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22.
Tom Lindfors Carita Kvarnström Ari Ivaska 《Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland)》2002,518(2):131-138
Electrically conducting soluble polyaniline (PANI), containing different amounts of a bulky lipophilic cationic additive, tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl), was studied by Raman (λexc=780 nm) and UV–vis spectroscopy. PANI was made simultaneously electrically conducting and soluble with bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]phosphoric acid in dichloromethane. The PANI membranes were prepared by drop casting on glassy carbon or ITO substrates. Raman and UV–vis measurements were carried out in a 0.1 M CaCl2 solution at potentials between 400 and ?600 mV (vs. SCE) at pH 6, or alternatively at the open circuit potential at pH 10. The results of Raman, UV–vis and cyclic voltammetric measurements confirm that the incorporation of TDMACl into the PANI membrane facilitates the oxidation and reduction of PANI. 相似文献
23.
D. Davis J. Ulatowski S. Eleff M. Izuta S. Mori D. Shungu P. C. M. van Zijl 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》1994,31(4):454-460
Changes in the diffusion constant of water during reversible brain ischemia and cardiac arrest were monitored with a 10-s time resolution. Results (five cats, three rats) indicate that these changes are reversible and that the bulk of the changes are not caused by temperature or motion related to brain pulsations and blood flow. The rapid time course of the changes corresponds to the known time course for changes in energy state, signal transduction, and ionic homeostasis. 相似文献
24.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) catalyzes an exchange reaction between pyruvate and lactate. It is demonstrated here that this reaction is sufficiently fast to cause a significant magnetization (saturation) transfer effect when the 13C resonance of pyruvate is saturated by a continuous-wave (CW) RF pulse. Infusion of [2-(13)C]glucose was used to allow labeling of pyruvate C2 at 207.9 ppm to determine the pseudo first-order rate constant of the unidirectional lactate-->pyruvate flux in vivo. During systemic administration of GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline, this pseudo first-order rate constant was determined to be 0.08+/-0.01 s-1 (mean+/-SD, N=4) in halothane-anesthetized adult rat brains. In 9L and C6 rat glioma models, the 13C saturation transfer effect of the LDH reaction was also detected in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the 13C magnetization transfer effect of the LDH reaction may be useful as a novel marker for utilizing noninvasive in vivo MRS to study many physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer. 相似文献
25.
肿瘤微环境对树突细胞功能状态的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:探讨肿瘤细胞分泌的可溶性细胞因子营造的微环境对树突细胞(DCs,dendritic cells)的分化发育的影响,以进一步揭示肿瘤的免疫逃逸机制。方法:用免疫磁珠从人外周血分离CD14^ 单核细胞,加入粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)和人白血病细胞Jurkat培养上清液体外培养DCs,以正常培养诱导的DCs作为对照,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析人白血病细胞培养上清液对DCs分化发育的影响。结果:正常培养DCs与肿瘤上清液培养的DCs相比,在细胞内蛋白质和核酸的相对含量和细胞内消耗葡萄糖重新合成磷脂的量方面差异无显著性,但是,在细胞的转录状态方面差异有显著性。结论:肿瘤细胞上清液培养液所营造的微环境细胞转录水平上对DCs的功能状态有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
26.
Francisco Alcaide Enric Brillas Pere-Lluı́s Cabot 《Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland)》2004,566(1):235-240
A comparative study of an O2-diffusion cathode and a H2-diffusion anode has been performed to ascertain the limiting processes, when they are combined in a flow alkaline fuel cell with hydroperoxide ion generation. The linear sweep voltammograms and the impedance diagrams of both electrodes show large differences. The cathode reaction is charge transfer-controlled up to current densities of at least 1 A cm?2, whereas the dissociative adsorption, charge transfer and diffusion of H2 appear to limit the anode reaction. The anode, with limiting current densities of about 90 and 150 mA cm?2 for 1.0 and 6.0 M KOH, respectively, then clearly controls the hydroperoxide ion production in the fuel cell. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that, the carbon of the H2-diffusion anode does not undergo significant oxygen functionalisation during hydroperoxide ion generation in the fuel cell. 相似文献
27.
28.
Czeslaw J. Lewa Jacques D. de Certaines 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1995,5(2):242-244
Mechanical waves in magnetic resonance imaging, which have been suggested for possible clinical applications, were analyzed with regard to imaging of the viscoelastic properties of large objects. The method is based on the Larmor frequency modulation caused by the application of mechanical waves. Possible clinical applications include all diseases that result in a change in the mechanical properties of biologic tissues (eg, atherosclerosis). 相似文献
29.
Jane A. Kent-Braun PhD Khema R. Sharma MD Michael W. Weiner MD Robert G. Miller MD 《Muscle & nerve》1994,17(10):1162-1169
We investigated the role of metabolism in muscle fatigue during voluntary exercise in persons with mild multiple sclerosis (MS). Six MS and 8 healthy control subjects performed intermittent, progressive, isometric contractions of the ankle dorsiflexors, during which we measured maximum voluntary force (MVC), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), and pH. During exercise. MVC fell sooner in MS, but by the end of exercise the relative decrease in MVC was similar in both groups. In contrast, at the end of exercise Pi/PCr increased to 1.86 ± 0.22 in controls but to only 0.66 ± 0.04 in MS (P < 0.01); likewise, pH was 6.75±0.04 in controls and unchanged (7.06 ± 0.04) in MS (P <0.01). The smaller metabolic change at the same relative exercise intensity suggests a failure of muscle activation that is present even in mild MS. Neurophsyiologic measures of activation indicated some central activation failure and no neuromuscular junction impairment in MS, and suggested that activation failure beyond the muscle membrane(excitation–contraction coupling) may be important in MS. We conclude that metabolic factors do not play a significant role in the development of muscle fatigue during voluntary exercise in mild MS. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
30.
Joost Doornbos Peter R. Luyten Matthijs Janssen Martin Wasser Albert De Roos 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1994,4(2):165-168
Three-dimensionally localized proton-decoupled phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy of skeletal and cardiac muscle was performed in six patients with systemic sclerosis. Cardiac (n = 9) and skeletal (n = 6) spectra were also obtained in healthy volunteers. Metabolite ratios and intracellular pH were determined from the spectra of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The phosphocreatine-to-adenosine triphosphate ratio was normal for both skeletal and cardiac muscle in patients with systemic sclerosis. The pH values of skeletal muscle were similar in patients and control subjects (7.13 ± 0.02 vs 7.12 ± 0.01, respectively). In skeletal muscle, the inorganic phosphate-to-phosphocreatine ratio in patients was increased relative to that of control subjects (0.106 ± 0.014 vs 0.086 ± 0.006, respectively; P =.02). P-31 MR spectroscopy showed no abnormalities in the myocardium of patients with systemic sclerosis. Assessment of the inorganic phosphate-to-phosphocreatine ratio in peripheral skeletal muscle may be helpful for assessing disease activity. 相似文献