HBV-M定量检测与HBV-DNA含量水平关系的初步探讨

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒标志物定量检测结果与其HBV-DNA含量的临床关系。方法 采用时间分辨免疫定量和荧光定量-PCR技术，对HBV-DNA和HBV-DNA含量进行检测。结果 在HBsAg/HBeAg/HBcAb,HBsAg/HBcAb/HBcAb,HBeAg/IC及单纯HBcAb阳性的四个组别中，HBV-DNA阳性率分别是97.17%、30.56%、100%和25%；在HBsAg,HBeAg,HBeAb,HBcAb定量检测高，低值两组HBV-DNA含量对比中，HBV-DNA阳性率分别为76.92%、58.14%；100%、97.26%；20.00%、11.42%；64.62%、27.63%。结论 HBV-DNV比HBV-M更能及时准确反映乙型肝炎病毒感染者的病程情况。     

Adverse drug reactions: physicians' opinions versus a causality assessment method

Since spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions depends on the physician's opinion of the relationship between the drug and the adverse event, we compared physicians' opinions with the scores obtained by the causality assessment method used in France. During a 2 month period, all physicians who reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to our pharmacovigilance centre expressed their opinions on the causal link by means of visual analogue scales. ADR reports were then assessed with the French causality assessment method by a clinical pharmacologist who was blind to physicians' opinions.The assessment by both physicians and the standardized method was performed for 75 ADR cases involving 120 drugs. Physicians used a wide range of assessments, with a preponderance of extreme scores, resulting in a U-shaped distribution, while the standardized method gave generally low scores. Scores given by physicians were very high (causality considered very likely or likely) in 60% of cases and very low (causality considered unlikely or dubious/possible) in 32% of cases. Scores obtained using the causality assessment method were low (causality dubious/possible) in 89% of cases and causality considered likely in only 11 cases, essentially in cases with positive rechallenge. Complete agreement occurred in only 6% of cases. Adding complete agreement and minor discrepancies raised the percentage to 49%.     

Adverse reactions to non-ionic contrast media with special regard to high-risk patients

Non-ionic contrast media (CM) are proven to be significantly safer than the high osmolar ionic contrast media (HOCM). Nevertheless deaths are reported after administration of non-ionic agents. The aim of the study was to investigate the rate of adverse reactions to non-ionic CM with special regard to high-risk patients and the effects of premedication with H1-and H2-receptor antagonists.In a prospective study conducted over about 2 years 12 995 examinations with intravenous or intra-arterial non-ionic CM were evaluated. Premedication with H1-and H2-antagonists was used in 1276 high-risk patients with known adverse reaction to CM, history of allergy or severe cardiac or pulmonary disease. 229 patients received no premedication inspite of known risk factors. In total, there were 143 (1.10%) adverse reactions (mild in 0.58%, moderate in 0.41% and severe in 0.05%). In high-risk patients there were adverse reactions in 4.37% without and in 1.57% with premedication. There were no severe adverse reactions in the high-risk patients after premedication. The age of the patient, CM dosage and CM concentration were not shown to be risk factors in the present study. In conclusion, the additional premedication with H1- and H2-antagonists could be an effective agent to reduce the risk of mild and moderate adverse reactions and to avoid severe adverse reactions in high-risk patients. Correspondence to: U. Fink     

海南文昌汉族人群中两种葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变的研究

目的:分析海南文昌人群中葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因1376G→T、95A→G突变。方法:应用硝基四氮唑蓝定量法进行G6PD缺乏症的筛查,用等位基因特异PCR检测1376G→T、95A→G突变。结果:在358位海南文昌汉族人中,发现G6PD缺乏症患者20例,其中9例患者有1376G→T突变,3例患者有95A→G突变。结论:1376G→T、95A→G突变是文昌人群中常见的突变。     

No evidence for an altered mRNA expression or protein level of haematopoietic cell phosphatase in CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells or mature peripheral blood cells in polycythaemia vera

Abstract: Polycythaemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by haematopoietic progenitor cells being hypersensitive to cytokines such as erythropoietin, interleukin-3, stem cell factor and insulin-like growth factor 1, which results in an increased production of mature blood cells. The pathogenetic cellular mechanism(s) behind this hypersensitivity to cytokines is unknown, but the number of cytokine receptors and the interaction between ligand and receptor are normal in PV. Interest has therefore focused on post-receptor mechanism(s). Haematopoietic cell phosphatase (HCP) is an intracellular tyrosine phosphatase that has been demonstrated to regulate proliferative signals negatively induced by the cytokines mentioned above. Moreover, motheaten mice that genetically lack HCP have an increased amount of erythroid progenitors that are hypersensitive to Epo, and patients with familial polycythaemia have been shown to exhibit a mutation of the Epo receptor gene that includes the docking site for HCP. We therefore studied mRNA expression of HCP in pure populations of CD34⁺ cells, granulocytes, platelets and lymphocytes from patients with PV, chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) or essential thrombocythemia (ET), as well as healthy controls. Using a polymerase chain reaction analysis employing specific primers for HCP, we failed to detect any abnormalities of HCP expression in PV in any of the cell populations that were examined. Moreover, HCP mRNA expression was similar in ET and CML compared to controls. Finally, Western blot analysis revealed a normal HCP protein content in PV granulocytes and platelets. We therefore conclude that neither an impaired expression of the HCP gene nor a defect in HCP protein synthesis is present in PV, and does not seem to play a role in the aetiology of this disorder.     

磷脂酶C与生殖

磷脂酶C(PLC)是磷脂酰肌醇信号转导途径中一个关键酶。目前确认的哺乳类PLC共有PLC β、PLC γ、PLC δ、PLC ε和最近新发现的PLC ζ 5种亚型 ,12种同工酶。不同亚型的结构、调控和组织分布各有差异。PLC在调控信号转导通路中的特性使其在顶体反应、卵子激活中发挥了巨大的作用。本文综述了PLC家族 5种亚型的结构、调控机制及PLC在男性生殖领域的相关内容 ,包括PLC引起卵子发生Ca2 + 振荡、激活卵子、促进胚胎发育等 ,并进一步探讨了PLC在临床上可能的应用前景。     

SOD降低辐射诱发染色体畸变的实验研究

目的　观察加入外源性SOD对辐射诱发人血淋巴细胞染色单体型畸变和染色体型畸变的影响。方法　 (1)人血 37℃培养 70h后加入不同浓度SOD ,接受 1Gy60 Co -γ射线照射 ,再培养 3h ,按常规方法制片 ,每组镜检 30 0个细胞 ,观察SOD对辐射诱发染色单体型畸变的影响 ;(2 )人血先加入不同浓度SOD ,再按上述条件照射 1Gy ,37℃培养 5 4h ,按常规方法制片 ,每组镜检 30 0个细胞 ,观察SOD对辐射诱发染色体型畸变的影响。 结果　(1)各个浓度SOD(5× 10 -3 ～ 5× 10 -1mg/ml )对辐射诱发的染色单体型互换和断裂均有非常明显的降低作用 ;(2 )只有中浓度SOD对染色体性畸变包括染色体互换与断片 ,以及高浓度SOD对染色体互换才产生降低作用。结论　在上述实验条件下 ,不同浓度SOD对辐射诱发的染色单体型畸变和染色体型畸变均有不同程度降低作用。     

WR-2721对γ线照射小鼠胃排空的防护作用

小鼠经γ线1200rad照射后胃排空受到明显抑制,如照前15min腹腔注射WR-2721 5mg或10mg对照后3天胃排空的抑制有明显改善。虽然WR-2721药物本身对胃排空具有一定的抑制作用,但经过24～48h后则可表现出对胃排空有一定程度的改善效应,这可能与该药减轻急性放射损伤的过程有关。