新型脂环驱避剂的合成及驱蚊活性

介绍了用不饱和环烷甲酰氯与二乙胺缩合制得的一种新型脂环驱避剂—环烯酰胺驱避剂（实验代号Ｒ２０２）的合成路线。所得样品通过元素分析、红外光谱证实了其结构。其驱蚊活性为１０％Ｒ２０２酊剂对埃及伊蚊绝对驱避时间为９ｈ，同样条件下１０％避蚊胺（Ｄｅｔ）酊剂的绝对驱避时间为７．５ｈ。     

Determination of microdialysis extraction fraction of cocaine by the no net flux method under high, low, and zero steady-state cocaine concentrations in rats

The effect of different steady-state cocaine concentration maintenance on the microdialysis extraction fraction of cocaine (in situ recovery; Ed) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was examined. Male, adult Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were used. All rats were randomly divided into three groups and were given cocaine i.v. infusion of either 0.6 mg/kg/min (group A), 0.3 mg/kg/min (group B), or 0.0 mg/kg/min (group C). A steady-state cocaine concentration in the blood was obtained for both A and B groups. They were 24.3 ± 2.3 μM and 11.1 ± 1.3 μM, respectively. We then applied the no net flux microdialysis method to determine the Ed of cocaine in vivo for all three groups. Results revealed that there was no significant difference of Ed under these three different infusion regimens (group A: 16 ± 2%; group B: 17 ± 1%; group C:21 ± 2%). The steady-state cocaine concentration in the mPFC was also estimated to be 17.7 ± 1.3 μM, 11.3 ± 2.0 μM, and 0.7 ± 0.6 μM, respectively. We then concluded that the Ed of cocaine in the mPFC is invariable while the steady-state cocaine concentration in the mPFC was ranging from 0 to 18 μM. This information is useful in the cocaine pharmacokinetic study since scientists are concerned about the variations of Ed while cocaine concentration in the mPFC is changing.     

Polyethylene glycol embedding: a technique compatible with immunocytochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, histofluorescence and intracellular staining

A technique is described which permits rapid processing of neural tissue for light microscopic analysis of sections of 1-40 microns thickness. This technique was developed as an alternative to paraffin embedding. When compared to paraffin, polyethylene glycol (PEG) offers the following advantages: 10-15 degrees C lower embedding temperatures, net tissue shrinkage of less than 5% vs approximately 50% in paraffin, and approximately one-half the embedding time. Tissue orientation during embedding and sectioning is particularly easy to control, e.g. 500 microns brain slices can be routinely flat-embedded and sectioned at 5 microns to form excellent ribbons. Since PEG is water-soluble, tissue may be dehydrated with a series of aqueous PEG solutions; the embedding matrix is easily removed by washing with a variety of aqueous buffers. These procedures allow subsequent electron microscopic analysis of material with generally well preserved ultrastructure. However, PEG is hygroscopic, thus tissue blocks become soft and difficult to section in high (greater than 90%) relative humidity. PEG was found to be compatible with intracellular staining with Lucifer yellow, horseradish peroxidase enzyme histochemistry, aqueous histofluorescence and immunocytochemical demonstration of neuronal peptides and glial fibrillary acidic protein.     

多导人工耳蜗植入后电极阻抗和ECAP的变化及意义

【目的】观察人工耳蜗植入后不同时间段的电极阻抗和电诱发复合动作电位（ECAP）阈值的变化，探讨其对调试间隔的指导意义。【方法】对17例植入人工耳蜗的患儿术中及术后30d开机时、开机使用10、20、30、40、50、60、90、150d的电极阻抗值和ECAP阈值进行观测和分析。【结果】术中和术后30d开机两个时间点与其它各时间点的阻抗值的差异有极显著意义；第22号电极的阻抗值与第2、4、6、8、10、12号等电极的差异有显著性意义，余电极间差异无显著性；电极2,4、6、8、10、12等的术中ECAP阈值与术后30d开机时的ECAP阈值的差异有显著意义。【结论】人工耳蜗植入电极的阻抗在开机使用后10d有急速的下降，开机使用30d时达最低值，但ECAP阈值的变化不明显；如果电极的阻抗和ECAP阈值在开机使用后2个月均变化不大，可以根据患者的表现适当推迟下次调试的时间。     

安体维康联合拉米夫定治疗乙肝病毒感染的临床研究

目的探讨安体维康和拉米夫定联用治疗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的临床疗效。方法选择慢性HBV感染患者105例。其中46例慢性HBV携带者，随机分为治疗组25例。对照组21例；59例慢性乙型肝炎，随机分为治疗组32例，对照组27例。治疗组均给予安体维康和拉米夫定口服，对照组给予灵芝气血宝口服。两组肝功能异常者均加用凯西菜、肝力宝等进行保肝治疗。结果口服拉米夫定和安体维康3个月时，血清中HBeAg和HBVDNA转阴率，慢性HBV携带者分别为24％和76％，与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0．05)；慢性乙型肝炎分别为46．88％和81．25％，与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0．05)。结论安体维康和拉米夫定联用能明显提高瑚BeAg和船HBVDNA的转阴率．疗效明显。     

复方利福平胶囊的差示－三波长分光光度测定

分别采用差示－三波长分光光度法和单波长分光光度法测定复方利福平胶囊中的异烟肼及利福平。方法简便、准确。回收率和ＲＳＤ分别为９９．７９％、９９．３４％和０．５３％、０．６７％。     

Reorganization of visual interneurons during metamorphosis in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus

The metamorphic fate of larval visual interneurons in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus has been examined by using reduced silver impregnation and immunocytochemistry of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). Visual interneurons in the second larval optic neuropile (medulla) can be followed throughout metamorphosis because of large somata located in the anterior edge of the imaginal medulla. Ten to 12 neurons in the larval medulla were immunoreactive to a GABAantiserum. They arborize in the larval medulla and extend dendritic processes to the first larval optic neuropile (lamina). After pupation, the medulla neurons lose GABA-immunoreactive larval processes and differentiate new processes that enter tangentially into the developing imaginal medulla. Axons of the surviving larval neurons follow an optic tract between the lobula and the lobula plate and extend to the lateral area of the protocerebrum. Thus, larval visual interneurons are incorporated into the imaginal optic lobe and may play a new role in the visual processing of the butterfly. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Temporal integration in nasal lateralization of homologous alcohols.

Through temporal integration, sensory systems accumulate stimulus energy, e.g., photons, acoustic energy, or molecules, over time to detect weaker signals than they otherwise could. Past studies found imperfect temporal integration in detection of nasal irritation: To maintain a fixed level of detection, one must increase stimulus duration by more than twofold to compensate for cutting concentration in half. Despite this generality, integration varied widely among compounds, from nearly perfect, i.e., an increase in duration of slightly more than twofold could compensate for cutting concentration in half, to highly imperfect. How do such differences relate to molecular parameters? Perhaps molecules that more readily dissolve into the lipid-rich perireceptor environment will accumulate, and therefore integrate, better over time. To test this hypothesis, studies compared temporal integration for three compounds that differ systematically in lipid solubility: n-ethanol, n-butanol, and n-hexanol. Subjects were healthy, adult humans. Nasal lateralization was used to measure irritation threshold. Subjects received a fixed concentration of a single compound within each experimental session, and stimulus duration was varied to find the briefest stimulus subjects could reliably lateralize. Concentration and compound varied across sessions. Consistent with the hypothesis, integration did become closer to perfect as lipid solubility increased. That just one molecular parameter can help predict degree of integration suggests that a structure-activity approach to understanding temporal integration shows promise.     

过氧化氢──戊二醛复合消毒液稳定性与杀菌效果的初步研究

本文报告用聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚作稳定剂研制过氧化氢－戊二醛复合消毒液，并在室温不避光保存条件下对其稳定性及存放６个月后的杀菌效果进行了观测。结果表明，在室温下，该复合消毒液放置于密闭玻璃瓶中在放１８０天后，过氧化氢有效浓度由３％下降到２．８５％，下降率为４．７７％；戊二醛有效浓度由０．５％下降到０．４５７％，下降率为８．６％。此时，该消毒液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞仍具有很强的杀灭能力，其杀灭效果与即时配制的２％中性戊二醛相同。     

3,5,3’,5’-四甲基联苯胺的合成

国内未见3,5,3’,5’-四甲基联苯胺的合成报道,作者首次在实验室合成成功,并由实验证明可用于神经组织的酶标结合物的研究。