Geometric Analysis of the Distolingual Root and Canal in Mandibular First Molars: A Micro–computed Tomographic Study

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess by micro–computed tomographic imaging the anatomic features of distolingual (DL) roots and canals in mandibular first molars collected from 1 population.MethodsOne hundred two specimens were examined for the location and initial direction of the DL canal and the relationship between the distance of apical deviation and the angle of root curvature.ResultsAll DL roots had only 1 canal. A new 7-category classification system is proposed for the DL roots of mandibular first molars. Most DL roots were type IV (28 teeth), type III (26 teeth), and type V (25 teeth). The average canal curvature in all root types was over 25°. There was a positive correlation between the angles of root and canal curvature for types II, IV, and V (P < .05) but not for types I and III (P > .05). In the buccolingual view, most DL roots were straight, whereas in the mesiodistal view the root curvature was close to the maximum value. The orifice of the DL canal was 4 times further from the line that bisects a line between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canal orifices than the distobuccal canal. The angle between the mesiobuccal-mesiolingual line and the horizontal projection of the coronal third of the DL canal on the pulp floor was 8.1° ± 10.0° and 6.1° ± 8.2° for teeth from the left and right side, respectively. The angle between the inserted simulated file and the cementoenamel junction was 57.9° ± 6.3°. Seventy-three percent of the DL canals had no constriction in the apical area. The DL canals were narrow and had a conical frustum-like shape with a 0.04 taper at the apical portion.ConclusionsThe novel classification of the DL roots helps to better understand the clinically challenging anatomy of the root and canal.     

Distribution of methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem

We have studied the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and axons are containing methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem. Immunoreactive axons were widely distributed, whereas the distribution of perikarya was less widespread. A high or moderate density of axons containing methionine-enkephalin were found from rostral to caudal levels in the substantia nigra, nucleus interpeduncularis, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, nucleus dorsalis raphae, nucleus centralis raphae, nuclei dorsalis and ventralis tegmenti of Gudden, locus ceruleus, nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini, nucleus cuneatus externalis, nucleus tractus solitarius, nuclei vestibularis inferior and medialis, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus olivaris inferior and in the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the nuclei centralis and dorsalis raphae, nucleus motorius nervi trigemini, nucleus centralis superior, nucleus nervi facialis, nuclei parabrachialis medialis and lateralis, nucleus ventralis raphae, nucleus reticularis lateralis and in the formatio reticularis. We have also described the presence of perikarya containing methionine-enkephalin in the nuclei nervi abducens, ruber, nervi oculomotorius and nervi trochlearis. These results suggest that in the minipig the pentapeptide may be involved in many physiological functions (for example, proprioceptive and nociceptive information; motor, respiratory and cardiovascular mechanisms).     

中西医结合治疗2型糖尿病阴虚燥热型

目的探讨益气养阴清热方联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病阴虚燥热型患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择216例2型糖尿病阴虚燥热型患者,采用随机数字表法分成对照组和治疗组,各108例,所有患者均严格控制饮食及行合理运动锻炼等治疗。对照组给予盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予益气养阴清热方（金银花、玄参、当归、丹参、甘草等）,观察2组治疗前后临床症状和体征、肝肾功能、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油等代谢指标变化情况及不良反应。结果治疗组总有效率94.44%,明显高于对照组的75.93%（P〈0.05）;2组各项代谢指标组间比较,治疗组治疗效果明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组不良反应发生率12.04%,明显低于对照组的23.15%（P〈0.05）。结论中西医结合治疗2型糖尿病,能清热泻火、益气养阴、止渴化浊,具有明显的降血糖、降血脂作用。     

白芍甘草药对中芹糖异甘草苷和异甘草苷在大鼠体内药代动力学研究

目的:比较炙甘草与白芍配伍前后,炙甘草中芹糖异甘草苷和异甘草苷的药动学行为差异。方法:采用文献报道的HPLC法,同时测定大鼠灌服炙甘草药材、白芍甘草药对后血浆中芹糖异甘草苷和异甘草苷的含量,计算药代动力学参数并进行t检验。结果:与白芍配伍后,异甘草苷的AUC显著降低,通过药时曲线趋势可见对芹糖异甘草苷亦有影响,但药代动力学参数表现不明显,尚需进一步研究。结论:白芍可能通过抑制炙甘草中的芹糖异甘草苷的代谢,增加其生物利用度。     

白芍治疗类风湿性关节炎配伍应用古代文献分析简

该文基于中医古籍数据库对古代文献中记载的白芍治疗类风湿性关节炎的配伍应用情况进行了分析,为类风湿性关节炎的临床和科研提供参考。同时,该文通过实际应用中医古籍数据库的检索功能,发现中医古籍数字资源的检索与利用存在的优势与不足,为中医古籍数字化和数据库建设提供建议和参考。     

小柴胡汤加减方对慢性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺外分泌功能的影响

[目的] 观察小柴胡汤加减方对慢性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺外分泌的影响。[方法] 体质量180～200 g健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为3组：对照组、模型组及中药组。模型组及中药组大鼠尾静脉注射二氯二丁基酯（DBTC）溶液（7 mg/kg）,对照组仅尾静脉注射相同体积的溶剂。自造模第2天起中药组给予小柴胡汤加减方灌胃（10 mL/kg）,每日1次。常规饲28 d,3组大鼠行苯洛肽（BT-PABA）实验,收集6 h总尿量,计算6 h大鼠尿PABA排出率;同时留取粪便,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测大鼠粪弹力蛋白酶1（FE-1）含量。之后,麻醉大鼠,下腔静脉取血,用于血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶检测;取胰腺组织,用于组织病理学观察。[结果] 组织病理学可见模型组腺泡萎缩,纤维组织增生明显,中药组病理损伤程度减轻。与对照组比较,模型组大鼠尿PABA排出率下降（P<0.05）,模型组粪FE-1含量降低（P<0.05）.与模型组比较,中药组尿PABA排出率升高（P<0.05）,粪FE-1含量明显增加（P<0.05）.中药组血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性均较模型组降低（P<0.05）.[结论] 小柴胡加减方能够改善大鼠慢性胰腺炎胰腺外分泌功能。     

不同黄芩提取物制备工艺研究

日的制备不同黄芩苷含量的黄芩提取物。方法以正交试验优选较佳提取工艺,提取液采用酸沉碱溶处理,以乙醇沉淀使乙醇含量分别达到10％、20％、30％、40％、47．5％,乙醇液加盐酸沉淀得到提取物。结果得到不同纯度的黄芩提取物。结论研究结果可得到收率和转移率较高的差异化提取物。     

白山毛桃根提取物对人红白血病K562细胞作用研究

目的研究白山毛桃根提取物对人红白血病K562细胞增殖的抑制作用及其可能的作用机制。方法 MTT法检测白山毛桃根提取物对K562细胞增殖抑制的影响;Hoechst33258染色实验观察白山毛桃根提取物诱导K562细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞仪检测该药物诱导K562细胞凋亡的情况。结果白山毛桃根提取物可以抑制K562细胞增殖,且呈时间和浓度依赖性,对K562细胞的半数抑制率(IC_(50))在24 h、48 h、72 h时分别为31、28、10 mg/ml,形态学观察表明白山毛桃根提取物能诱导K562细胞的凋亡。结论白山毛桃根提取物能抑制K562细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡。     

复方苦参联合热疗对肝癌腹水患者的疗效分析

目的观察复方苦参联合体外高频热疗治疗晚期肝癌腹水患者的临床疗效。方法对照组：应用复方苦参50ml/次,腹腔内注射,2次/周,连续4周。观察组：应用复方苦参50ml/次,腹腔内注射,联合体外高频热疗,7次/周,连续4周。观察及记录各组近期疗效、生存质量、免疫指标及不良反应。结果对照组12例中完全缓解0例,部分缓解3例,总有效率为25.0％。观察组13例中完全缓解2例,部分缓解8例,总有效率为76.9％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P≤0.01）。观察组与对照组比较,CD4＋/CD8＋和NK值差异均有统计学意义（P≤0.01）,治疗前后亦有统计学差异（P≤0.01）。两组均未见明显不良反应。结论复方苦参联合热疗治疗晚期肝癌腹水疗效可靠,显著改善患者的生活质量,可能与增强患者NK细胞活性,提高CD4＋/CD8＋比例有关。     

葛根总黄酮对骨髓瘤细胞株U266及RPMI8226增殖作用的研究

 【摘要】　目的　初步探讨葛根总黄酮（PRF）对骨髓瘤细胞株U266及RPMI 8226增殖影响及其机制。方法　采用0、10、30、50、100 μg／ml PRF分别处理U266、RPMI 8226细胞 48 h及72 h,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化,瑞特染色观察细胞形态学改变,FITC-Annexin V／PI双染法检测细胞早期凋亡率改变,DNA片段化分析观察PRF处理U266细胞DNA断裂片段。结果　PRF可以抑制2种骨髓瘤细胞增殖,对U266细胞抑制作用大于对RPMI 8226细胞的作用,呈浓度依赖性;随PRF浓度增加2种细胞凋亡比例增加。瑞特染色未观察到2种细胞凋亡形态学特征。0、10、30、50、100 μg／ml PRF 处理U266细胞48 h早期凋亡率分别为（3.20±0.36）%、（5.20±0.92）%、（7.30±1.22）%、（8.10±0.53）%、（10.80±0.90）%,呈剂量依赖性增高,组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DNA片段化分析U266细胞未出现凋亡细胞特有的DNA梯带。结论　一定浓度PRF对骨髓瘤U266及RPMI 8226细胞具有较明显的增殖抑制作用;PRF对U266细胞增殖抑制作用机制虽可能与凋亡相关,但并非U266细胞增殖受抑的主要途径,其确切机制有待进一步探讨。