气相色谱法测定空心纤维透析器中的二甲基乙酰胺残留量

本文介绍了气相色谱法测定空心纤维透析器中的二甲基乙酰胺残留量的方法.通过模拟临床中空心纤维透析器的使用过程,使用毛细管色谱柱,外标法峰面积定量,优化了气相色谱法的测试条件,系统分析了该有机化合物在空心纤维透析器中的残留含量.     

Differences in Bio-incompatibility among Four Biocompatible Dialyzer Membranes Using in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background: Following the introduction of modified cellulosic and then synthetic membrane dialyzers, it was realized that the dialyzer bio-incompatibility depends on the membrane composition. We designed a prospective, randomized, cohort study of 6 months to determine several parameters of biocompatibility in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients treated with four different membrane dialyzers. Methods: There were 60 MHD patients enrolled in the study. In baseline, synthetic low-flux dialyzer, polysulfone (PS) membrane was used in all patients for at least 3 months. Then the patients were randomly divided into three groups according to different dialyzer membranes. Synthetic high-flux dialyzer group, ployethersulfone membrane, cellulose triacetate (CTA) high-flux membrane, and synthetic low-flux dialyzer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane were used in 6 months. A new dialyzer was used for each study treatment, and there was no dialyzer reuse. The biocompatibility markers and solutes removal markers were detected repeatedly at different time points. Results: The blood levels of highly sensitive C reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, and interleukin (IL)-13 showed no difference among different groups at al time points. However, the blood complement levels and white blood cell counts were significantly different among three groups. When the dialyzers changed from PS to PMMA membrane, C3a levels and white blood cell counts changed significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, the changes of C5a levels were significantly different between group CTA and group PMMA in month 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There were much more differences on bio-incompatibility among different dialyzer membranes.     

血液透析液细菌超标调查与分析

目的查找血液透析器出入口液、B液细菌含量超标原因,制定整改措施,使其符合国家评价标准。方法对不合格者采取综合控制措施后再次监测。结果血液透析器出入口液、B液细菌菌落数分别由整改前(2152.95±826.45)(、1234.59±523.45)(、267.33±103.18)CFU/ml降至整改后(10.53±5.09)、(5.56±15.76)、0 CFU/ml;经χ2检验,透析器出入口液整改前后比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.41、7.63,P<0.01),A、B浓缩液、AB干粉、反渗水无菌生长。结论血液透析液细菌污染主要来源于B浓缩液;B浓缩液配制过程必须严格执行无菌技术,做到现配现用。     

Clinical outcomes for maintenance hemodialysis patients using a high-flux (FX60) dialyzer

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the clinical outcomes of maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients using a high-flux (FX60) dialyzer. Method: Thirty patients undergoing dialysis for at least 2 years with a low-flux dialyzer were switched to the FX60 dialyzer for 3 years. Clinical and biochemical analysis was performed monthly for each patient. The parameters monitored included blood pressure, hemoglobin, albumin, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium and phosphorus levels, the adequacy of dialysis (Kt/V), beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG) clearance rate, as well as antihypertensive and erythropoietin (EPO) medications. Results: After 3 years of dialysis with an FX60 dialyzer, the mean arterial blood pressure fell, hemoglobin increased, serum phosphate level decreased, iPTH declined and medication doses decreased. Conclusions: Dialysis with the FX60 dialyzer has a better clinical outcome for rectifying renal anemia, controlling hypertension and lowering serum phosphate levels making it a better choice for long-term HD patients.     

Establishment of a Blood Purification System for Renal Failure Rats Using Small‐Size Dialyzer Membranes

Hemodialysis techniques for small animals have not been established because no small dialysis apparatus has been available. We recently developed a small‐size dialyzer and established an appropriate blood purification system for small animals. To confirm the appropriate dialysate flow rate, bovine blood was dialyzed for 60 min at a fixed blood flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and variable dialysate flow rates. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels decreased significantly at a dialysate flow rate of 5 mL/min (from 13.7 ± 0.2 to 10.3 ± 1.2 mg/dL and 1.07 ± 0.15 to 0.61 ± 0.12 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.05). To determine the appropriate in vivo conditions, extracorporeal circulation was performed in anesthetized male Sprague‐Dawley rats at a dialysate flow rate of 0.0 mL/min, for 240 min, and at variable blood flow rates. Extracorporeal circulation was successful at a blood flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, but not 1.5 mL/min. To establish in vivo hemodialysis conditions, we used the animal model of end stage renal failure. Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a 0.75% adenine‐containing diet for 3 weeks, after which they received hemodialysis for 120 min at a dialysate and blood flow rate of 5.0 and 1.0 mL/min, respectively. There were no significant changes in systolic blood pressure or heart rate during dialysis. Thus, this blood purification system can be safely used for small animals at a dialysate flow rate of 5.0 mL/min and a blood flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. This system provides a basis for further research on hemodialysis therapy.     

不同透析膜对维持性血液透析患者血磷及血PTH的影响

目的 :观察不同透析膜的透析器对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血磷 (P )及甲状旁腺激素 (PTH )的浓度的影响 ,探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾性骨病的治疗 .方法 :将 30例MHD患者随机分 3组 ,每组 1 0例 ,分别采用醋酸纤维膜(CA)、聚砜膜 (PS)、血仿膜 (HE)透析器 ,对比每组患者透析器初次透析前后血中P及PTH浓度的变化 .结果 :3组患者透析后血中P及PTH浓度均显著下降 ,与透析前差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,在清除能力上 ,聚砜膜和血仿膜与醋酸纤维膜比较均差异显著 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,聚砜膜与血仿膜比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) .结论 :不同的透析膜具有不同的清除能力 ,对于P和PTH的清除 ,PS和HE膜的清除能力优于CA膜 ,二者之间无差异     

用白蛋白涂布透析器行无肝素透析临床观察及护理

目的:用白蛋白涂布透析器行无肝素透析治疗伴有出血的肾功能衰竭患者.方法:用白蛋白25ml～50ml涂布透析器,保留10～15分钟,透析过程每隔30分钟夹住A端用生理盐水冲洗管路及透析器.结果:管路及透析器无凝血,血液透析顺利.结论:该方法简单、易行,对伴有出血的肾功能衰竭患者进行透析治疗获得满意效果.     

聚砜膜空心纤维透析器细胞毒性研究

目的应用聚砜膜空心纤维透析器浸提液配制的细胞培养液培养小鼠成纤维细胞L929(4×104/ml),观察其对L929细胞生长的影响。方法细胞计数法和WST-1法。结果和对照组相比,两种试验方法实验组的细胞均生长良好,细胞增殖度均大于75%,为1级反应。结论根据国家标准进行评价,该聚砜膜空心纤维透析器对L929细胞形态、生长和增殖没有影响,无细胞毒性作用,具有良好的生物相容性,符合生物材料应用要求。     

如何将淘汰的血透机改为床旁血滤机

将血液透析机的电路作一些改动,用血液灌流器代替透析器,使血液透析机在没有透析液的情况下也能工作。     

血液透析器重复使用的临床研究

为了研究透析器重复使用对终末期慢性肾功能衰竭接受血液透析患者体能的作用，动态观察透析器膜材料首次使用和使用不同消毒剂透析器膜材料重复使用对血液白细胞、血小板、补体Ｃ３、过氧化物岐化酶影响。结果表明：透析器膜材料血液生物相容性的改变与透析器膜材料的种类有关，透析器膜材料重复使用后血液生物相容性与消毒剂的种类有关，而与复用的次数无关。过氧化物岐化酶在透析器重复使用１５ｍｉｎ时比透析器首次使用下降百分率更明显，Ｐ值＜０．０１。透析器复用是影响患者长期存活的重要因素之一。