实验性脾气虚大鼠血清胃泌素、胃窦G细胞的变化及黄芪建中汤的干预

[目的]探讨脾气虚证大鼠血清胃泌素（gastrin,GAS）、胃窦黏膜胃泌素分泌细胞（G）的变化及黄芪建中汤的干预作用。[方法]以三因素复合的方法复制脾气虚证大鼠模型,随后分别以黄芪建中汤低、中、高剂量对脾气虚大鼠进行复健,在干预后不同时间段,分别检测血清木糖浓度、血清肌酸磷酸激酶活性、血清GAS水平及胃窦G细胞等指标。[结果]随用药时间的延长,各用药组上述指标逐步恢复;中、高剂量组用药21天时,与同期模型组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;其中,高剂量组对G细胞数的改善作用,优于中剂量组（P〈0.05）。[结论]脾气虚证胃窦G细胞数量减少,释放GAS减少,血清GAS水平降低;黄芪建中汤对脾气虚大鼠有可靠的治疗作用,中、高剂量均为有效用药浓度,尤以高剂量更为理想。     

龟板提取物靶向BMP4通路抑制PC12细胞凋亡

目的 探讨龟板提取物（Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum extracts,TCPE）对血清饥饿诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法 采用血清饥饿3 d的方法建立PC12细胞凋亡模型,并将细胞分为对照组,模型组,TCPE低、高剂量（3、30 μg/mL）组。在施加处理因素3 d后,用MTT比色分析测定细胞吸光度值,Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测Caspase-3、BMPs信号通路的表达水平,并检测BMPs信号通路阻断后TCPE的抗凋亡作用。用Bio-Rad Quantity One凝胶分析系统对条带进行半定量分析。结果 MTT与流式细胞术结果显示,TCPE能提高PC12细胞活性,降低PC12细胞凋亡率,并呈剂量依赖性,TCPE组与模型组相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。Western blotting结果显示,TCPE能降低Caspase-3表达,增加BMP4、BMPR-IA、p-Smad1/5/8的表达,TCPE组与模型组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。TCPE对BMP2、BMP7、BMPR-II的表达没有影响,BMPR-IB没有被检测出。BMP4中和抗体减弱了TCPE的抗凋亡活性。结论 TCPE具有抑制血清饥饿诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用,且这种作用呈剂量依赖性,其作用机制可能与激活BMP4信号通路表达有关。     

基于血清代谢组学分析热习服相关代谢产物及通路特征

目的：比较热习服与未习服人员血清中小分子代谢物差异,揭示人体热习服相关血清小分子代谢物特征。方法：以70例由温到热跨域作业人员为研究对象,以跨域后暴露于自然高温高湿环境作业或人工空调舒适环境作业为标准分为热习服组（n=40）和未习服组（n=30）。收集他们跨域后60d时清晨空腹血样,标准处理后采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对血清样本进行代谢组学检测,进一步使用Progenesis QI软件和ropls R包筛选两组人员的差异小分子代谢物,并进行KEGG通路富集度分析。结果：两组间年龄和BMI差异均无统计学意义。血清代谢组学检测共发现小分子代谢物1320个,未监督聚类分析能显著预测热习服组和未习服组。两组血清样本间浓度差异在1.5倍（p＜0.05）以上的小分子代谢物89个,其中57个在热习服组升高、32个在热习服组下降;进一步发现差异小分子代谢物主要富集于氨基酸代谢和甘油磷脂代谢等13条代谢通路,涉及色氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸等通路。结论：热环境暴露下的热习服训练改变了人体血清小分子代谢物的组学特征,表现为氨基酸代谢水平增强,其可能和热耐力的维护有关。     

血清降钙素原清除率评估重型颅脑损伤肺部感染的价值

目的 对血清降钙素原清除率对于重型颅脑损伤患者肺部感染的治疗效果和预后评估价值进行分析。方法 选择2019年1月—2020年1月我院接诊的重型颅脑损伤患者80例作为本研究观察对象,所选80例重型颅脑损伤患者中包含恶化组患者40例、有效组患者40例,两组重型颅脑损伤患者全部接受血清降钙素原和血清降钙素原清除率检测,分析两组检测结果。结果 接受临床治疗前,两组重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,治疗后恶化组重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原水平显著高于有效组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;治疗后1、3、7 d,恶化组40例重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原清除率水平显著高于有效组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 临床中采取动态观察重型颅脑损伤肺部感染患者的血清降钙素原水平和血清降钙素原清除率,能够良好地预测患者肺部感染的临床治疗效果和预后情况,应该给予大力推广与应用。     

Cerebral Complications of Snakebite Envenoming: Case Studies

There are an estimated 5.4 million snakebite cases every year. People with snakebite envenoming suffer from severe complications, or even death. Although some review articles cover several topics of snakebite envenoming, a review of the cases regarding cerebral complications, especially rare syndromes, is lacking. Here, we overview 35 cases of snakebite by front-fanged snakes, including Bothrops, Daboia, Cerastes, Deinagkistrodon, Trimeresurus, and Crotalus in the Viperidae family; Bungarus and Naja in the Elapidae family, and Homoroselaps (rare cases) in the Lamprophiidae family. We also review three rare cases of snakebite by rear-fanged snakes, including Oxybelis and Leptodeira in the Colubridae family. In the cases of viper bites, most patients (17/24) were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, leading to six deaths. We then discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms that cause these complications. In cases of elapid bites, neural, cardiac, and ophthalmic disorders are the main complications. Due to the small amount of venom injection and the inability to deep bite, all the rear-fanged snakebites did not develop any severe complications. To date, antivenom (AV) is the most effective therapy for snakebite envenoming. In the six cases of viper and elapid bites that did not receive AV, three cases (two by viper and one by elapid) resulted in death. This indicates that AV treatment is the key to survival after a venomous snakebite. Lastly, we also discuss several studies of therapeutic agents against snakebite-envenoming-induced complications, which could be potential adjuvants along with AV treatment. This article organizes the diagnosis of hemotoxic and neurotoxic envenoming, which may help ER doctors determine the treatment for unidentified snakebite.     

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Binding Behaviors of Human Serum Albumin to Silver Nanoparticles

A nanoparticle, under biological milieu, is inclined to be combined with various biomolecules, particularly protein, generating an interfacial corona which provides a new biological identity. Herein, the binding interaction between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), circular dichroism (CD), and multiple spectroscopic techniques. Due to the ground state complex formed mainly through hydrophobic interactions, the fluorescence titration method proved that intrinsic fluorescence for HSA was probably statically quenched by AgNPs. The complete thermodynamic parameters were derived, indicating that the interaction between HSA and AgNPs is an entropy-driven process. Additionally, synchronous fluorescence and CD spectrum results suggested the conformational variation it has upon binding to AgNPs and the α-helix content has HSA visibly decreased. The kinetic experiments proved the double hysteresis effect has in HSA’s binding to the AgNPs surface. Moreover, the binding has between HSA and AgNPs follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic characteristic and fits the Freundlich model for multilayer adsorption. These results facilitate the comprehension about NPs’ underlying biological effects under a physiological environment and promote the secure applications of NPs biologically and medically.     

热乙醇法提取猪血白蛋白工艺改良的探讨

目的介绍运用热乙醇法提取高纯度猪血白蛋白的改良工艺流程。方法采用热乙醇法,在合适的恒温时间和pH值的条件下,分离提纯猪血清白蛋白。结果猪血白蛋白的纯度〉97％,回收率〉80％。检测结果显示,其理化指标均符合《中国生物制品规程2000年版》的要求,适合扩大到中试生产。结论该法与低温乙醇法、利凡诺法和盐析法相比,具有工艺简单、成本低、纯度和回收率高的特点。     

散血明目片对非缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞患者血液流变学的影响

目的探讨散血明目片对非缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞患者血液流变学及血清相关生化指标的影响及作用机制。方法将34例非缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞患者随机分为治疗组（17例17眼）与对照组（17例18眼）,治疗组口服散血明目片,对照组口服血栓通片,两组均同时配合其他中西医常规治疗方法。治疗2个月后比较两组临床疗效、血液流变学及血清相关生化指标的差异。结果治疗组总显效率与对照组比较,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;治疗组治疗前后低切和高切全血比黏度、红细胞电泳、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、AT-Ⅲ、lp（a）、NO、A-CL IgG阳性率、ACL IgM阳性率、LA阳性率差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;ET-1、ACL IgA阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论散血明目片是治疗非缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞的有效药物,其作用机制可能与升高AT-Ⅲ、降低lp（a）、APL在血浆中的含量、稳定ET-1/NO比值有关,在外可反映于血液流变学指标的变化。     

冻存血清的浓度分离现象与乙型肝炎病毒颗粒的分布状态

研究了冷冻储存的血清样品发生浓度分离现象的条件,讨论了它的形成机制同时发现,发生浓度分离后,上层和下层液体中血清蛋白的比率、密度,电泳图谱及HBsAg浓度,均有非常显著差异。Dane颗粒仅见于下层液体中。分部取样进一步分析表明,冷冻血清不仅有肉眼可见的分层,还有密度梯度形成,HBsAg浓度也成相应的梯度分布。这种浓度分离现象造成的冻存血清或溶液中溶质的不均匀分布,对病毒学,免疫学及分子生物学等实验研究具有普遍意义。     

艾灸血清对实验性RA滑膜细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

目的:研究艾灸血清对类风湿关节炎(RA)滑膜细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响,揭示艾灸治疗RA的机制.方法:艾灸刺激实验性RA日本大耳白兔双侧"肾俞"穴,用艾灸血清作用于兔RA滑膜细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞技术检测细胞周期.结果:RA滑膜细胞增殖受到明显抑制(17.8%),艾灸血清作用24 h后艾灸血清组G1期细胞(82.01±1.33)较正常血清对照组百分率(73.99±3.47)明显升高(P<0.05),S期细胞百分率明显减少,G2期细胞变化无显著性差异.结论:艾灸血清作用于RA滑膜细胞可抑制其增殖,并对GI/S转换期有延缓作用.