RP-HPLC测定红花W/O型乳膏剂中羟基红花黄色素A的含量

建立红花W/O型乳膏剂中羟基红花黄色素A含量测定的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)。色谱柱为Zorbax Eclipse C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相:甲醇-乙腈-0.02%磷酸水溶液(26∶2∶72),流速:1.0 mL/min,柱温:55℃,检测波长:403 nm。乳膏剂依次经甲醇高温破乳、纯水高温萃取后,采用RP-HPLC检测。结果显示,乳膏剂中辅料对羟基红花黄色素A色谱峰不产生干扰。羟基红花黄色素A在1.236~12.36μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(y=156.17x+1.1983,r=0.9995),检测限为23.6 ng/mL,定量限为118 ng/mL,回收率在99.7%~103.3%范围内,精密度RSD为0.12%(n=6),室温放置24 h稳定性良好。本方法简便快捷,结果准确、重复性好,可用于红花W/O型乳膏剂中羟基红花黄色素A的含量测定。     

Analgesic properties of “CF” extracted from safflower (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carthamus tinctorius</Emphasis> L.) seeds and potential for its use in medicine

The analgesic properties of the “CF” oil preparation extracted from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds were studied. The local anesthetic lidocaine and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline, which induce complete block of the sciatic nerve, were used as positive controls. The actions of CF were associated with significant decreases in the nociceptive and proprioceptive functions of the sciatic nerve in mice. At a dose of 0.1 ml, this agent was sufficient to produce partial local anesthesia of the hindlimb, innervated by the sciatic nerve, without producing any toxic side effects. Thus, CF is a natural local anesthetic with moderate analgesic activity mediated by influences on the serotoninergic and monoaminergic pathways. CF may occupy a leading place among local anesthetics used in traditional medicine, particularly in pharmacotherapy and acupuncture, as well as medical massage. Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January, 2009.     

红花注射液对早期高血压肾病尿微量蛋白的影响

目的观察红花注射液对早期高血压肾病尿微量蛋白的影响。方法将68例患者随机分为两组,均用洛丁新和波依定控制血压。治疗组（36例）用红花注射液20mL加5%葡萄糖注射液250mL静脉滴注,对照组（32例）予丹参注射液250mL静脉滴注。结果治疗组尿4项微量蛋白均较对照组明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论红花注射液是治疗高血压肾病的安全、有效药物之一。     

红花黄色素协同抗蛇毒血清对重型蝮蛇咬伤患者炎症及安全性的影响

探讨红花黄色素联合抗蛇毒血清对重型蝮蛇咬伤中毒患者炎症及安全性的影响。测定肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6和IL-10水平,凝血功能、观察总有效率、不良反应发生率。结果显示, 红花黄色素联合抗蛇毒血清治疗后,能显著降低TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10水平。有效率显著增高,但凝血功能、不良反应发生率无显著差异。红花黄色素可有效降低蝮蛇咬伤患者TNF-α、IL-6表达,抑制IL-10增高,且有效率增高,安全性好,可成为治疗蝮蛇咬伤的临床辅助用药。     

我国不同产地红花的质量分析

目的运用多指标、多成分定量方法,对不同产地的红花进行质量分析。方法按照《中国药典》(2010年版)一部红花"检查"项下杂质、水分、灰份和酸不溶性灰份、吸光度、浸出物、羟基红花黄色素A的检测方法检测。结果 23批不同产地红花的杂质含量为0.2%¹.8%,水分含量为5.6%1.8%,水分含量为5.6%⁸.68%,总灰分含量为4.69%8.68%,总灰分含量为4.69%²2.21%,酸不溶性灰分含量为1.08%22.21%,酸不溶性灰分含量为1.08%¹4.56%,红色素吸光度2.09014.56%,红色素吸光度2.090⁰.529 4,浸出物含量为35.50%0.529 4,浸出物含量为35.50%⁴3.10%,羟基红花黄色素A的含量1.08%43.10%,羟基红花黄色素A的含量1.08%².32%。结论对红花样品进行聚类分析,结果表明当样本层次聚类分析聚成2类时:新疆和田红花为一类,为不合格药材;其余产地的红花为一类均为合格药材;其中合格药材中新疆的昌吉、伊犁、塔城地区的样品聚为一类,四川和云南地区的样品聚为一类。说明产地对红花质量的综合评价具有一定的影响。     

TOPSIS属性分层法在红花黄色素注射液评价的适用性评估

目的：利用加权逼近理想值排序法（TOPSIS）对红花黄注射液进行属性分层的药物评价，并将点评结果与常规药物利用评价方法（DUE）进行比较，评估该法的适用性。方法：结合DUE法建立评价标准，采用属性层次模型（AHM）加权法计算各指标的相对权重，运用TOPSIS的数据处理方法无量纲化和归一化计算各病历医嘱与完全合理医嘱的距离，直接将指标和医嘱量化，按患者诊断和年龄进行分层评价及排序，并与常规DUE评价结果进行比较，以评估运用TOPSISI分层法进行用药评价的适用性。结果：运用TOPSIS属性分层法，300份病历C_i=0.821 8，其中完全合理的病历占55.67%（C_i=1），合理病历占1.67%（1 > C_i > 0.8），基本合理病历占21%（0.8 > C_i > 0.6），不合理病历占21.67%（C_i<0.6）。TOPSIS C_i法和DUE法相比，合理性趋势相同，均能计算合理率，但TOPSIS法还能根据指标权重的不同，直接将指标和结果量化归一，结果精密度和区分度更高，具有可比性，评价深度更高，更加客观、全面。结论：经过近一年的辅助用药点评后，该院红花黄色素注射液应用基本合理，但仍存在很多问题。与常规DUE法相比，TOPSIS法在一定程度上消减了主观随意性，计算结果精密度、区分度和评价深度更高，运用TOPSIS属性分层法对红花黄色素注射液进行评价是合理可行的。     

Study on the correlation between soil microbial diversity and ambient environmental factors influencing the safflower distribution in Xinjiang

The effects of soil microbial properties and physiographical factors on safflower distributions in the main safflower plantations of Xinjiang province in China were studied. This study may help determine the basis of the environmental factors for evaluating the geoherbalism of this medicinal plant. The soil microbial biodiversity in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of safflower at different growth stages and from different sampling plots were characterized by analyzing the environmental DNAs in the samples. With general primers targeting the 16S ribosomal DNA for bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer 1 gene for fungi, the study was performed using marker gene amplification coupled with Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technologies. Correlation analysis and a distance-based redundancy analysis were performed to determine the dominant factors affecting the distribution of the microorganism in safflower soils. A total of 16517 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from all the 108 soil samples of nine safflower sampling plots. At the phylum level, 48 phyla have been identified with Actinobacteria (32.9%) and proteobacteria (28.7%) being predominant. For fungi, 8746 OTUs were obtained, which belonged to seven phyla with Ascomycota overwhelmingly superior in relative abundance. A significant positive correlation was found between soil microbe quantity and ASL (above sea level). Safflower was sensitive to changes in elevation, growing more abundantly in the mountainous regions at heights of around 1,200 m above sea level. It is concluded that the dominant factors affecting the distribution of microorganisms in safflower soils were soil moisture, available N, and ASL.     

超高压一步法萃取雨生红球藻孢子中虾青素工艺研究

研究了低温超高压法将雨生红球藻孢子破壁并提取其虾青素的工艺条件。通过研究各因素对雨生红球藻中虾青素转移率的影响,确定最优工艺条件为：提取溶剂为红花籽油,提取压力200MPa,提取温度4℃,提取2次,液固比分别为10mL/g。在此工艺条件下,雨生红球藻孢子几乎可以完全破壁,虾青素转移率可达到90%。超高压法可以将雨生红球藻孢子破壁较完全,提高了虾青素转移率,缩短了提取时间。     

缬沙坦及红花对单侧输尿管结扎大鼠肾脏细胞增殖的影响

目的观察肾间质纤维化实验大鼠肾脏细胞增殖的特点及缬沙坦、红花对其的抑制作用。方法结扎大鼠单侧输尿管(UUO)复制肾间质纤维化实验动物模型,分别给以缬沙坦10mg·kg-1·d-1、红花4.0g·kg-1·d-1经口灌服,14d后摘取肾脏,采用免疫组化、RT-PCR检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达、流式细胞学检测细胞增殖/凋亡及细胞周期。结果免疫组化结果显示UUO大鼠肾脏PCNA阳性细胞表达明显增多,RT-PCR显示其基因表达增强,流式细胞学显示UUO大鼠肾脏细胞增殖/凋亡比例下降,S期细胞比例增多;缬沙坦及红花治疗组均可在蛋白及基因水平下调其表达。结论单侧输尿管结扎可诱导肾脏细胞增殖,血管紧张素受体拮抗剂缬沙坦及中药红花可下调其表达。     

相同性味不同归经中药对复合因素致肺阳虚模型大鼠的影响

目的:观察比较辛温归肺经(豆蔻、紫苏叶、白芷)与辛温归心肝经(红花、当归)中药对复合因素致肺阳虚大鼠的影响。方法:采用烟熏(外邪犯肺)+冰水游泳(形寒劳倦)+服用冰水(内饮生冷)三因素复合造成肺阳虚大鼠模型,造模同时灌胃给予豆蔻、紫苏叶、白芷、红花、当归水提取物连续38天。试验期间,观察大鼠一般行为学、体重、测量肛温、背温、抓力;末次给药后气管插管毛细玻管法测定排痰量;取血测定血清一氧化氮(NO)、血液学及血液流变学指标;解剖取心、肺、肝、肾、脾,测脏器系数。结果:①辛温归肺经药物:豆蔻、紫苏叶及白芷能提高肺阳虚大鼠体重、肛温、背温、抓力、血白细胞水平,减少痰量、血清NO、血液粘度、心系数、肺系数、脾系数、肾系数;紫苏叶还能降低肝系数,这说明豆蔻、紫苏叶及白芷性味归经相同(同属辛温归肺经),也表现出相近的药理作用,通过辛温入肺从而改善形体消瘦、阳虚内寒、背畏寒、体倦乏力、痰涎清稀、血液亏虚及血脉不畅等。②辛温归心肝经:红花及当归能提高体重、肛温、血细胞水平,减少血清NO、血液粘度、心系数、肺系数、肝系数;当归还能增加抓力,减少脾指数,这说明红花及当归(同属辛温归心肝经)也表现出相近的药理作用,通过辛温入心肝从而改善形体消瘦、阳虚内寒、血液亏虚及血脉不畅等。因归心肝经,入血分,补中有动,行中有补,具有较强的补血活血作用;但对肺阳虚证之背畏寒、体倦乏力、痰涎清稀等无很好的改善作用。结论:性味相同的中药,如果归经相同,则药理作用相近或相同;若归经相异,性味相同,则药理作用相差甚远。这体现了相同性味归经中药之间的药效相近,而相同性味不同归经的中药则药效相远。