Renal epithelium: reversal of cytotoxic damage by addition of anti-thymocyte globulin

A novel in vitro assay of renal epithelium tight junction function was used to assess the efficacy with which rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) blocks epithelium damage mediated by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. It was found that LAK cells lysed renal epithelial cells poorly in standard chromium-release assays but that they caused a rapid, and almost total, reduction in trans-epithelium monolayer resistance, indicating tight junction failure and, hence, loss of tissue function. LAK cell-mediated cytolysis of the sensitive K562 cell line was completely blocked in the presence of ATG at a concentration of 200 g/ml. Addition of ATG at this concentration to damaged renal cell monolayers in the presence of LAK cells allowed the trans-monolayer resistance to recover rapidly to levels approaching the values recorded before initial addition of LAK cells. On this basis it seems likely that the rapid restoration of renal function frequently observed after appropriate rescue therapy during episodes of acute rejection may reflect subtle changes in tissue function rather than recovery from widespread graft cell cytolysis.     

三黄软膏皮肤用药毒性实验研究

为观察三黄软膏药物外用的安全性 ,进行了动物完整皮肤及破损皮肤长期接触三黄软膏 ,经皮肤渗透对局部及全身产生的毒性和反应的恢复程度 ,用三黄软膏 2g·kg-1、10g·kg-1剂量 (分别相当于 6 0kg人临床用量的 10、5 0倍 )连续对家用兔外用给药4周及停药恢复性观察 2周。结果表明给药期动物的皮肤状况、全身症状、行为活动、摄食、粪便性状、体重增长、血液学均未见明显的毒性反应 ,而高剂量组动物血液生化指标AST、ALT明显增高 ,病理组织学检查时肝水肿明显 ,可见有一定的毒性反应 ;停药期动物的血液生化指标AST、ALT肝组织病理组织学检查恢复正常 ,其他各项指标均未见明显的毒性反应 ,可见该毒性反应是可逆恢复的。表明三黄软膏在临床用药范围内连续使用是比较安全的。     

丹参关节内注射对兔膝骨关节炎细胞因子IL-1及TNF的影响

为了解丹参注射液膝关节内注射对兔膝骨性关节炎中白细胞介素(IL-1)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)水平的影响，探讨其治疗骨性关节炎的机理，将64只兔随机分为4组，采用兔膝关节腔内注入木瓜蛋白酶造成骨关节炎的病理模型，以丹参与激素分别行关节腔内注射治疗进行对比观察，于造模后2、4、6、8周分别取材，采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法，分别测定各组、各期兔膝关节液中IL-1及TNF水平。结果显示，造模组IL-1及TNF的水平明显高于丹参组及激素组，有显著差异；空白组未能测出IL-1及TNF；激素组低于丹参组，有统计学差异。表明IL-1及TNF在骨性关节炎发病过程中可能起重要作用，丹参能有效降低骨性关节炎中IL-1及TNF的水平，其效果低于激素组，表明丹参关节内注射能有效治疗骨性关节炎，但效果略次于激素。     

兔眼辐射损伤后角膜和晶体上皮细胞DNA含量的定量分析

利用改良Feulgen染色和图像分析技术对不同剂量6 0 Coγ射线 (0、 10、 2 0和 30Gy)和照后不同时间 (3、 15天和 1、 3、 6个月 )的兔眼角膜和晶体上皮细胞的DNA含量进行了定量分析。结果表明 ,各剂量组DNA含量的MOD和IOD值降低 ,与对照组相比均有明显差异 (p<0 0 1) ,提示辐射能引起角膜及晶体上皮细胞核中DNA含量发生规律性变化 ,因此角膜及晶体上皮细胞DNA含量测定可以作为眼辐射损伤的指标之一 ,为其诊断提供实验依据。     

肾上腺素诱导兔血小板聚集的实践与理论探讨

目的创建以Ａｄｒ诱导兔血小板聚集的方法，并对受体分子特性作初步探讨。方法以高Ｋ＋缓冲液等取代兔ＰＲＰ中血浆，以Ａｄｒ诱导聚集，以Ａｐｙｒ证实结果。结果兔血小板悬浮于高Ｋ＋缓冲液时Ａｄｒ能单独诱导真正的聚集。结论由此推测血小板膜上α２肾上腺素受体分子可能为由两种亚单位组成：促聚亚单位和辅助亚单位。人辅助亚单位当Ａｄｒ浓度高达聚集阈值以上时可被激活，与促聚亚单位结合为活性的二聚体，与Ａｄｒ进一步结合发生聚集作用。兔辅助亚单位则还需要高Ｋ＋方能被激活     

幼年家兔口服苯妥英锌7个月小脑生长发育的研究

目的:考察长期口服苯妥英锌(phenytoinzinc,PZ)对幼年家兔小脑生长发育的影响。方法:1月龄新西兰家兔分别给予PZ或苯妥英钠(phenytoinsodium,PS)7个月(剂量分别为:30、10mg·kg-1·d-1),药前、药中(4个月)和药后进行三次CT扫描,测量小脑最大横径和蚓部最大横径。服药结束后处死动物,Bouin氏液灌注固定脑组织,测定全脑的长、宽和高以及重量。结果:CT扫描显示PS组服药4个月和7个月后,小脑最大横径分别缩短14.0%(P<0.05)和32.2%(P<0.01);蚓部最大横径分别缩短16.4%(P<0.05)和30.8%(P<0.01)。PZ组仅在服药7个月后,小脑和蚓部的最大横径比对照组分别缩短16.1%(P<0.05)和19.7%(P<0.05)。固定后的小脑和蚓部的长度和宽度,PS组均比对照组明显缩短;全脑湿重和乙醇脱水后重量以及小脑重量与对照组比较均显著减轻,其中全脑脱水后重量减轻15.4%(P<0.05),小脑重量减轻18.4%(P<0.05)。而PZ组的上述测定值与对照组均无显著性差异。结论:幼兔长期口服高剂量PS后导致小脑萎缩,而口服PZ后对小脑的形态影响比PS轻,有可能降低本类抗癫痫药物长期服用后引起的小脑萎缩。     

阿扎司特滴眼液对家兔眼刺激性试验

目的　观察阿扎司特滴眼液对兔眼刺激性影响。方法　计数兔眨眼次数、短期多次给药眼刺激 (1次 / 15min ,连续滴眼 2h)和长期给药眼刺激 (5次·d-1,连续滴眼 4w)作用。结果　阿扎司特滴眼液对兔眨眼次数与赋形剂对照液比较无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。短期多次及长期给药刺激试验对兔眼均无明显影响 ,双眼角膜透明 ,无混浊 ,虹膜纹理清晰 ,结膜无充血 ,无水肿、无分泌物。结论　阿扎司特滴眼液临床应用是安全的     

三七、茜草复方对置铜宫内节育器家兔子宫局部t-PA活性的影响

目的 探讨三七、茜草(SQ)复方治疗置铜宫内节育器(Cu-IUD)所致子宫异常出血的作用机理。方法 制 作家兔置Cu-IUD动物模型,以吲哚美辛作对照,观察SQ复方对置Cu-IUD家兔模型子宫匀浆中组织型纤溶酶原激 活物(t-PA)活性的影响。结果 置Cu-IUD家兔模型子宫匀浆中t-PA的含量增高(P<0．01),经SQ复方治疗后与模 型组比较有显著性差异(P<0．01),说明SQ复方能减少家兔子宫匀浆中t-PA的含量,降低t-PA的活性。结论 SQ 复方通过降低置Cu-IUD家兔子宫内膜局部的纤溶活性而达到止血的目的。     

附子水煎剂对家兔离体肺动脉血管的舒张作用

目的:研究附子Monkshood Root(DMR)水煎剂对肺动脉环的舒张作用及机制.方法:采用家兔离体肺动脉平滑肌标本,以去甲肾上腺素(NA)预收缩肺动脉后,给予不同剂量的附子观察其张力变化,并探讨去除血管内皮、给予NO合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸(L-NNA)、甲烯蓝(MB)、环氧酶抑制剂吲哚美辛和β肾上腺素能受体阻断剂普萘洛尔对血管张力变化的影响.结果:附子对血管环静息张力无明显影响,但不同剂量的附子可使10-6mol·L-1NA预收缩血管产生明显舒张(r=0.71,P＜0.001).去除血管内皮、10-4mol·L-1L-NNA或10-5mol·L-1MB可减弱附子的舒张作用.另外,1 mg·mL-1DMR对无内皮血管环NA和KCl的量效曲线无明显影响,DMB温育前后NA的PD2值为7.56±0.95和7.30±0.83,P＞0.05;KCl的PD2值为1.74±0.48和1.71±0.51,P＞0.05.结论:附子水煎剂对肺动脉的舒张作用是内皮依赖性,与内皮细胞释放的NO有关,而与平滑肌细胞膜上的受体依赖性Ca2 通道和电压依赖性Ca2 无关.     

Does halothane or isoflurane affect hypoxic and post‐hypoxic vascular response in rabbit aorta?

BACKGROUND: Halothane and isoflurane affect differently endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation at 95% O2. In addition, hypoxic vascular response might involve endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated, in rabbit aortic rings, 1) the influence of halothane and isoflurane on vasodilation at 95% O2 and on hypoxic-induced vasorelaxation at 0% O2 and 2) the influence of halothane and isoflurane on endothelium-dependent and -independent post-hypoxic vascular response. METHODS: Endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rabbit aortic rings were used. Phenylephrine precontracted rings were exposed, at 95% O2, to acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-9) to 10(-4) M) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10(-9) to 10(-4) M) in the presence or absence of anaesthetic at 1 or 2 MAC. Precontracted rings were also exposed to an acute reduction in O2 from 95% to 0% followed by an acute reoxygenation with 95% O2 in the absence or presence of anaesthetic at 1 or 2 MAC. RESULTS: At 95% O2, halothane decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh, while endothelium-independent relaxation to SNP was decreased only at 2 MAC. Isoflurane did not modify ACh- or SNP-induced relaxation. At 0% O2, neither halothane nor isoflurane altered the hypoxic vascular relaxation. Post-hypoxic response was not changed either. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that halothane and isoflurane do not alter vascular hypoxic response in conductance arteries.