Quantification of active ingredients in suppositories by FT‐Raman spectroscopy

An efficient method for the quantitative determination of acetaminophen (AAP) and diclofenac sodium (DS) in commercial suppositories based on partial least squares (PLS) treatment of FT‐Raman spectra is described. The relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) were calculated for calibration and validation data sets to evaluate the quality of the constructed models. In the case of DS determination, RSEP error values of 1.9 % and 2.3 % for the calibration and validation data sets, respectively, were found. For AAP these errors amounted to 1.6–2.3 % and 1.8–2.8 %, respectively, for the different calibration models. Four commercial preparations containing 5, 12.5, 16.7 and 33.3 % (w/w) AAP and one containing 5 % (w/w) DS were successfully quantified using the developed models. Concentrations derived from the developed models correlated strongly with the declared values and yielded recoveries of 99.4–100.2 % and 99.6 % for AAP and DS, respectively. The proposed procedure can be used as a fast, economic and reliable method for quantification of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in suppositories. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Resin infiltration of deproteinised natural occlusal subsurface lesions improves initial quality of fissure sealing

The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the infiltration capability and rate of microleakage of a low-viscous resin infiltrant combined with a flowable composite resin (RI/CR) when used with deproteinised and etched occlusal subsurface lesions (International Caries Detection and Assessment System code 2). This combined treatment procedure was compared with the exclusive use of flowable composite resin (CR) for fissure sealing. Twenty premolars and 20 molars revealing non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions were randomly divided into two groups and were meticulously cleaned and deproteinised using NaOCl (2%). After etching with HCl (15%), 10 premolar and 10 molar lesions were infiltrated (Icon/DMG; rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC)-labelled) followed by fissure sealing (G-?nial Flo/GC; experimental group, RI/CR). In the control group (CR), the carious fissures were only sealed. Specimens were cut perpendicular to the occlusal surface and through the area of the highest demineralisation (DIAGNOdent pen, KaVo). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy, the specimens were assessed with regard to the percentage of caries infiltration, marginal adaption and internal integrity. Within the CR group, the carious lesions were not infiltrated. Both premolar (57.9%± 23.1%) and molar lesions (35.3%± 22.1%) of the RI/CR group were uniformly infiltrated to a substantial extent, albeit with significant differences (P=0.034). Moreover, microleakage (n=1) and the occurrence of voids (n=2) were reduced in the RI/CR group compared with the CR group (5 and 17 specimens, respectively). The RI/CR approach increases the initial quality of fissure sealing and is recommended for the clinical control of occlusal caries.     

高氧对新生大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞上皮钠通道转运功能的影响

目的 探讨高氧对新生大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮(alveolar epithelial typeⅡ,ATⅡ)细胞钠转运功能的影响.方法 分离提取新生大鼠ATⅡ细胞,随机分成高氧组和对照组,分别在氧浓度为85％和21％的细胞培养箱中原代培养.应用Western blot方法和全细胞膜片钳技术检测高氧暴露后上皮钠通道(epithelial sodium channel,ENaC)蛋白表达变化及高氧对阿米洛利敏感性钠电流的影响.结果 高氧使新生大鼠ATⅡ细胞中β-ENaC和γ-ENaC表达增加[β-ENaC:(1 d:0.43±0.06 vs0.32 ±0.04,P=0.047;2 d:0.73 ±0.06 vs 0.50±0.08,P=0.019;3 d:0.72±0.08 vs 0.52±0.06,P=0.027);γ-ENaC:(1 d:0.64 ±0.05 vs 0.53 ±0.05,P =0.044;2 d:0.76 ±0.03 vs 0.52 ±0.04,P =0.001;3 d:0.77±0.06 vs 0.61 ±0.05,P=0.025)],同时使阿米洛利敏感性钠电流增强(1 d:13.71±2.77 vs 8.92±1.38,P＜0.001;2 d:29.12±11.03 vs 10.41±1.80,P＜0.001),面对α-ENaC表达表现出一定的抑制作用(1 d:0.31 ±0.05 vs 0.46 ±0.05,P =0.025;2 d:0.30 ±0.01 vs 0.38 ±0.02,P =0.002;3 d:0.37 ±0.06vs 0.37 ±0.08,P=0.983).结论 高氧促进了 ATⅡ细胞ENaC钠转运功能,ENaC功能障碍并非高氧暴露后肺水肿发生的主要原因.     

Protective effects of Terminalia arjuna against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Terminalia arjuna has been marked as a potential cardioprotective agent since vedic period. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark (TA-05) on Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. Male wistar rats were used as in vivo model for the study. TA-05 was administered orally to Wistar rats at different doses (0.42 mg/kg, 0.85 mg/kg, 1.7 mg/kg, 3.4 mg/kg and 6.8 mg/kg) for 6 days/week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, all the animals except saline and TA-05-treated controls were administered 20 mg/kg Dox intraperitonially. There was a significant decrease in myocardial superoxide dismutase (38.94%) and reduced glutathione (23.84%) in animals treated with Dox. Concurrently marked increase in serum creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) activity (48.11%) as well as increase in extent of lipid peroxidation (2.55-fold) was reported. Co-treatment of TA-05 and Dox resulted in an increase in the cardiac antioxidant enzymes, decrease in serum CKMB levels and reduction in lipid peroxidation as compared to Dox-treated animals. Electron microscopic studies in Dox-treated animals revealed mitochondrial swelling, Z-band disarray, focal dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and lipid inclusions, whereas the concurrent administration of TA-05 led to a lesser degree of Dox-induced histological alterations. These findings suggest that butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark has protective effects against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and may have potential as a cardioprotective agent.     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术患者IL-6和TNF-α的影响

目的：探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术后患者炎症细胞因子的影响,并进一步观察术后镇痛效果。方法本组患者60例,年龄40~65岁,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,择期在全麻下行髋关节置换术。随机分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。麻醉前20 min观察组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg（用生理盐水稀释成4 mL）,对照组静脉注射生理盐水4 mL。分别于静推帕瑞昔布钠或生理盐水前10 min（T1）、术毕（T2）、术后6 h（T3）、术后12 h（T4）、术后24 h（T5）采上肢静脉血样,测定IL-6、TNF-α的血浆浓度。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h镇痛效果。结果患者血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。患者血浆TNF-α浓度于T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆TNF-α浓度在T4、T5时间点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组患者在术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛可有效缓解全髋关节置换术患者术后疼痛,抑制炎性介质释放,降低神经系统敏感性,利于患者术后康复。     

BERH-2肝癌大鼠红细胞膜K~+依赖性磷酸酶的活性

BERH-2肝癌大鼠红细胞膜K~+依赖性磷酸酶活性与正常大鼠无显著差异。但是,K~+对酶的变构激活及F~-对酶的变构抑制却差别显著,其Hill系数不同于正常大鼠。此差别在0.10mg/ml Triton X-100存在时消失,因此,Hill系数的差异可能由于BERH-2肝癌大鼠红细胞膜中脂质成分与正常的不同所致。     

摄入超量焦亚硫酸钠对小鼠肾脏显微结构的影响

目的研究超量焦亚硫酸钠摄入对小鼠肾显微结构的影响,探讨焦亚硫酸钠对小鼠的毒性作用。方法健康雄性昆明属小鼠,随机分对照组和实验组,对照组小鼠喂食自来水,实验组小鼠代以1%焦亚硫酸钠溶液喂食。10 d后,处死小鼠,取出肾,常规石蜡制片染色,光镜观察。结果实验组小鼠肾组织中,近曲小管细胞的胞质呈水样变性。结论1%焦亚硫酸钠对小鼠肾脏有毒性作用。     

巯基化合物对毒鼠强急性中毒小鼠的保护作用

目的：探讨巯基化合物对毒鼠强急性中毒小鼠的解毒作用。方法：通过小鼠急性毒性实验,观察多种巯基化合物的解毒作用。结果：巯基化合物能不同程度地延长毒鼠强中毒小鼠的惊厥潜伏期及死亡时间,二巯丙磺纳及二巯丁二纳还可明显降低中毒小鼠死亡率。结论：二巯丙磺纳和二巯丁二钠对毒鼠强中毒小鼠有明显的保护作用,尤以二巯丙磺钠为最佳（Ｐ〈０．００１）。     

硫代硫酸钠治疗慢性肾脏病患者血管钙化临床应用进展

近年来,慢性肾脏病(CKD)作为世界范围内主要的公共卫生问题受到越来越多的关注.慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常(CKD-MBD)是由于CKD的矿物质及骨代谢异常综合征所致,严重地影响了 CKD患者的生存率和生活质量.血管钙化是CKD-MBD的临床表现之一,其包括:动脉内膜钙化、中膜钙化、心脏瓣膜钙化和钙化防御.目前临床上还未...