Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a disease affecting around 0.006–0.016% of the population. Of these, around 75% have concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to the most recent epidemiological studies. Several theories have been proposed regarding the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). These include changes in the function of cholangiocytes, effects of the gut microbiome, association with specific human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and dysregulation of the immune system. However, these do not explain the observed association with IBD. Moreover, there are considerable differences in the frequency and outcomes between patients with PSC and ulcerative colitis compared with PSC and Crohn’s disease. The aim of this review is to appraise the most recent studies that have contributed to the epidemiology, advances in the pathophysiology, and characterization of important clinical aspects of the association of PSC and IBD.     

麻仁软胶囊对便秘型 IBS 大鼠模型肠黏膜 5 - HT 含量的影响

目的研究麻仁软胶囊对便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS）模型大鼠5-HT含量的影响,探讨麻仁软胶囊治疗便秘型IBS的作用机制。方法将大鼠分为中药组、西药组、模型组、正常组4组,采用冰水灌胃慢性刺激方法将前3组复制为大鼠便秘型IBS模型,观察各组大鼠粪便的数量及性状,于第14天造模成功后中药组灌中药,西药组灌西药,模型组及正常组予以正常饮食。于第28天将各组大鼠进行解剖取其部分结肠,将其做成石蜡切片,在HE染色下和SABC免疫组化染色下镜下观察各组肠组织变化及肠黏膜上5-HT的含量。结果IBS模型大鼠5-HT表达增高,出现IBS临床症状;经麻仁软胶囊干预后,大鼠5-HT表达降低。结论麻仁软胶囊可增高大鼠肠道敏感性,其作用机制与降低大鼠结肠5-HT表达、增高肠道敏感性有关。     

Associations between Abnormal Eating Styles and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study among Medical School Students

(1) Background: Few studies have investigated the association between eating styles and IBS. This study aimed to explore the association between abnormal eating styles and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated students in China Medical University and Shenyang Medical College. Eating styles were evaluated by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and IBS was diagnosed according to Rome III criteria. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). (3) Results: A total of 335 students were diagnosed with IBS. Students with the total scores in tertile 2 and 3 had 1.29 times and 2.75 times higher risk of IBS than students with the total scores in tertile 1, respectively. Simultaneously, the risk of IBS in the tertile 3 of external eating, emotional eating, and restraint eating trends was 3.87 times, 2.71 times, and 3.82 times higher than that of tertile 1, respectively. (4) Conclusions: this study showed that a high score in both total eating styles and each eating style was associated with the odds of having IBS and suggested that the psychological factors behind eating styles may play a critical role in controlling the IBS.     

三黄片在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用价值探讨

目的探讨三黄片在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法对36例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的治疗进行回顾性总结。结果治疗组中18例患者经过保守治疗,痊愈15例,有效17例,有效率94．4％;对照组中18例治愈10例,有效率83．3％。结论三黄片在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中具有一定的应用价值,值得推广。     

The Nature and Management of Complications in Carotid Artery Stenting

Intussusception is rare in adults and it can be a challenge to diagnose on admission. Non-specific and variable signs and symptoms, frequently only occurring episodically, may cause a considerable delay before treatment. However, in 90% a predisposing organic cause can be found in adults.

A case is presented of small bowel intussusception secondary to a lipoma in a 54-year-old man in whom diagnosis was suggested by CT-scan. The patient was treated with a laparoscopic-assisted reduction and extracorporeal partial small bowel resection, followed by a latero-lateral anastomosis.

This case serves as the basis of a review of small bowel intussusception in adults secondary to lipomas. It focuses on the rarity of the disease, but stresses the need for early referral and investigation in middle-aged patients with recurrent abdominal symptoms.     

Magnesium—A Potential Key Player in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases?

The altered magnesium status in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may have a significant clinical imprint considering its role in cell signaling and genomic stability, as well as its involvement in IBD patients’ fatigue. Our study pioneers the investigation of magnesium hair concentration patterns in an adult population of IBD patients. The hair magnesium concentration in IBD patients is compared to healthy controls in order to identify correlations between the magnesium status and relevant parameters related to disease activity, psychological status, and sleep quality. We report a significantly lower hair magnesium concentration within the IBD group compared to healthy controls (95%CI: 0.006–0.062; p = 0.017) and lower levels in CD compared to UC (95%CI: −0.061–−0.002; p = 0.038). We identified a borderline statistical significance between the hair magnesium concentration and UC disease activity (95%CI; −0.679–0.008; p = 0.055) and a significantly lower magnesium concentration in patients who reported increased sleep latency (95%CI −0.65–−0.102; p = 0.011) or decreased sleep duration (95%CI −0.613–−0.041; p = 0.028). Our results advance several hypotheses with substantial clinical impact to be confirmed in future studies. Magnesium levels appear to be modified in IBD patients, which suggests it either plays a primary role in disease pathophysiology or a is result of the disease’s evolution. Magnesium could be used in predictive models for clinical/subclinical disease activity. Moreover, magnesium supplementation may improve IBD evolution and sleep quality for patients with a deficit of this mineral. However, confirmatory evidence-based studies are needed to generate specific dosing, time of supplementation, and optimum monitoring of magnesium status in IBD patients.     

Alterations in Bacterial Metabolism Contribute to the Lifespan Extension Exerted by Guarana in Caenorhabditis elegans

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a widely consumed nutraceutical with various health benefits supported by scientific evidence. However, its indirect health impacts through the gut microbiota have not been studied. Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model to study both the direct and indirect effects of nutraceuticals, as the intimate association of the worm with the metabolites produced by Escherichia coli is a prototypic simplified model of our gut microbiota. We prepared an ethanoic extract of guarana seeds and assessed its antioxidant capacity in vitro, with a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and in vivo, utilizing C. elegans. Additionally, we studied the impact of this extract on C. elegans lifespan, utilizing both viable and non-viable E. coli, and assessed the impact of guarana on E. coli folate production. The extract showed high antioxidant capacity, and it extended worm lifespan. However, the antioxidant and life-extending effects did not correlate in terms of the extract concentration. The extract-induced life extension was also less significant when utilizing dead E. coli, which may indicate that the effects of guarana on the worms work partly through modifications on E. coli metabolism. Following this observation, guarana was found to decrease E. coli folate production, revealing one possible route for its beneficial effects.     

大肠癌及癌旁组织中TAG-72抗原及两种凝集素PNA和DBA受体的表达

应用肿瘤相关糖蛋白７２抗原（ＴＡＧ－７２）的单抗７２－４５及两种凝集素ＰＮＡ和ＤＢＡ对不同组织分型的大肠癌及癌旁组织进行了研究。结果表明：大肠癌中ＴＡＧ－７２抗原及ＰＮＡ受体的表达阳性率分别为８５．３％和８９．３％，ＤＢＡ受体呈阴性；在癌旁组织中三者的表达阳性率分别为５０％、５３．３％和６３．３％；在正常大肠粘膜中ＴＡＧ－７２抗原及ＰＮＡ受体均呈阴性，而ＤＢＡ受体全部呈阳性。由此认为７２－４５单抗和ＰＮＡ可做为大肠癌的有效标记物，有助于大肠癌的诊断和预后。     

产前超声对胎儿肠管扩张的诊断价值

目的：探讨产前超声诊断胎儿肠管扩张的诊断价值.方法：对120例产前超声检查发现胎儿肠管扩张病例进行回顾性分析.结果：（1）在120例肠管扩张的胎儿中,46.7％出生后排便正常,53.3％发生不良妊娠结局.（2）胎儿肠管扩张发生部位越高,预后越差.（3）十二指肠扩张通常伴有羊水增多,而小肠扩张与结肠扩张多不伴有羊水增多.结论：胎儿肠管扩张可导致不良围产期结果,且妊娠结局与肠管扩张发生的部位有关.     

Cajal间质细胞与肠易激综合征脑肠轴的相互作用关系

Cajal间质细胞（interstitial cells of Cajal, ICC）是连接胃肠道神经系统与平滑肌细胞的重要间质细胞,广泛分布于胃肠组织中,是胃肠慢波电位的起搏者、传导者,在调控胃肠动力方面起重要作用。肠易激综合征（irritable bowel syndrome,IBS）是一种胃肠功能紊乱性疾病,发病机制至今仍未阐明。目前,大量研究报道认为,IBS存在ICC数量、形态、结构及功能的异常,与胃肠动力紊乱、内脏高敏感性、神经递质分泌及胃肠激素分泌异常等密切相关。本文就ICC与IBS发病机制研究现状进行探讨。