双醋瑞因与玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射治疗膝关节骨关节炎疗效观察

目的探讨双醋瑞因与玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射治疗膝关节骨关节炎（OA）的疗效。方法选取门诊及住院膝关节OA患者120例，随机分为双醋瑞因组和玻璃酸钠组，应用平均WOMAC关节炎指数评分和平均OA严重程度指数来评定2组用药前后临床症状改善情况以及关节磁共振成像（MRI）检测关节软骨结构与功能的改变情况，并作统计学分析。结果平均WOMAC关节炎指数和平均OA严重程度指数评分变化，玻璃酸钠组治疗后3，6个月较双醋瑞因组改善明显（P均〈0．01）；治疗后12个月持续下降，但以玻璃酸钠组为甚，2组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05），且2组与治疗前比较均有显著性差异（P均〈0．01）；治疗6个月后，玻璃酸钠组与双醋瑞因组较治疗前软骨磨损出现明显好转与减少（P均〈0．01），2组间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论双醋瑞因与玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射均为治疗膝关节OA有效手段，玻璃酸钠较双醋瑞因改善症状明显，远期疗效改善软骨磨损无差异。     

Dietary Patterns of 479 Indonesian Adults and Their Associations with Sodium and Potassium Intakes Estimated by Two 24-h Urine Collections

The excess sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake are frequently observed all over the world, including Indonesia. This study explored the dietary patterns of Indonesian people and evaluated their associations with Na and K intakes. Na and K intakes were assessed by repeated 24-h urine collection. The dietary patterns of the previous month were extracted by factor analysis using the Indonesian Food Frequency Questionnaire. The participants were community-dwelling Indonesian men and women (n = 479) aged 20 years and over. We identified four dietary patterns in each sex. After controlling for confounding factors, the high quantile of ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern was associated with the high Na intake in both men and women (p = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). The ‘Meat, vegetable, oil, and fruit’ pattern statistically significantly contributed to the high K intake in men (p = 0.04), but not in women (p = 0.26). The ‘Vegetable, non-oil, and milk’ pattern in men and ‘Meat, vegetable, and fruit’ pattern in women were associated with low Na:K ratios (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Neither ‘bread’ nor ‘fish’ appeared as a major determinant of any dietary patterns in this population. The ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern should be avoided to reduce sodium intake.     

丙戊酸钠慢性作用及停药后对C6神经胶质瘤细胞GAT-3及GABA-TmRNA表达的影响

目的通过研究丙戊酸钠(VPA)慢性作用及停药后对C6神经胶质瘤细胞γ-氨基丁酸转运体-3(GAT-3)和γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶(GABA-T) mRNA表达水平的影响,从星形胶质细胞的角度来探讨VPA的停药反跳机制。方法用含50 mg/L VPA的DMEM培养基将C6细胞培养2周后制成VPA慢性作用模型,采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测VPA慢性作用及停药后对C6神经胶质瘤细胞GAT-3和GABA-T mRNA表达水平的变化。结果(1)在VPA慢性作用下,相对灰度值(RV值,即GAT-3、GABA-T电泳条带与相应的β-actin灰度积分的百分比)为(39.1±0.5)%,低于正常对照组的(46±1.3)%;各停药组的RV值均低于VPA慢性作用组,其中停药24 h组的最低,为(11.7±1.6)%,停药30 min组的最高,为(38.9±0.6)%;而停药48 h组又升高到(33.5±1.1)%。(2)VPA慢性作用组[RV值为(71.31±6.91)%]与对照组[RV值为(34.77±3.26)%]相比,GABA-T mRNA表达明显上调;各停药组与VPA慢性作用组相比GABA-T mRNA的表达明显下调,其中停药12 h组[RV值为(25.36±7.68)%]降至最低。结论VPA慢性作用可使GAT-3 mRNA的表达下调,使GABA-T mRNA表达上调。VPA慢性作用后停药造成的GAT-3和GABA-T mRNA表达水平的波动可能与VPA停药反跳有关。     

大鼠长期服苯妥英锌或苯妥英钠对体内锌铜代谢的影响

本文用原子吸收分光光度法测定了大鼠分别服用苯妥英锌和苯妥英钠13周后(每天剂量为12mg/kg体重),肝脏、全脑、齿龈和血清锌铜的含量。苯妥英锌使齿龈和肝脏锌分别增高80％和49％,全脑和血清锌分别降低39％和35％,而苯妥英钠使齿龈和肝脏锌分别降低70％和28％,血清锌增高41％。两药均使全脑和齿龈铜降低。     

不同镇痛方式对烧伤植皮患者术后血浆炎症因子水平的影响

目的:观察双氯芬酸钠组与盐酸哌替啶对烧伤植皮患者术后血浆炎症因子水平的影响.方法:临床纳入烧伤植皮患者70例,根据术后镇痛药物的不同分为研究组与对照组.研究组给予双氯芬酸钠,对照组给予盐酸哌替啶.采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)对两组患者镇痛前后进行疼痛评分.观察两组患者镇痛前后血浆白细胞介素-6、8(IL-6、IL-8)以及肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的水平以及两组患者镇痛期间不良反应发生情况.结果:镇痛前,两组患者疼痛VAS评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05).给药1、2、4h后,研究组疼痛VAS评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组给药后12 h IL-6、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);研究组给药后8、12、24 h IL-8水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).镇痛期间,研究组恶心呕吐以及嗜睡的发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:双氯芬酸钠组用于烧伤植皮患者术后镇痛,起效时间快,能够改善患者血浆炎症因子水平,值得推广.     

骨刺消合剂对膝骨关节炎患者血清中超氧化物歧化酶、一氧化氮及肿瘤坏死因子α的影响

目的：观察骨刺消合剂对膝骨关节炎患者血清中 SOD、NO 和 TNF-α的影响。方法将60例膝骨关节炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组30例,服用骨刺消合剂;对照组30例,采用膝关节腔注射玻璃酸钠,观察2组治疗前后血清中 SOD、NO 和 TNF-α的影响。结果2组血清 SOD 含量均提高,NO 和 TNF-α的含量均下降,与治疗前比较有统计学意义（P ＜0.01,P ＜0.05）,且治疗组优于对照组（P ＜0.05）。结论骨刺消合剂能保护软骨及其基质免受继发性侵害,延缓关节软骨的退变速度,改善关节软骨的营养和代谢,促进软骨修复,防治膝骨关节炎的发生。     

Genotoxicity studies of glycidol fatty acid ester (glycidol linoleate) and glycidol

Glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) are found in refined edible oils. Safety concerns have been alleged due to the possible release of glycidol (G), an animal carcinogen.     

A FAMILY WITH LIDDLE'S SYNDROME CAUSED BY A MUTATION IN THE β SUBUNIT OF THE EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL

Liddle's syndrome is a rare form of autosomal-dominant salt-sensitive hypertension.Constitutive activation of the amiloride-sensitive distal renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is essential for salt-sensitive hypertension. Recently, several DNA analysis studies have indicated that there is a mutation of C-terminus of either the β or γ subunit. We sequenced the C-termini of the β and γ subunits of the ENaC in a Japanese family with hypertension and hypopotassemia without excess minerarocorticoids, clinically diagnosed as Liddle's syndrome. The mutation of the ENaC of this family was β R564X. Since such case seem to be rare in the literature, detailed data are shown in this report.     

Dopamine,the Kidney and Essential Hypertension Studies with Gludopa

The formation and action of intrarenal dopamine is reviewed, as also is the evidence for the use of y-L-glutamyl-L-dopa as a relatively renally specific dopaminergic pro-drug. ‘Salt sensitive’ patients with essential hypertension may have a fault in the renal mobilisation of dopamine by sodium chloride. This failure of sodium to dopamine coupling may be particularly prevalent in the Negro race.     

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Reveals an Important Role for the Renin System in the Control of Normal and High Blood Pressure in Man

Captopril, given for 5 days to normotensive healthy subjects caused a significant fall in blood pressure. The fall in mean supine blood pressure was greater on a low sodium diet (10 mmols/ day) - 19.6% and was less on a high sodium diet (350 mmols/day) - 11% compared to the normal sodium intake (120 mmols/day) when the fall in blood pressure was 16.5%. Patients with essential hypertension who were studied on their normal diet had a similar fall in blood pressure for a given plasma renin activity. It seems likely that the predominant mechanism whereby captopril lowers blood pressure is through the inhibition of the formation of angiotensin II. If this is so, our results suggest that the renin system is an important control of both normal and high blood pressure when on a normal sodium intake.