柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗失眠的功效网络研究

目的运用网络药理学分析方法,明确柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗失眠的作用机制。方法运用TCMSP、TCMID数据库锁定柴胡桂枝干姜汤7味药的药物靶标,TTD、DrugBank、PubMed数据库查找失眠的疾病靶点,构建"疾病-方剂-靶点"网络,用STRING和Cytoscape分析软件对其关键靶点进行富集分析,明确作用机制。结果柴胡桂枝干姜汤蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络包含靶标640个,失眠的PPI网络包括靶标175个,富集分析得29个关键靶标和其间80条互作关系;GO富集分析及KEGG途径分析结果显示柴胡桂枝干姜汤中柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d、槲皮素、碳酸钙、6-姜辣醇、山柰酚、汉黄芩素等171个活性成分主要通过CACNA1C、GABRA1、GABRA2、GABRB3、GABRA3等29个关键靶标及突触信号传导、膜电位的调节、G蛋白偶联受体信号通路等生物过程,神经递质受体活性、离子门控通道活动、GABA-A受体活性等分子功能,质膜、突触等细胞组成作用于神经活性配体-受体相互作用、逆行内源性大麻素信号传导、5-羟色胺能突触等多条作用通路发挥治疗失眠作用。结论柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d等171个活性成分是柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗失眠的药效物质基础,神经活性配体-受体相互作用等通路和CACNA1C等29个靶标构成了其发挥"疏肝健脾、调和阴阳"的功效作用网络,为临床合理运用柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗失眠提供了网络药理学证据。     

People living in disadvantaged areas faced greater challenges in staying active and using recreational facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study aimed to understand the perceived effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, recreation walking, and use of recreational facilities; and if the COVID-19 pandemic amplified disparities in physical activity, recreational walking, and use of recreational facilities related to the levels of neighborhood disadvantage. Recreational walking and the use of neighborhood streets and green spaces significantly decreased in high deprivation areas but not in low deprivation areas during the pandemic. While COVID-19 has negatively affected overall recreational activities, the inequitable impact on recreational walking and use of outdoor recreational facilities has been more evident in disadvantaged neighborhoods with greater deprivation.     

Swine-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus at Agricultural Fairs,Ohio, USA, 2012

Agricultural fairs provide an opportunity for bidirectional transmission of influenza A viruses. We sought to determine influenza A virus activity among swine at fairs in the United States. As part of an ongoing active influenza A virus surveillance project, nasal swab samples were collected from exhibition swine at 40 selected Ohio agricultural fairs during 2012. Influenza A(H3N2) virus was isolated from swine at 10 of the fairs. According to a concurrent public health investigation, 7 of the 10 fairs were epidemiologically linked to confirmed human infections with influenza A(H3N2) variant virus. Comparison of genome sequences of the subtype H3N2 isolates recovered from humans and swine from each fair revealed nucleotide identities of >99.7%, confirming zoonotic transmission between swine and humans. All influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated in this study, regardless of host species or fair, were >99.5% identical, indicating that 1 virus strain was widely circulating among exhibition swine in Ohio during 2012.     

卵巢低反应获卵患者常规体外受精与卵胞浆单精子注射技术对妊娠结局的影响

目的比较卵巢低反应获卵患者常规体外受精与卵胞浆单精子注射技术对妊娠结局的影响。方法选择卵巢低反应获卵患者200例,将其分为两组,各100例。观察组采用卵胞浆单精子注射技术,对照组则实施常规体外受精技术,比较两组的移植结果及继续妊娠情况,并对着床患者随访1年,统计妊娠结局。结果观察组的受精率、可移植胚胎率、着床率、继续妊娠率均分别显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组的单胎妊娠率高于对照组,双胎妊娠、异位妊娠率低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论对卵巢低反应获卵的不孕患者行卵胞浆单精子注射技术,相对于常规体外受精,具有更高的卵裂率和继续妊娠率,为卵巢低反应获卵的不孕患者采取何种受精方式提供了一个选择依据。     

整合素αvβ6:一种新的诊断口腔鳞状细胞癌侵袭潜能指标

目的:观察整合素αvβ6在人口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)中的表达,探讨其表达与临床病理参数之间的关系.方法:采用免疫组化及Image Pro Plus 6.0软件分析OSCC内αvβ6的IA值,并进行统计学处理.结果:癌组织的胞膜及胞浆中广泛出现αvβ6着色,而在正常口腔黏膜和良性上皮肿瘤中αvβ6不表达或弱表达.高、中及低分化癌中αvβ6的IA值分别为74.0128、132.892、259.432.αvβ6的表达在分化程度和肿瘤细胞活性方面存在统计学上的差异(P＜0.05).结论:αvβ6的表达强弱与细胞的侵袭或者异质间粘附密切相关,其表达的强弱可以作为口腔鳞状细胞癌侵袭与转移的一种指示剂.     

Interferon-gamma production by human cord blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Interferon (IFN)-gamma is produced by T cells and natural killer cells and activates monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Recently, IFN-gamma has been shown to be produced by mouse DCs following stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12, which is markedly augmented by the addition of IL-18. We here analyzed whether human DCs secrete IFN-gamma in response to IL-12 and/or IL-18. Human immature DCs, generated from cord blood CD14(+) monocytes by treating with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4, were incubated with IL-12 and/or IL-18 and assayed for IFN-gamma production. IL-12, but not IL-18, weakly induced IFN-gamma production, while IL-12 together with IL-18 induced high levels of IFN-gamma production. Similar results were obtained with mature DCs, although levels of IFN-gamma production were less than those in immature DCs. Also with mature and immature DCs, IL-12 upregulated the expression of IL-18 receptor alpha (Ralpha), and costimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 upregulated CD40 expression. Anti-IL-18Ralpha antibody abrogated both the IFN-gamma induction and the CD40 upregulation by IL-12 plus IL-18. These findings suggest that IL-12 upregulates IL-18Ralpha expression on human DCs and acts synergistically with IL-18 to induce high levels of IFN-gamma, which subsequently enhances CD40 expression on DCs in an autocrine manner.     

Ventricular arrhythmias before and late after aortic valve replacement

The influence of aortic valve replacement on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was studied by 24-hour Holter electrocardiographic monitoring in 45 patients immediately before and 14 ± 7 months after operation. Ventricular arrhythmias were graded according to the Lown criteria. Preoperative left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was determined by angiography and postoperative LVEF by gated blood pool scintigraphy. Repetitive ventricular arrhythmias (Lown grade 4A/B) were associated with a reduced LVEF (< 55%) before and after operation. In 24 patients with preoperative normal LVEF (>- 55%) (group A), mean LVEF remained unchanged after operation (72% vs 71 %). Pre- and postoperative ventricular premature complex (VPC) frequency (45 ± 99 vs 39 ± 94 VPC/24 hours and grade (1.3 vs 1.4) were not significantly different. However, in 17 patients with preoperative impaired LVEF (< 55%) (group B, LVEF preoperatively 40 ± 8%) and marked postoperative improvement (> 10%) (LVEF postoperatively 64 ± 7%), mean VPC frequency decreased from 536 to 69 VPCs/24 hours and mean VPC grade was reduced from 3.8 to 1.5. Complex VPCs were found preoperatively in all 17 patients of group B, but in only 5 patients after operation. Four patients had a reduced LVEF preoperatively and it did not improve postoperatively (group C). Postoperative Holter monitoring detected ventricular tachycardia in all 4 patients.This study indicates that repetitive VPCs are infrequent in patients with normal LVEF before and late after aortic valve replacement. In patients with impaired LVEF and complex VPCs preoperatively, the postoperative improvement of LV function is usually accompanied by a reduction of frequent and complex VPCs.     

Development of a parent-proxy quality-of-life chronic cough-specific questionnaire: clinical impact vs psychometric evaluations

BACKGROUND: Chronic cough affects at least 7% of children, and the impact of this on families is significant. Although adult cough-specific quality-of-life (QOL) instruments have been shown to be a useful cough outcome measure, no suitable cough-specific QOL for parents of children with chronic cough exists. This article compares two methods of item reduction (clinical impact and psychometric) and reports on the statistical properties of both QOL instruments. METHOD: One hundred seventy children (97 boys and 73 girls; median age, 4 years; interquartile range, 3 to 7.25 years) and one of their parents participated. A preliminary 50-item parent cough-specific QOL (PC-QOL) questionnaire was developed from conversations with parents of children with chronic cough (ie, cough for > 3 weeks). Parents also completed generic QOL questionnaires (eg, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, version 4.0 [PedsQL4.0] and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, version 2 [SF-12v2]). RESULTS: The clinical impact and psychometric method of item reduction resulted in 27-item and 26-item PC-QOL questionnaires, respectively, with approximately 50% of items overlapping. Internal consistency among the final items from both methods was excellent. Some evidence for concurrent and criterion validity of both methods was established as significant correlations were found between subscales of the PC-QOL questionnaire and the scales of the SF-12v2 and PedsQL4.0 scores. The PC-QOL questionnaire derived from both methods was sensitive to change following an intervention. CONCLUSION: Chronic cough significantly impacts on the QOL of both parents and children. Although the PC-QOL questionnaires derived from a clinical impact method and from a psychometric method contained different items, both versions were shown to be internally consistent and valid. Further testing is required to compare both final versions to objective and subjective cough measures.