乌苏里黎芦碱对中枢神经系统的抑制作用

乌苏里黎芦碱２０ｕｇ／ｋｇ腹腔注射明显降低小鼠自发活动数，４０μｇ／ｋｇ ｉｐ可显著对抗苯甲酸钠咖因所致的运动性兴奋。４０μｇ／ｋｇ ｉｐ可加强戊巴比妥钠的催眠作用，增强氯丙嗪的中枢抑制作用，６０μｇ／ｋｇ可加强哌替啶的镇痛作用。     

基于灰色关联分析方法研究炒酸枣仁镇静催眠作用谱效关系

目的采用基于灰色关联分析方法的谱效相关研究手段筛选炒酸枣仁Ziziphi Spinosae Semen发挥镇静催眠作用的药效物质基础。方法 ip对氯苯丙氨酸建立大鼠失眠模型,造模结束后ig给予炒酸枣仁水煎液,分别于给药后不同时间点采集各实验组大鼠大脑皮层、下丘脑及血浆样品,采用酶联免疫试剂盒方法测定相关药效指标,建立各个药效指标的效应-时间曲线;同时利用UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析技术对其中化学成分进行监测,建立各成分的响应强度-时间曲线,使用灰色关联统计方法,对各药效指标的效应-时间曲线与各成分的响应强度-时间曲线分别进行拟合,计算得到各成分与药效的相关度,再将代谢产物归属为原型化学成分,进行权重计算,得到相关系数,并进行排序,客观反映炒酸枣仁水煎液中化学成分与药效的动态发展过程和内在联系。结果于大鼠大脑皮层、下丘脑及血浆中共发现药物相关移行成分23种,其中7种为原型成分,16种为代谢产物。灰色关联分析结果表明,斯皮诺素、山茶苷B、6′′′-阿魏酰斯皮诺素、维采宁-2、莲心季铵碱、去甲异紫堇定、酸枣仁碱F、白桦脂酸共8种化学成分的相关系数较高。结论推测斯皮诺素、山茶苷B、6′′′-阿魏酰斯皮诺素、维采宁-2、莲心季铵碱、去甲异紫堇定、酸枣仁碱F、白桦脂酸为炒酸枣仁发挥镇静催眠作用的主要化学物质基础。     

Insomnia management in prisons in England and Wales: a mixed‐methods study

Insomnia in prison is common; however, research is limited regarding the management strategies that prison establishments employ. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a survey to identify how insomnia is detected, diagnosed and treated in adult prisons in England and Wales. Telephone interviews with a purposive sample of health‐care managers were then conducted. The survey was sent to all establishments holding adult prisoners, covering screening and assessment methods to detect insomnia; treatment options, both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological; the importance of insomnia as a treatable condition; and staff training available. Eighty‐four (73%) prisons completed the survey. Few had a stepped approach to insomnia management, as recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. The most common treatments available were sleep hygiene education and medication, offered by 94 and 88% of respondents, respectively. Analysis of telephone interviews revealed four main themes: insomnia as a normal occurrence in prison; the problem of medication in prison; the negative impact of the prison environment; and effective management of insomnia in prison. The current findings suggest that logistical, ethical and security barriers and a lack of staff knowledge and training impact negatively on the management of insomnia in prison.     

非苯二氮类镇静催眠药的研发进展与临床评价

目的:介绍非苯二氮类镇静催眠药的研究进展与临床评价。方法:通过查阅国内、外近期有关文献进行评述。结果与结论:近年来,非苯二氮类镇静催眠药进展迅速,其耐药性和依赖性很小,几乎无反跳性失眠现象。此类药物是目前镇静催眠药的重要研发领域。     

自主活动实时测试分析处理系统的建立与开心散安神镇静作用验证

目的 建立自主活动实时测试分析处理系统,并用此系统检测安神中药复方开心散对小鼠自主活动的影响。 方法 将计算机、信息和图像分析技术集成用于动物自主活动测试实验中,在线分析获取大鼠、小鼠自主活动的信息资源,采用模式识别、数据挖掘等技术对信息资源进行科学组合和深层次开发,提取包括运动距离、运动时间、运动速度、静息时间及各种比值以及运动轨迹等快速灵敏、规范客观的评价指标;利用正常小鼠、安定和咖啡因造模的小鼠、开心散中药复方,对系统的稳定可靠性进行实验研究。 结果 该系统用于评价动物自主活动的指标客观灵敏,所获数据与原人工检测方法所获结果具有高度相关性, r＞ 0.9;该系统有很好的重现性和稳定性。 结论自主活动实时测试分析处理系统集各种信号监测、采集、自动判别、贮存、结果分析、统计处理和输出一体化,为安神药物的实验研究提供了一套自动化程度高、提取信息量大、可供推广应用的自主活动实时测试分析处理系统。     

Psycholeptic use in aged care homes in Tasmania,Australia

Background and objective: Although non‐drug techniques are recommended to manage sleep disturbance, anxiety and challenging behaviours associated with dementia, several studies in Australia and overseas have noted a high use of psycholeptics (anxiolytics/hypnotics and antipsychotics) in aged care homes to treat these conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the current pattern of psycholeptic use in Tasmanian aged care homes and compare this data with other Australasian research. Methods: Cross‐sectional study of residents’ psycholeptic use from 40 aged care homes throughout Tasmania during November 2005–January 2007. Results: Two thousand three hundred and eighty‐nine residents were included in the study. Of the residents, over half were taking at least one psycholeptic medication regularly; over one‐fifth of residents were taking antipsychotics (21%) and 43% were taking anxiolytics/hypnotics. Conclusion: In comparison with other recent Australasian studies, the current level of benzodiazepine use in Tasmanian aged care homes is of major concern, at approximately three times that reported in Sydney and New Zealand. There is also substantial use of multiple psycholeptic agents. Interventions to reduce benzodiazepine use and improve psycholeptic utilization in Tasmania need to be developed urgently. The results demonstrate the value of regular auditing of prescribing to highlight problem areas in prescribing.     

Neuropharmacological profile of hydroalcohol extract of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera roots in mice

Valerian is the common name given to the crude drug consisting of the underground organs of the species Valeriana. Valeriana edulis ssp. procera Meyer is the Mexican valerian. The aim of the present work was to elucidate the neuropharmacological profile of a hydroalcohol extract of Valeriana edulis roots at doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg in several experimental models. A dose-dependent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like effect of V. edulis was demonstrated. In addition, the extract decreased rotarod performance and traction force and prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time at high doses. Concomitant administration of valerian extract and pentobarbital showed a synergistic effect on motor coordination and traction force in mice. The anxiolytic-like effect of V. edulis was compared with diazepam and with diphenhydramine and doxylamine, the latter in order to consider the H(1)-antihistamine effect as another possibility to explain, at least in part, the central nervous system depressant effect of valerian. These results also underlie the medical and industrial use of this species and allowed the conclusion that the extract of V. edulis has central nervous depressant properties similar to, but with some differences to V. of ficinalis, a very well known species.