银杏达莫注射液对断指再植术后患者血液流变学的影响

目的探讨银杏达莫注射液对断指再植术后患者血液流变学的影响及机制。方法将27例断指再植术后患者随机分为2组:观察组予银杏达莫注射液25 mL加入5%葡萄糖液250 mL中静脉滴注,2次/d;对照组予低分子右旋糖酐注射液250 mL静脉滴注,2次/d。其余按断指再植术后处理方法处理。分别于术后0.5 h、1 d、5 d、10 d取静脉血检测血液流变学各项指标。结果观察组17指成活15指,成活率88%;对照组14指成活12指,成活率86%。2组患者血液流变学各项指标在术后0.5 h1、d明显升高,术后5 d、10 d明显降低,2组比较无明显差异(P>0.05);同组比较,术后0.5 h1、d与术后5 d1、0 d有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论银杏达莫注射液能显著改善断指再植术后患者血液流变学指标,其机制可能与银杏达莫注射液对断指再植术后患者缺血再灌注血管内皮细胞有保护作用有关。     

远节手指动脉走行解剖与断指再植

目的　了解远节指动脉及分支走行位置及供血区域,探讨末节指再植方法。方法　利用36例病人54个新鲜废弃指的指体动脉内加压灌注墨水染色后在放大镜下解剖和总结临床141例病人189指再植结果。结果　在远侧掌横弓以远动脉血供中,根据动脉走行特点,分为A,B,C三型,其中52指A型血供,即指掌侧固有动脉优势侧在末端动脉血供中占支配地位,主要由优势侧动脉发出3-5条分支,其中指端支最为粗大,其它分支均细小。1指为B型血供,即双侧指掌侧固有动脉发出交通支形成远侧掌横弓后继续向指端走行,形成双指端支,均较粗大。1指为C型血供,双侧指掌侧固有动脉直接吻合成远侧掌横弓后,弓上发出3条分支,均较细小。再植141例189指Ⅰ,Ⅱ区断指,成功率98％。结论　绝大多数指掌侧固有动脉存在着优势动脉现象,优势侧动脉在指端血供中占主要地位,断指再植手术中重点修复优势侧动脉。在远侧掌横弓以远的断指再植术中,修复指端支是恢复远端血供的唯一选择。     

Replantation after extended dry storage of avulsed permanent incisors: report of a case

Abstract –  A 15-year-old boy lost his maxillary right and left central incisor teeth in a bicycle accident. He was referred to our clinic 1 week after the injury. The crown-root integrities of both the teeth were not damaged. Although the teeth were stored under dry conditions for 1 week, reimplantation of the teeth was planned to retain the teeth in the mouth for as long a period as possible because of the patient's age. Following the debridement and sterilization of root surfaces in 2.5% NaOCl, root canals were prepared and filled with calcium hydroxide. Then, about 2 mm of the apexes were resected to ensure that the roots easily seated in the alveolar socket and the prepared cavities in root ends were obturated with the amalgam. The teeth were placed into their respective sockets and splinted temporarily. The root canal therapy was completed 5 weeks later. Ankylosis was observed radiographically after 10 months. The patient is now 23 years old and he is still able to use both the central incisors functionally. However, there is a pink appearance on the cervical buccal surface of left central incisor because of progressive replacement resorption. In this case, the new treatment plan is to perform a permanent restoration with dental implants following the extraction of both teeth. Even though the long-term prognosis is uncertain, this treatment technique has provided an advantage for the patient in his adolescent period by maintaining the height of alveolar bone and making the provision of an aesthetically acceptable permanent restoration at a later age possible.     

暴露疗法在断指再植术后伤口护理中的应用

目的探讨暴露疗法在断指再植术后伤口护理中的应用效果。方法根据纳入标准选取断指再植患者310例，按入院时间分为两组，对术后伤口护理实施纱布敷料包扎即为对照组127例，对术后早期（6～8h）拆除再植手指伤口渗血未完全干燥的敷料采用暴露疗法即为实验组183例。两组在断指血液循环、伤口感染、存活率、医疗成本等4方面进行比较，根据结果指导临床。结果实施暴露疗法的183例断指再植患者中在断指血液循环、伤口感染、成活率、医疗成本等方面均优于包扎疗法，并使平均医疗费用、住院时间、并发症均减少。结论对断指再植术后伤口护理实施暴露疗法，便于观察断指血液循环及伤口感染，较早地预防并发现血管危象，降低其发生率，指导护理人力资源的合理配置，降低医疗成本支出，提高断指再植成活率。     

严重多发锐器伤伴断肢(指)损伤的控制治疗

目的 探讨损伤控制原则在严重多发锐器伤伴断肢(指)救治中的临床应用.方法 对多发伤损伤40例,严重度评分(ISS)≥16分者,其中伴断腕11例、断掌9例、断指9例、前臂离断8例、肘部离断3例.在多科协作积极救治多发伤的同时,清创离断肢(指)体,一期行断肢(指)再植,术后待病情稳定后,早期进行肌腱修复.结果 临床治疗40例,再植肢(指)全部成活,术后随访0.5～3.0年,根据断肢再植功能评定标准评定:优8例,良21例,中7例,差4例,优良率为72.5%.结论 多科合作、早期救治多发伤,应用显微外科技术是提高多发伤伴断肢(指)再植成功率的关键.     

11例不短缩骨及关节断腕再植的方法及疗效分析

目的探讨不短缩骨及关节断腕再植、不移植血管的的方法及疗效。方法11例刀砍伤断腕再植患者,均行不短缩骨及保留关节进行断腕再植,关节骨折行关节周围韧带及筋膜缝合术,以达到完全解剖复位,血管周围分离延长后,缝合血管周围筋膜组织,使血管端减张后进行吻合再植,随访成活率及手腕的功能。结果11例断腕再植完全成活,成活率100%,术后随访3～12个月,手腕功能良好。结论不短缩骨,保留关节的完整性,不移植血管,采用关节骨折缝合固定达到完全解剖复位,血管周围分离延长后进行血管吻合再植,方法可靠,手腕外形及功能良好。     

甲钴胺对断指再植术后感觉功能恢复的促进作用

目的探讨甲钴胺对断指再植术后感觉功能恢复的促进作用。方法将236例断指再植术后的病人分为5组,A、B、C组分别肌肉注射5001、000、1 500μg甲钴胺,每日1次,共30次,然后改为每日口服1 500μg甲钴胺片剂,累计共4个月;D组每日口服1 500μg甲钴胺片剂,共4个月;E组为阴性对照组。术后不同时间段对手指感觉功能进行评定。结果 A、B、C、D组在术后不同时间段手指感觉功能恢复均明显优于E组(F=11.473~23.388,q=2.533~5.533,P<0.05),感觉功能恢复的效果与应用甲钴胺的剂量呈正相关(r=0.197~0.322,P<0.05),肌肉注射效果优于口服。长期应用甲钴胺不良反应轻微。结论甲钴胺对断指再植术后断指感觉功能的恢复有促进作用,且与药物的剂量呈正相关。