18F-FDG符合线路显像在乳腺癌诊断中的初步应用

目的研究18F-FDGSPECT/CT符合线路正电子显像在鉴别乳腺肿块性质和乳腺癌术前淋巴结转移分期中的应用价值。方法22例有乳腺肿块的女性患者行SPECT/CT符合线路18F-FDG显像,患者禁食6h以上,肘静脉注射18F-FDG185MBq～296MBq。静注60min后开始发射和X线CT透射扫描,然后进行符合线路PET连续采集30min。图像经X线衰减校正和有序子集最大期望值法(COSEM)叠代重建后,得到横断面、冠状面、矢状面三维断层图像及CT与FDGSPECT的融合图像。结果22例患者均通过手术切除治疗并获得病理结果。其中,乳腺癌16例,乳腺良性肿瘤6例。FDGSPECT诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异性和准确度分别是93.75%、100%和95.45%,明显高于乳腺X射线摄片。16例乳腺癌患者,15例FDGSPECT分期与临床手术分期一致。利用SPECT/CT仪所配备的定位CT,15例乳腺癌患者的病灶可准确定位。结论SPECT/CT符合线路18F-FDG显像在乳腺癌的诊断、转移灶定位以及临床分期方面具有重要的临床应用价值。     

抑郁症的基础与认知激活脑SPECT显像

目的通过抑郁症患者基础和认知激活局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）灌注显像的半定量分析，评估抑郁症患者的脑血流灌注异常。方法选择２７例未经抗抑郁治疗、ＩＣＤ１０分类为中度抑郁发作伴躯体症状的患者，１５例年龄匹配的健康人作正常对照。２７例患者中２１例、１５例健康人中１３例行双日法基础与认知激活脑ｒＣＢＦ显像；另６例患者及２例健康人仅行基础脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像。认知激活采用Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验。半定量分析在横断面图像７～１１帧上进行，将各ＲＯＩ的平均计数与同侧小脑的最高计数相除，得到各ＲＯＩ的ｒＣＢＦ比值。结果抑郁症左额叶和左颞叶的基础ｒＣＢＦ值均为０７２０，明显低于对照组（０７６４和０７５０，Ｐ＜００５）；左额、左颞、左顶叶的认知激活ｒＣＢＦ值分别为０７１９、０６９０及０７０１，明显低于对照组（０７８２、０７５２和０７６６，Ｐ＜００１和Ｐ＜００５）。结论①抑郁症患者存在左额叶、左颞叶的局部血流低灌注。②额叶、颞叶皮层低灌注可能是引起抑郁症认知障碍、心境低落的原因。③Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验认知激活脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像有助于提高抑郁症的诊断准确性     

Use of a Paracorporeal Pneumatic Ventricular Assist Device for Postoperative Cardiogenic Shock in Two Children with Complex Cardiac Lesions

Pneumatic ventricular assist device (VAD) was utilized for cardiogenic shock after intracardiac operation in two children with complex cardiac anomalies based with single ventricle. In the first case (a 10-year-old), after a modified Fontan operation, VAD was placed between the functional left atrium and ascending aorta, serving as a "artificial single ventricle" with neither pumping chamber nor artificial support in the right side of the heart. The systemic circulation was maintained by keeping relatively high central venous pressure. In another child (a 3-year-old) who underwent repair of incompetent atrioventricular valve leaving intracardiac lesions, VAD was placed between the common atrium and ascending aorta, serving as a pump for both pulmonary and systemic circulation with regulation of pulmonary blood flow through an aortopulmonary Gore-Tex shunt. The circulatory assist with VAD was utilized for 5 and 6 days, respectively. Although weaning from the device was not feasible in both patients because of the pulmonary dysfunction, these experience showed the possible use of VAD for cardiogenic shock after surgery in patients with complex cardiac anomalies.     

Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of a new penem antibiotic,FCE 22101, in healthy volunteers after a single intravenous dose

Summary The clinical tolerance and pharmacokinetics of FCE 22101 (sodium (5R, 6S)-6-[(1R)-hydroxyethyl]-2-carbamoyloxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate), a new penem antibiotic, have been studied after giving a single i.v. dose of 4 mg·kg^–1 to ten healthy male volunteers. The pharmacokinetics was estimated according to a two-compartment open model. The peak plasma concentration (C_max) was 15.5 (1.08) µg·ml^–1, mean (SEM). FCE 22101 was rapidly cleared from the systemic circulation [ =44.2 (4.2) min; CL=7.21 (0.47) ml·kg^–1·min^–1]. The mean apparent volume of distribution at steady-state was 246 (16.9) ml·kg^–1. The mean residence time relative to the 10 min infusion was 39.4 (1.5)min. Urinary recovery of FCE 22101 showed wide inter-subject variation, ranging from 10.2 to 53.6% of the dose. No subject complained of adverse effects.     

抗乙酰胆碱受体单链抗体对致病性抗体结合活性的抑制作用

为探讨单链抗体 (ScFv )对重症肌无力 (MG )的特异性免疫治疗作用 ,从分离自MG患者胸腺的抗乙酰胆碱受体(AchR )抗原结合片段Fab6 37构建单链抗体ScFv6 37。应用放射免疫测定法测定了ScFv6 37与刺激抗原人AchR的特异性结合活性以及与相关抗原大鼠AchR和电鳐AchR的交叉反应 ,应用竞争性ELISA测定抑制致病性抗AchR完整抗体IgG6 37与人AchR结合活性。结果发现ScFv6 37只能与人AchR结合 ,不能与大鼠和电鳐的AchR结合。对IgG6 37与人AchR结合的抑制率为 17 5 %～ 32 9%。表明单链抗体对AchR具有一定的“保护”作用。     

Cloning and analysis of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense ILNat 2.1 VSG gene

Genes encoding various Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs) show considerable conservation among different members of this species, known as isotypes. The occurrence of isotypes in other salivarian trypanosomes has not been well documented. We have cloned sequences encoding Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense ILNat 2.1 VSG, and used it in DNA blot hybridization analyses of this and other T. congolense clones originating from geographically separate regions of East Africa. The data indicate that the expression of ILNat 2.1 VSG gene proceeds by duplicative transposition resulting in the presence of an extra expression-linked copy in the expressing clones examined. Furthermore the ILNat 2.1 VSG gene sequence is absent or has greatly diverged, in all other T. (N.) congolense clones that belong to different serodemes. This suggests that some T. (N.) congolense VSGs may be limited to their respective antigen repertoires. The data are discussed in the light of their implications for antigenic variation in T. (N.) congolense, and parasite epidemiology.     

Some aspects of structural disturbances in the DNP complex when damaged by N-nitroso-N-methylurea

The effect of solubilization of deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNP) in a medium of near-physiological ionic strength after treatment with the mutagen N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) is highly dependent on the NMU concentration. To convert DNP into a soluble state, the critical number of groups in the DNA and protein must evidently be modified. On the basis of data obtained by the circular dichroism method and by viscosimetry it is concluded that after treatment with NMU the DNP complex becomes soluble in solvents with near-physiological ionic strength largely as a result of labilization and dissociation of the DNA-protein bonds.Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Sector of Kinetics of Chemical and Biological Processes, Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Physical Methods of Investigation, D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. S Debov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 6, pp. 674–677, June, 1976.     

Induction of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells and natural killer cell-mediated lysis: distinct effects at the level of recognition and lysis in relation to target cell proliferation

The erythroleukemic K562 cell line was induced to erythroid differentiation by a variety of agents, including hemin, bleomycin, and cytosine arabinoside. The sensitivity of induced cells to binding and lysis by non-sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in agarose was studied in relation to the target cell division rate. Differentiated K562 cells formed a lower proportion of conjugates with MNC, when compared with non-induced controls. The reduction correlated significantly with the level of differentiation, irrespective of the inducer and the proliferative status. The differentiation-induced alterations of lysis, however, were strongly influenced by the modification of target cell growth rate which was caused by the differentiating agent. These data suggest that target cell differentiation has distinct effects upon the steps of recognition and lysis by natural killer cells.     

Reverse enzyme-linked immunospot assay (RELISPOT) for the detection of cells secreting immunoreactive substances

A reverse modification of the recently described enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), based on localized enzyme-substrate reactions in gel, is described for the enumeration of antigen-secreting cells using petri dishes coated with specific antibodies. As a model the detection of mouse and human immunoglobulin-secreting cells has been evaluated. Simple and sensitive, this new method, termed RELISPOT, can be adapted for the quantitation of secreted antigen thus providing additional information on the metabolic state of the population of cells tested.