醋酸染色和碘染色后肉眼观察在宫颈病变筛查中的应用价值

目的评价醋酸染色和碘染色在宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查中的应用价值。为降低经济欠发达地区的宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率提供依据。方法 2009年5月对来我院就诊的的30～59岁已婚妇女进行宫颈病变的普查。普查方法为用5%醋酸染色后肉眼观察（VIA）和2%碘染色后肉眼观察（VILI）,结果异常者进行阴道镜检查,并在阴道镜下活检取得最终病理诊断。结果 1897名附和条件的妇女参加普查,其中265例VIA或VILI阳性,176例行阴道镜下活检,经病理确诊CIN以上44例,其中CINⅠ25例,CINⅡ8例,CINⅢ及原位癌8例,早期浸润癌1例,宫颈癌2例。结论 VIA和VILI是一种经济有效的筛查方法,适用于在经济欠发达地区广泛推广。     

腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗中国老年宫颈癌疗效的Meta分析

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗中国老年宫颈癌的疗效。方法计算机检索中国生物医学文摘数据库(CBM)、万方全文数据库(wanfangdata)、中国知网全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文期刊数据库(VIP)和Pub Med,根据入选标准筛选文献。从文献提取数据,采用Rev Man 5.2.9软件进行统计学分析。结果最终纳入符合标准的文献10篇,均为临床对照研究(CCT),无随机对照研究(RCT)。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组患者年龄、体重、肿瘤分期等基本特征无明显差异。与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术组手术时间长(MD=32.60,95%CI:5.65~59.55,P=0.020),术中失血量少(MD=-94.01,95%CI:-130.65~-57.37,P=0.000),清除淋巴结数量少(MD=1.69,95%CI:0.67~2.72,P=0.001),术后排气时间早(MD=-17.09,95%CI:-21.19~-12.98,P=0.000),住院时间短(MD=-4.30,95%CI:-5.57~-3.02,P=0.000),差异有统计学意义。而术后留置尿管时间(MD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.92~0.58,P=0.290)、手术并发症发生率(OR^=0.62,95%CI:0.27~1.42,P=0.260),差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、恢复快等优势,并不增加手术并发症发生率,是治疗中国老年宫颈癌的理想术式。     

Neuroanatomy of cervical sympathetic trunk: A cadaveric study

To reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury to sympathetic chain during anterior and anterolateral approaches to the cervical spine, its location has to be well defined and known by surgeons. We analyzed the course of sympathetic chain and its ganglia from C7 up to its entry into the cranial base and its relationship mainly with the longus colli (LC). Formalin fixed 20 human cadavers were dissected under operating microscope. Measurement of the dimensions of the ganglia, distance of the trunk to the LC, and the angles identifying the course of the chain were performed. Superior and inferior cervical/cervicothoracic ganglion were observed in all specimens, the middle cervical ganglion was observed in 48% of the specimens. The middle ganglion consisted of two ganglia in 10% of the dissected sides. Forty percent of the inferior cervical/cervicothoracic ganglion was at the C7 level, 25% was at C7‐Th1 disc level, and 35% was at Th1 level. Vertebral ganglion was detected in only 8% of the specimens. The course of the sympathetic trunk converges medially descending from upper cervical levels to the lower levels. Anterior surgical approach to the cervical spine is a commonly used procedure. Although Horner syndrome due to sympathetic injury is not a common sequence of cervical operations, our findings support the current few reports on the subject and should be useful to any surgeon who operates in the cervical region to avoid this uncommon complication. Clin. Anat. 22:324–330, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in stroke patients with a central sympathetic deficit

Gierthmühlen J, Allardt A, Sawade M, Baron R, Wasner G. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in stroke patients with a central sympathetic deficit.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 332–338.
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective – To investigate the functional role of the sympathetic innervation on cerebral autoregulation. Materials and methods – Seventeen patients with infarction of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata affecting central sympathetic pathways (Wallenberg′s syndrome) and 21 healthy controls were included in the study. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the medial cerebral artery was investigated using transcranial Doppler ultrasound during decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure induced by leg‐cuff test and tilt table. Results – Upon leg‐cuff test, changes of cerebral blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure as well as autoregulatory index did not differ between patients or controls. No differences were found in changes of CBFV, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate between patients or controls during the tilt table test. Conclusions – We suggest that the sympathetic nervous system does not have an influence on cerebral autoregulation after decrease in perfusion pressure under normotonous conditions.     

Current Understandings on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

The mechanisms underlying complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have been increasingly studied over the past decade. Classically, this painful and disabling disorder was considered to emerge from pathology of the central nervous system. However, the involvement of additional peripheral disease mechanisms is likely, and recently these mechanisms have also attracted scientific attention. The present article provides an overview of the current understandings regarding pathology of the autonomic and somatic nervous system in CRPS, as well as the roles of neurogenic inflammation, hypoxia, and the contribution of psychological factors. Potential connections between the separate disease mechanisms will be discussed. Additionally, currently known risk factors for CRPS will be addressed. Insight into risk factors is of relevance as it facilitates early diagnosis and tailored treatment. Moreover, it may provide clues for further unraveling of the pathogenesis and etiology of CRPS.     

Section 3 Algodystrophies in the upper and lower limbs treated with ibuprofen

Summary

Fifty patients suffering from painful conditions in the upper and lower limbs arising from a variety of different causes were treated with 1000?mg. to 1200?mg. ibuprofen daily for periods up to 6 months. Treatment was found to be effective in terms of pain relief and the drug was well tolerated, only 2 patients developing side-effects.     

Commercially available assays for multiplex detection of alpha human papillomaviruses

Five main groups of commercial assays for the multiplex detection of alpha human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are currently available. DNA-based screening assays, which test for the presence of 13–14 HPVs without determination of HPV type, have been the standard for HPV detection in the last decade. Assays that combine testing for 14 HPVs and HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotyping are a potential future standard for HPV detection. The clinical value of HPV genotyping assays has still not been finally determined. Recently, one of the mRNA-based assays showed equal clinical sensitivity but higher clinical specificity for CIN2+/CIN3+ in comparison with the validated DNA-based assay. In situ hybridization assays are too laborious and have insufficient clinical sensitivity to be used in routine screening. Automation, price reduction and improvement of clinical specificity are the main goals for the future development of HPV assays.