. Novel approaches to treatment include lifestyle modification, changes in diet, probiotics, and pharmacotherapy directed to the motility, sensation, and intraluminal milieu of patients with IBS. Despite recent advances, there is a need for development of new treatments to relieve pain in IBS without deleterious central or other adverse effects.     

Rapid Response Events in Hospitalized Patients: Patient Symptoms and Clinician Communication

Context

Patients triggering rapid response team (RRT) intervention are at high risk for adverse outcomes. Data on symptom burden of these patients do not currently exist, and current symptom management and communication practices of RRT clinicians are unknown.

Psychoeducational Intervention for Symptom Management of Fatigue,Pain, and Sleep Disturbance Cluster Among Cancer Patients: A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study

Objectives

To assess the feasibility of conducting a trial of a psychoeducational intervention involving the provision of tailored information and coaching to improve management of a cancer-related symptom cluster (fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbance) and reduce symptom cluster impacts on patient health outcomes in the Vietnamese context and to undertake a preliminary evaluation of the intervention.

Two cases of tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess in adults

Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is an acute or chronic deep neck tissue infection. Tuberculous RPA is chronic and extremely rare in adults. A 20-year-old female patient visited the local hospital due to cough and sputum. The sputum smear was positive for acid-fast staining, and lung computed tomography (CT) indicated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The patient received the standard regimen of isoniazid+rifampicin+pyrazinamide+ethambutol (HRZE) for 6 months. After HRZE, pulmonary symptoms improved, but some pharyngeal discomfort remained. In another case, a 25-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of a mass on the left side of his neck. Lymph node TB was considered after a puncture biopsy. Lung CT showed no obvious abnormality. After HRZE for 5 months, the mass had progressively enlarged. Both patients underwent B-ultrasonography-guided puncture, and Xpert® MTB/RIF of the abscess was positive and rifampin-sensitive. Tuberculous RPA was diagnosed and treated with isoniazid+rifampicin (HR) for 12 months. After combination anti-TB therapy and surgical drainage, both patients fully recovered. Tuberculous RPA is rare in adults; because of pharyngeal symptoms or progressive enlargement of a neck mass with anti-TB treatment, clinicians need to suspect tuberculous RPA in adults, which is treated with anti-TB therapy and surgery.