PM2.5对BEAS-2B细胞脂质过氧化损伤作用

目的 用大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)刺激人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B细胞),探讨其脂质过氧化作用。方法 PM_2.5采自河南省郑州市;实验细胞为人支气管上皮细胞。用0、12.5、25 μg/mL的PM_2.5刺激BEAS-2B细胞4 h后,使用流式细胞仪检测其活性氧(ROS)水平;刺激BEAS-2B细胞8 h,用丙二醛试剂盒和超氧化物歧化酶活性测定试剂盒分别检测细胞裂解液中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果 PM_2.5作用于BEAS-2B细胞4 h,12.5、25 μg/mL染毒组ROS水平分别为(6 074.69±41.65)、(7 338.58±168.34),均明显高于对照组的(5 816.66±114.69)(P<0.01);刺激BEAS-2B细胞8 h,12.5、25 μg/mL染毒组MDA含量分别为(195.44±35.58)、(334.11±26.75) μmol/mg,均明显高于对照组的(71.14±4.21) μmol/mg(P<0.01),同时染毒组SOD活力分别为(100.08±7.54)、(80.03±7.61) U/mg,均低于对照组的(159.91±10.59) U/mg(P<0.01)。结论 PM_2.5可以引起BEAS-2B细胞脂质过氧化损伤。     

蔓荆子提取物对小鼠造血系统辐射损伤的防护作用

目的 探讨蔓荆子提取物对小鼠造血系统辐射损伤的防护作用。 方法 （1）体外细胞实验：提取小鼠骨髓细胞,将骨髓细胞分为对照组、蔓荆子组、照射组和蔓荆子+照射组,蔓荆子组的给药浓度为0.01 mg/ml和0.001 mg/ml,蔓荆子+照射组的给药浓度为0.001 mg/mL,照射组和蔓荆子+照射组细胞经1 Gy照射。使用酶标仪检测细胞活力,异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）通道检测细胞的活性氧（ROS）水平,FITC和藻红蛋白（PE）通道检测细胞的凋亡水平。（2）体内实验：采用简单随机抽样法将15只C57BL/6小鼠分为对照组（n=5）、照射组（n=5）和蔓荆子+照射组（n=5）。对照组小鼠进行假照射（0 Gy）,照射组和蔓荆子+照射组小鼠进行一次性2 Gy全身照射。将蔓荆子提取物用二甲基亚砜（DMSO）配制为 500 mg/ml 的蔓荆子溶液,灌胃前用生理盐水稀释,蔓荆子+照射组小鼠于照射前给予蔓荆子提取物（400 mg/kg）0.2 ml,连续给药7 d,照射后10 d处死小鼠。使用全自动血液分析仪分别对外周血血细胞和骨髓有核细胞（BMNC）计数,使用流式细胞仪分析造血干/祖细胞的数量和百分比,检测骨髓造血细胞内ROS水平、人磷酸化组蛋白H2A变异体（γH2AX）和磷酸化的p38（pp38）的表达。符合正态分布的计量资料的2组间比较采用独立样本t检验（方差齐）。 结果 （1）体外细胞实验：与照射组比较,0.001 mg/mL蔓荆子+照射组的骨髓细胞活力明显提高（585 485.00±37 335.80对460 384.55±53 786.37）,ROS水平降低（12 260.67±232.34对17 969.67±467.24）,凋亡细胞百分比显著降低[（28.97±0.32）% 对 （35.33±0.35）%],且差异均有统计学意义（t=4.245、18.950、23.161,均P<0.01）。（2）体内实验：与照射组相比,蔓荆子+照射组小鼠的BMNC数量[（23.34±3.01）×106个/只对（16.73±2.57）×106个/只]、白细胞数量[（2.80±0.35）×109个/L对（2.21±0.24）×109个/L]、红细胞数量[（10.54±0.51）×1012个/L对（9.68±0.26）×1012个/L]、血小板数量[（339.80±49.42）×109个/L对（289.40±54.08）×109个/L]和血红蛋白含量[（139.20±3.66） g/L对（129.20±3.87） g/L]均升高,且差异均有统计学意义（t=2.582、2.824、2.999、1.376、9.739,均P<0.01）。与照射组比校,蔓荆子+照射组小鼠造血祖细胞的数量[（34916.03±697.36）个/只对（26388.04±241.78）个/只]和百分比[（29.83±4.32）%对（22.76±2.20）%]升高,造血干细胞的数量[（2 074.00±23.12）个/只对（929.40±166.52）个/只]升高,且差异均有统计学意义（t=5.423、9.171、3.175,均P<0.01）;造血干/祖细胞中的ROS水平下降[（7 750.20±589.05）对（8 515.20±1 036.46）,（9 360.20±831.97）对（10 291.40±767.57）],差异均无统计学意义（t=1.435、1.839,P=0.189、0.103）;造血干/祖细胞中γH2AX的表达降低（693.20±4.82对751.60±32.72）, 且差异有统计学意义（t=3.064,P<0.01）;造血干/祖细胞中pp38表达降低（1 181.20±11.28对1 183.60±49.70,1 411.20±50.25对1 424.40±80.95）,差异均无统计学意义（t=0.105、0.765, P=0.014、0.310）。 结论 蔓荆子提取物通过降低造血细胞的氧化应激和抑制造血干细胞内的DNA损伤来达到辐射防护效果。     

姜黄素对LPS活化小鼠巨噬细胞活性氧影响

目的 研究低浓度姜黄素(curcumin)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)活化巨噬细胞产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)和发生凋亡的影响。方法 体外培养小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7, 用LPS(0、0.5、2和8 μg/mL)诱导细胞, 或采用低浓度姜黄素(7.5 μmol/L)与LPS同时作用于巨噬细胞;流式细胞术分析活性氧(ROS)、线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP)和细胞凋亡。结果 随LPS浓度增加, 小鼠巨噬细胞内ROS增加;高浓度的LPS 导致细胞线粒体功能损伤和凋亡;与对照组比较, 姜黄素处理后, 细胞内活性氧由(8.1±0.8)下降到(6.6±1.3), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与LPS单独作用比较, 姜黄素处理后细胞内活性氧由(61.9±5.3)下降到(47.9±3.8), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);低浓度的姜黄素对RAW264.7细胞MMP无明显影响, 但与LPS单独作用比较, 姜黄素处理后细胞内MMP由(37.9±4.7)下降到(33.1±3.4), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);低浓度姜黄素单独作用未导致发生明显凋亡或坏死, 与LPS作用比较, 姜黄素明显减少LPS活化后凋亡和坏死细胞的百分率, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 低浓度姜黄素降低了ROS而减轻LPS活化小鼠巨噬细胞的凋亡。     

药用昆虫金环胡蜂及其混伪品DNA条形码鉴别研究

目的：以COI序列作为DNA条形码对药用昆虫金环胡蜂及其混伪品进行物种鉴别,探讨快速、准确鉴别金环胡蜂及其混伪品的方法。方法：以COI条形码序列为基础,对金环胡蜂及其近缘种混伪品黄纹大胡蜂进行总DNA提取、PCR扩增和双向测序,并比对GenBank中金环胡蜂及其混伪品的COI序列,继而用MEGA6.06软件对所有序列进行分析、计算种内及种间遗传距离,并用邻接（Neighbor-Joining,NJ）法构建出系统进化树。结果：金环胡蜂及黄纹大胡蜂COI序列扩增成功。金环胡蜂与其混伪品COI序列种间最小遗传距离为0.152±0.017,远大于金环胡蜂种内的最大遗传距离0.009±0.004。构建出的系统进化树图也明确显示,各物种都形成了独立的分支。结论：基于COI序列的DNA条形码技术可有效鉴别药用昆虫金环胡蜂及其混伪品,为其质量控制和市场监管提供了新的技术手段,保证金环胡蜂相关药材的安全性。     

高糖对人腹膜间皮细胞生成活性氧的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度的葡萄糖对人腹膜间皮细胞（human peritoneal mesothelial cells,HPMCs）生成活性氧的影响。[方法]HPMCs体外培养并进行免疫组化鉴定,取第3代细胞用于实验。分别按照不同的实验要求将细胞分组。不同葡萄糖浓度干预组：①空白对照组;②1．5％葡萄糖组;③2．5％葡萄糖组;④4．25％葡萄糖组。不同作用时间组：①空白对照组;②2．5％葡萄糖组。两组细胞分别培养12、24、48h。应用流式细胞仪检测细胞对氧化剂敏感的2．7-二氢二氯荧光素（2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein,DCFH）发生氧化所产生的荧光量,从而间接的反映细胞内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）的水平,观察随葡萄糖浓度变化及不同作用时间对人腹膜间皮细胞产生活性氧的影响。[结果]（1）与空白对照组比较,高糖干预人腹膜间皮细胞后,其细胞内平均荧光强度明显升高（P〈0．05）,并且随葡萄糖浓度升高而逐渐增高,其中4．25％葡萄糖组最高。（2）与空白对照组比较,随着时间的延长,高糖作用下细胞内平均荧光强度明显升高（P〈0．05）,培养48h其水平最高。[结论]高糖可刺激体外培养的人腹膜间皮细胞ROS的生成。     

福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的物种多样性调查

目的 调查福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的分布情况及物种多样性,为恙虫病防制提供参考依据.方法 笼日法捕鼠,检获鼠体恙螨,对其鉴定、计数.用带螨率、带螨指数及优势种反映恙螨的种群构成及密度;采用丰富度、Shan-non-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数及Simpson优势度指数分析恙螨的物种多样性.结果...     

Acoustic triggered nanobomb for US imaging guided sonodynamic therapy and activating antitumor immunity

We fabricated an ultrasound activated ‘nanobomb’ as a noninvasive and targeted physical therapeutic strategy for sonodynamic therapy and priming cancer immunotherapy. This ‘nanobomb’ was rationally designed via the encapsulation of indocyanine green (ICG) and perfluoropentane (PFP) into cRGD peptide-functionalized nano-liposome. The resulting Lip-ICG-PFP-cRGD nanoparticle linked with cRGD peptide could actively targeted ID8 and TC-1 cells and elicits ROS-mediated apoptosis after triggered by low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU). Moreover, the phase change of PFP (from droplets to microbubbles) under LIFU irradiation can produce a large number of microbubbles, which act as intra-tumoral bomber and can detonate explode tumor cells by acoustic cavitation effect. Instant necrosis of tumor cells further induces the release of biologically active damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to facilitate antitumor immunity. More important, the ‘nanobomb’ in combination with anti-PD-1checkpoint blockade therapy can significantly improve the antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous model. In addition, the liposomes may also be used as an imaging probe for ultrasound (US) imaging after being irradiated with LIFU. In summary, the US imaging-guided, LIFU activated ROS production and explosion ‘nanobomb’ might significantly improve the antitumor efficacy and overcome drug resistance through combination of SDT and immunotherapy, we believe that this is a promising approach for targeted therapy of solid tumor including ovarian cancer.     

中俄边境中部地区不同生境鼠类初步调查研究

目的调查2008年中俄边境中部地区不同生境鼠的种类组成和携带体外寄生虫的情况。方法采用夹夜法捕鼠。结果本次调查共捕获啮齿类动物4科7属计266只,同时捕获啮齿类动物的体外寄生虫蚤371只、螨133只、蜱1只。4种生境分布的鼠种的多样性不同,田地的鼠种多样性最高,其次为草地及林区,口岸的鼠种最为单一。同时,所有生境下捕获黑线姬鼠占21%,黑线仓鼠占21%,长尾黄鼠占16%,东方田鼠占13%,大林姬鼠占11%,棕背鼠平占10%,花鼠占7%及褐家鼠占1%。结论为中俄边境地区深入开展鼠类防治研究提供了重要依据。     

Oxaliplatin-loaded nanoemulsion containing Teucrium polium L. essential oil induces apoptosis in Colon cancer cell lines through ROS-mediated pathway

Oxaliplatin (Oxa)-associated adverse side effects have considerably limited the clinical use of the drug in colon cancer therapy. Mutant p53 has diverse mutational profiles in colon cancer, and it influences the potencies of various chemotherapeutic drugs, including Oxa. Thus, it would be highly beneficial to identify an alternative therapeutic strategy that not only reduces the toxicity of Oxa, but also exerts a synergistic effect against colon cancers, regardless of their p53 profiles. The present study was aimed at preparing and optimizing Teucrium polium L. essential oil nanoemulsion (TPO-NANO) and investigating its effect on the sensitivity of colon cancer cells with differences in p53 status (HCT116 wild-type and HT-29 mutant-type) to Oxa. The viability of treated cells was determined and the combination index (CI) was calculated. Morphological changes were determined under inverted microscopy, while percentage apoptosis was assayed using flow cytometry. Intracellular ROS and the protein levels of p53 and Bax were measured. The colony-forming potential of treated cells was determined using colony assay. The size of TPO-NANO was markedly increased from 12.90 ± 0.04 nm to 14.47 ± 0.53 nm after loading Oxa (p ≤ 0.05). The combination (Oxa + TPO-NANO) produced a synergetic effect in HCT116 and HT-29, with CI of 0.94 and 0.88, respectively. Microscopic examination and flow cytometric analysis revealed that cells treated with Oxa + TPO-NANO had a higher percentage of apoptosis than cells exposed to monotherapy. Cumulatively, Oxa exerted an apoptotic effect on wild or mutant p53 colon cancer cells when combined with TPO-NANO, through a mechanism involving ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis.