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51.
Kenichi Aihara 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1989,339(4):469-473
Summary Effects of the calcium-channel antagonist, nitrendipine, on the autoregulation of regional cerebral blood flow were studied by analysing the pressure-flow relationship in the cortex, subcortex and thalamus in pithed anesthetized rabbits. Arterial pressure was altered from 50 to 125 mm Hg by electrical stimulation of the spinal nerve roots. Regional blood flow was measured with the hydrogen clearance technique. Under control conditions, regional blood flow in the cortex, subcortex and thalamus did not change significantly within the range of mean arterial pressures of 50 to 100 mm Hg. Vascular resistance in each region rose significantly (P < 0.05) in a pressure-dependent manner. During the intravenous infusion of nitrendipine (0.3 and 1 g · kg–1 · min–1), blood flow to the three regions of the brain increased in a pressure-dependent manner when mean arterial pressure was increased from 50 to 125 mm Hg. The autoregulatory increase in regional vascular resistance was abolished. In addition, nitrendipine produced a blood pressure-dependent decrease of the vascular resistance in the subcortex and thalamus but not in the cortex. These results indicate that nitrendipine increases regional cerebral blood flows and suppresses regional autoregulations simultaneously. The autoregulatory adjustment in the cortex is more resistant to nitrendipine than that in the subcortex and thalamus. The observation that the action of nitrendipine was not the same in the three brain regions may be due to the vascular beds of these regions differing in their calciumchannel equipment. 相似文献
52.
Norman B. Epstein 《Clinical psychology》2005,12(2):139-143
Clinical interventions for extramarital involvement (EMI) have outpaced empirical knowledge about both risk factors for infidelity and effective treatments. Allen et al. (this issue) provide a systematic review of current knowledge organized around stages of the development of EMI and factors concerning the involved partner, the spouse, the couple's relationship, and the interpersonal context. Their review identifies significant gaps in knowledge for which research is needed. Because EMI has multiple determinants, conceptual models and research on it must be multivariate. This comment focuses on priorities for increasing knowledge about EMI, including (a) clarification of variation in definitions and personal standards for EMI through consideration of participants' subjective experiences as well as the views of outsiders (researchers, clinicians); (b) improved qualitative research using interview methods designed to minimize biased questioning by investigators and biased reporting by subjects, to tap individuals' internal experiences with the developmental process of EMI; (c) nonblaming research on characteristics of the noninvolved spouse and the couple's interaction that predict EMI; and (d) adaptation of generic preventive and relationship enrichment interventions for couples involving communication skill-building and psychoeducation, to include information about ways to "inoculate" relationships against commonly unexpected risks of EMI. 相似文献
53.
Om Parkash 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1976,372(2):123-129
Summary An analysis of autopsy data shows that during the period 1928–1972 the relative frequency of carcinoma of the stomach has remained practically unchanged. A similar trend is apparant from the mortality statistics for Vienna from 1955 to 1972. Whereas for the lower and middle age groups there is a real decrease during the period 1928–1952, an opposite trend is visible for the highest age group. The stomach and the lower parts of the large intestine are the most frequent sites of carcinoma of the alimentary canal. The frequency distribution is explained on the basis of the contact hypothesis. 相似文献
54.
采用成年狗正常股动脉段6例,测定其拉伸后的压力一容积关系,并求出其顺应性。另取狗股狗股动脉段30例拉伸固定后,观测其形态结构变化。发现狗股动脉段拉伸后的P-V曲线可用抛物线来拟合,狗股动脉段拉伸15%后顺应性明显下降,其形态结构无明显改变,拉伸30%后才出现明显的结构改变。狗股动脉拉伸后顺应性变化的出现较形态结构变化早。 相似文献
55.
住房类型、环境与居民健康协作研究之四——住房类型、环境与第二代成人健康 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报告了北京市西城区三种类型住房三代同堂家庭调查样本125户中第二代成人199人的问卷调查结果。调查结果显示三种类型住房第二代成人的健康状况及烟酒嗜好差别无显著性;楼房的居住环境优于平房,但邻里交往不如平房密切;对居住条件和生活的自我评价主要取决于住房设施,邻里关系、年龄和性别,而受住房类型影响较小。 相似文献
56.
Single fibres of three different types, which had been characterized histochemically with regard to differences in myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and its pH stability, were microdissected from freeze dried preparations of the closer muscle in walking legs of the crab Eriphia spinifrons. Shortening velocities were determined in slack tests and under constant load conditions in maximally Ca2+-activated skinned muscle fibres. Force/pCa relationships were also measured for the different types of fibres. Compared with data on vertebrate muscles, all crab muscle fibres required large length changes to reach zero force and showed low Ca2+ sensitivity for isometric force generation. The length/time relationship obtained from slack tests had a biphasic course. Maximal velocity of filament sliding differed in the three types of fibres investigated. The filament sliding of type IV fibres was about 3 times faster than that of type I fibres. The values obtained for type II fibres ranged in between. These data are positively correlated with myofibrillar ATPase activity determined histochemically. Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation was lowest in the fast type IV fibres. It was high in the slow type I and the faster contracting type II fibres. Ca2+ sensitivity in crab muscle seems not to be correlated with speed of shortening. 相似文献
57.
A new one-step computational procedure is presented for estimating the parameters of the nonlinear three-element windkessel
model of the arterial system incorporating a pressure-dependent compliance. The data required are pulsatile aortic pressure
and flow. The basic assumptions are a steadystate periodic regime and a purely elastic compliant element. By stating two conditions,
zero mean flow and zero mean power in the compliant element, peripheral and characteristic resistances are determined through
simple closed form formulas as functions of mean values of the square of aortic pressure, the square of aortic flow, and the
product of aortic pressure with aortic flow. The pressure across as well as the flow through the compliant element can be
then obtained so allowing the calculation of volume variation and compliance as functions of pressure. The feasibility of
this method is studied by applying it to both simulated and experimental data relative to different circulatory conditions
and comparing the results with those obtained by an iterative parameter optimization algorithm and with the actual values
when available. The conclusion is that the proposed method appears to be effective in identifying the three-element windkessel
even in the case of nonlinear compliance. 相似文献
58.
儿童退缩和同伴关系的相关 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
目的:用元分析方法对近20年关于儿童退缩和同伴关系相关的研究结果进行总结。方法:用多水平分析技术对儿童退缩和同伴接受的相关、退缩和同伴拒绝相关的研究结果进行总结分析。结果:儿童退缩和同伴接受之间有显著的负相关关系,退缩和同伴拒绝之间有低度的非负相关关系,各研究结果之间的变异显著。结论:退缩导致儿童不良的同伴关系。 相似文献
59.
K. J. Ullrich G. Rumrich K. Neiteler G. Fritzsch 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1992,420(1):29-38
In order to study the quantitative structure/activity relationship of organic cation transport across the contraluminal side of the proximal renal tubule cell, the stopped-flow capillary microperfusion method was applied and the inhibitory potency (apparent K
i values) of different homologous series of substrates against N
1-[3H]methylnicotinamide (NMeN+) transport was evaluated. Aniline and its ring- or N-substituted analogues as well as the aminonaphthalines do not interact with the contraluminal NMeN+ transporter except for the quaternary trimethylphenylammonium and pararosaniline, which bear a permanent positive charge, and for 1,8-bis-(dimethylamino)naphthaline, which forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond. If, however, one or more than one methylene group is interposed between the benzene ring and the amino group, the compounds interact with the contraluminal NMeN+ transporter in proportion to their hydrophobicity parameter, i.e. the octanol/water partition coefficient (log octanol). The catecholamines and other hydroxyl-substituted phenylethyl analogues also follow this rule. In addition, the N-heterocyclic pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline and acridine analogues also interact with the contraluminal NMeN+ transporter, when their pK
a values are higher than 5.0, and, an inverse correlation between pK
a and log K
i, NMeN was observed. An exception to this rule are those hydroxy compounds of pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline that show tautomerism. These compounds slightly inhibit NMeN+ transport despite low pK
a values. The quaternary nitrogen compounds of aniline and the N-heterocyclic analogues, as far as tested, all interact with the contraluminal NMeN+ transporter in relation to their hydrophobicity. The data indicate that the contraluminal NMeN+ transporter interacts with N-compounds according to their hydrophobicity and/or according to their basicity (affinity to protons). The reason for deviation of the aniline analogues and the OH-tautomeric heterocyclic N-compounds from this behaviour is discussed. 相似文献
60.
We examined the role of the type of support provided, gender of support provider, and relationship quality in predicting how
social support might influence cardiovascular reactivity during acute stress in women. A group of 88 women received either
emotional, instrumental, or no support from a close female or male friend while performing a series of speech tasks. Results
suggest that the effectiveness of social support for women depended primarily on the quality of the friendship (i.e., purely
positive, or ambivalent). More specifically, women who interacted with a female, ambivalent friend had the largest changes
in diastolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and pre-ejection period compared to the other conditions.
Furthermore, receiving emotional support from a purely positive friend was related to lower increases in cardiac output (CO)
compared to a no-support condition. In contrast, receiving emotional support from an ambivalent friend was related to larger
increases in CO and only small changes in TPR when compared to individuals in the no-support condition. These data are discussed
in light of the psychosocial processes underlying social support effects in women, and the importance of a more comprehensive
view of how close relationships influence cardiovascular function.
This research was generously supported by Grant1 R01 MH58690-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health awarded to Bert
N. Uchino. 相似文献