基于PDCA循环的医学学术学位研究生自主科研能力提升策略

针对医学学术学位研究生自主科研能力不足问题,从研究生本身及导师团队双方聚焦,提出从意识到执行再到考核的医学学术学位研究生自主科研能力提升策略,从多方面共同提高医学学术学位研究生自主科研能力.     

滑县改水降氟打井工程水氟含量的调查

目的了解滑县降氟改水工程水氟含量和工程使用情况。方法对该县已建的226处降氟改水打井工程全部进行调查。结果正常使用的工程有184处，占81．4％；停止使用1年以上的工程42处，占18．6％，造成工程停用的主要原因为水井喷沙、管道损坏和管理不善。对184处正常使用的改水工程进行水氟含量测定，水氟超标工程32处，占17．4％。40m以内和41～60，61～99，100m以上的不同井深工程水氟含量超标率依次递减，分别为41．47％，15．5％，6．5％和0；32处水氟超标工程均为水泥管井壁，而该县的8处钢管井壁工程均未出现水氟超标。结论改水降氟打井工程水氟含量与井深的高度两者之间呈负相关；钢管井壁结构能够有效地防止地下水氟相互渗透。     

总结经验推动我国临床血液流变学深入发展

目的:推动各地血液流变学科研、教育和临床应用全面深入发展。方法:总结二十几年来,血液流变学科研、教育和临床应用发展的经验、教训、存在问题。阐明高黏滞对健康的危害。结果:表明已经具备全面深入发展的基础、必要性和可行性。结论:只要学习好的经验,加强人才培养,发挥学术团体作用,克服存在问题,是可以推动血液流变学全面深入发展的。     

“知-信-行”理论在提高护士长科研创新能力中的应用

目的探讨"知-信-行"理论在护士长科研创新活动中应用的效果。方法采取普及科研创新相关的理论知识,培养科研创新信念,督导科研创新行为等管理方法提高护士长的科研创新能力。结果护士长参与科研创新活动的积极性和人均发表论文数量均增加(P<0.01),临床护理科研带教效果也明显提高。结论护理科研知识的普及增强了护士长参与护理科研活动的信心与能力,以及临床护理科研带教效果。     

大型工程建设项目对血吸虫病传播流行的影响

本文综述了我国水利工程、湿地、农业等一系列重大工程建设所引起生态环境变化对血吸虫唯一中间宿主钉螺分布扩散的影响,分析了各工程建设可能导致钉螺扩散,形成新的钉螺孳生地等潜在危险因素,并就如何利用工程建设趋利避害促进血吸虫病防治工作进行了探讨。     

Learning from the CO-CREATE project: A protocol for systems thinking across research (STAR)

The CO-CREATE project aimed to work with young people to create, inform, and disseminate obesity-preventive evidence-based policies using a complex systems perspective. This paper draws lessons from this experience and proposes a protocol for embedding systems thinking within a research project. We first draw on existing systems thinking frameworks to analyze how systems thinking was translated across CO-CREATE, including the flow and relationship between the work packages and in the methods used. We then take the lessons from CO-CREATE and the principles of existing systems thinking frameworks—which focus on various points of intervention planning and delivery but not on research projects as a whole—to formulate a protocol for embedding systems thinking across a research project. Key lessons for future planning and delivery of systems-oriented research projects include incorporating “boundary critique” by capturing key stakeholder (adolescent) values and concerns; working to avoid social exclusion; ensuring methodological pluralism to allow for reflection and responsiveness (with methods ranging from group model building, Photovoice, and small group engagement); getting policy recipients to shape key questions by understanding their views on the critical drivers of obesity early on in the project; and providing opportunity for intraproject reflection along the way.     

Feasibility of a repositioning schedule on pressure ulcer prevention in a French Intensive Care Unit: A pre and post-intervention pilot study

AimsAs a prerequisite of a multicentre study, we conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of a daily repositioning schedule in critically ill patients. The schedule was adapted to the patient's clinical condition, and the estimated risk for developing a pressure ulcer using the Braden scale.DesignA single-center pre and post-intervention pilot study in a French Intensive Care Unit of a university teaching hospital. This study followed TREND guidelines.MethodsDuring the first period (March to May 2018), pressure ulcer prevention was performed according to usual care. During the second period (June to August 2018), the repositioning schedule was adapted to the estimated risk for developing a pressure ulcer according to the Braden scale. Eligible patients had no pressure ulcer at baseline, were intubated within 24 hours of admission and expected to receive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours. The primary outcome was the rate of pressure ulcer development at 28 days of hospitalization or at discharge or death, as compared with usual care. Secondary outcomes included the feasibility and safety of the schedule, as assessed by caregivers’ adherence and workload, and the rate of adverse events.ResultsIn the pre-intervention period 20 participants were included, and 14 patients were included in the post-intervention period. There was no decrease in the pressure ulcers incidence with the intervention (25% vs. 28.6%; P = 1). The number of daily repositioning performed increased from 3.3 [IQR 3.0; 3.9] during the pre-intervention period to 4.3 [IQR 3.8; 5.2] during the post-intervention period (P < 0.05), where it differed from the number scheduled by 0.6 [IQR 0.1; 1.4] per day, indicating satisfactory adherence of caregivers to the protocol. Adverse events rate did not differ between the two periods (55.9% vs. 57.1%; P = 0.90).ConclusionA personalised daily repositioning schedule in critically ill patients is feasible and safe. The efficacy of such a strategy, together with its economic impact, need to be assessed in a multicentre randomized trial.     

Research on Career Identity in China: A Literature Review

Career identity is one of the important topics to study the psychological problems of employees, especially afterthe outbreak of CoV-19. Being a populous country in the world, China has a large number of employees from allwalks of life, and its research on career identity has attracted more and more attention. Thus, this study aims tosort out the history, characteristics, and trends of the research on career identity in China through a literaturereview, which can help more scholars pay attention to China’s career identity research. In this study, Citespaceis used to statistically analyze the selected literature from China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)and Web of Science (WOS). The results show that: (1) The historical evolution of career identity research inChina can be divided into three stages: germination, development and maturity. (2) From the perspective of cooperation between authors and institutions, researchers tend to do independent research, mainly focusing on theresearch in the field of psychology. (3) From the key words, career identity and employability are the mainhigh-frequency words. (4) From the cluster analysis, the research focuses mainly include social support, teachers’career identity, influencing factors, and job involvement. (5) From the emergent analysis, it can be seen that theresearch on roles and differences between urban and rural areas is weakening, and the research on factors such asjob satisfaction is gradually strengthening as the frontier theme. Finally, according to the existing analysis results,this study predicts the future trend of career identity in China and thinks that it will extend from the fields ofconcept explanation, interdisciplinary research, scientific research tools, and so on.     

郑州市农村生活饮用水水质监测结果分析

目的掌握郑州市农村饮用水安全工程项目实施后水质状况,及时采取应对措施并探讨管理策略。方法选择有代表性的120处农村饮用水安全工程,分别在丰水期（8月）和枯水期（3月）按要求采集水质样品并检验,对监测数据进行收集分析、评价。结果2010年郑州市农村饮用水工程水质细菌学指标中菌落总数合格率丰水期出厂水和末梢水分别为44．17％、29．17％;枯水期出厂水和末梢水合格率分别为70．83％、62．50％;总大肠菌群丰水期出厂水和末梢水合格率分别为70．00％、65．00％;枯水期出厂水和末梢水合格率分别91．67％、94．17％。检测项目中,除肉眼可见物、臭和味、锰、氯化物和砷5项指标全部合格外,其余项目均有不同程度超标。结论郑州市农村饮用水安全工程水质存在一定的安全隐患,细菌学指标超标严重,加强消毒是亟待改善的技术措施。