鱼油对大鼠细胞膜脂流动性的影响

研究了鱼油对脓毒症大鼠细胞膜脂流动性的影响。结果，正常大鼠肝、心、脾、肺、肾、脑、胸大肌及红细胞膜脂的流动性明显不同。脓毒症组大鼠肝、肺和红细胞膜脂的流动性明显降低（ｐ〈０．０５），肝细胞膜脂相变温度升高，当预先给脓毒症大服用４周鱼油时，肝、肺、肾、脑及红细胞膜的流动性明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０１和Ｐ〈０．０５），肝细胞膜脂相变温度降低。提示鱼油有降低炎症大鼠膜脂相变温度，改善膜脂流动状态的作用，推测鱼     

肠道菌群介导生脉方对脓毒症小鼠的治疗作用

探究生脉方（Shengmai formula,SMF）对脓毒症小鼠组织损伤、血清炎症因子和外周血固有免疫细胞比例的作用;考察肠道菌群在SMF治疗脓毒症中的作用。灌胃0.3,0.6,1.2 g/kg或腹腔注射0.6 g/kg SMF 4 d后腹腔注射20 mg/kg脂多糖（LPS）建立脓毒症模型,考察小鼠生存率,通过H&E染色观察小鼠肝、肺、肾组织病理改变,检测血清IL-6、TNF-α、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）水平;建立LPS和盲肠结扎穿刺（CLP）脓毒症模型,通过流式细胞术检测SMF灌胃或腹腔注射对外周血单核细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞比例的影响;考察抗生素（ABX）处理对SMF灌胃治疗脓毒症的影响;考察SMF灌胃小鼠的粪菌对脓毒症的治疗作用。结果表明,SMF灌胃显著提高LPS模型小鼠生存率,减轻肝、肺、肾损伤和炎性浸润,降低血清IL-6、ALT、AST、BUN、Cr水平;显著降低LPS模型24 h外周血巨噬细胞比例,下调CLP模型24 h外周血单核、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞比例。SMF腹腔注射对脓毒症模型上述指标均无显著作用。ABX...     

Paediatric intestinal transplantation: where are we now?

Intestinal transplantation (ITx) is the only curative treatment option for children with irreversible intestinal failure (IF) and complications of parenteral nutrition (PN). ITx is an immunologically difficult transplant due to the immune load of the donor gut; therefore, main causes of death and graft loss are immunological complications like sepsis or acute and chronic rejection. This article aims to help paediatricians in training understand when children should be referred for ITx, the different types of ITx, the complications these children might present with, and to learn about the journey a candidate for ITx must take with the support of the IF and ITx multidisciplinary teams (MDT).     

46,XY gonadal dysgenesis associated with congenital nephrotic syndrome and sepsis

The occurrence of nephrosis in the first 3 months of life is rare and is termed ’congenital nephrotic syndrome.’ The congenital nephrotic syndrome is a group of heterogeneous diseases with a clinical course that differs markedly from the childhood nephrotic syndrome. The coexistence of a congenital nephrotic syndrome and gonadal dysgenesis in a 46,XY karyotype with normal female external genitalia is extremely rare. Frequent severe infections are often seen in the Finnish type, but sepsis leading to death is rare in the neonatal onset of gonadal dysgenesis. This report describes an unusual case of complete XY gonadal dysgenesis in a 46,XY female neonate with the congenital nephrotic syndrome and overwhelming sepsis. Received: 4 January 1999 / Revised: 24 May 1999 / Accepted: 25 May 1999     

核因子-KB在脓毒症大鼠肾细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 研究脓毒症时核因子-kB（NF-kB）在肾细胞凋亡信号转导中的作用，探讨脓毒症时肾功能降低的机制。方法 将30只大鼠随机分为5组，其中6只作为对照组，另外24只采用盲肠结扎穿孔术（CLP）复制脓毒症模型，以术后2h、3h,4h,5h时限分为4组作为实验组。各组均测定肾脏组织NF-kB蛋白及肾细胞凋亡的情况，同时测定肾功能的变化。结果 CLP术后肾组织NF-kB蛋白表达升高，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；4h组NF-kB的含量达高峰，3h组相对较弱。CLP术后肾细胞凋亡数目与肾组织NF-kB蛋白表达相反。CLP术后血清尿素氮及肌酐增加，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 CLP所致的脓毒症过程中，NF-kB蛋白表达升高，其活性增强可抑制肾细胞凋亡。     

新生儿败血症血培养检出菌10年变迁及耐药分析

目的了解湖南省湘南地区近10年新生儿败血症病原菌的变迁及药敏变化。方法对2001年1月至2005年12月本院收治的新生儿血培养检出菌、药敏试验结果及临床用药进行回顾性调查，并与1991年1月至1995年12月的调查结果进行对比分析。结果共检出病原菌14种，292株。10年前与10年后比较，金黄色葡萄球菌（简称为金萄菌）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）检出率构成比下降，大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌等革兰阴性菌检出率构成比明显增加（P〈0．10）。各检出菌对常用抗生紊的敏感率均呈下降趋势。金萄菌对青霉素族和头孢唑啉、头孢他定，CNS对阿米卡星、头孢呋新敏感率均显著下降（P〈0．05），大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星的敏感率也在下降。结论金葡菌、CNS、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌是新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中新生儿败血症最常见的几种病原菌，对常用抗生素的敏感性10年来显著下降。     

糖尿病合并脓毒症研究进展

糖尿病会造成机体系统性损伤,导致免疫功能下降,易并发严重感染。感染时宿主反应失调可导致脓毒症,其病情凶险,患者常在短时间内出现严重器官功能障碍甚至死亡。随着世界范围内糖尿病患病率的急剧上升,糖尿病合并脓毒症的患者数量也快速增加。因此,增加对这2种疾病之间的相互关联和影响的认识对临床救治有十分重要的意义及迫切性。本文就糖尿病与脓毒症在流行病学、总体结局、系统损害及发病机制4个方面的进展进行综述。     

NT-Pro-BNP and echocardiography for the early assessment of cardiovascular dysfunction in neonates with sepsis

To investigate the predictive manner of N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro-BNP) and echocardiography in the early assessment of cardiovascular dysfunction (CVD) in neonates with sepsis, we recruited 108 neonates with sepsis in intensive care units and divided them into a sepsis with CVD (sepsis + CVD) group (n = 48) and a sepsis only group (n = 60). Neonates with other infections (n = 65) constituted the control group. Clinical, laboratory, and bedside echocardiography findings were evaluated. Compared to both the sepsis only and control groups, the sepsis + CVD group showed an earlier onset of symptoms [52.94 (0–185.6) h], higher NT-Pro-BNP levels (P = .02), a higher Tei index (0.52 + 0.03; P = .03), and lower ejection fraction (62.61% ± 12.31%, P < .05). Compared to the control group, the sepsis + CVD group exhibited hematogenous etiology (P < .05), lower albumin (ALB) levels (P = .04), lower white blood cell counts (P = .03), a higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein/ALB ratio, and a larger right-ventricle-inner diameter (10.74 + 2.42 mm; P = .01). CVD in the septic neonates could be predicted by either NT-Pro-BNP levels (cut-off: 12,291.5 pg/L; sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 79%; area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic, 0.81) or Tei index (cut-off: 0.45; sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 77%; area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic, 0.78). NT-Pro-BNP levels and echocardiography can be used to determine early onset of CVD in neonatal sepsis, which facilitates timely pharmacological interventions and treatment.     

The risk of suicide in patients with critical illness: A population-based study in Taiwan

The authors investigated retrospectively the association between critical illness and risk of suicide attempts. The data are from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Propensity score matching, multivariable models, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and competing risk analysis were used to explore this association. The authors found that patients having an critical illness were associated with increased risk of suicide attempts after adjusting for risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.98; 95% confidence interval = 1.46–6.08). Among different subtypes of critical illness, patients with sepsis/septic shock exhibited the highest risk of suicide attempts (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.52–7.74). An association between critical illness and suicide attempts was shown. Sepsis/septic shock was found to confer the highest risk in these specific population.