几种生长因子在成骨细胞移植促进骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程中的动态表达

INTRODUCTIONOsteoblasttransplantwasthoughttobeoneofidealmethodstotreatsenileosteoporosisandfracturecausedbysenility．Wesepa－ratedandculturedosteoblastfromcraniumperiosteumofSDratsandtransplantedthemtoexperimentalbonedefectofsenilerats，thenweobservedexpressionsofvascularendothelialgrowthfactor（VEGF），basicfibroblastgrowthfactor（bFGF）andtransforminggrowthfactorβ１（TGF－β１）indifferentstages[１－２]．MATERIALSANDMETHODSMaterials９６SDratsdeliveredbyexperimentalanimalce…     

In situ characterization of change in superficial organic components of thermoacidophilic archaeon Acidianus manzaensis YN-25

For the first time, synchrotron radiation (SR) -based carbon K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in-situ characterization was conducted to evaluate the evolution of superficial (about 10 nm) organic components of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of thermoacidophilic archaeon Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 acclimated with different energy substrates (FeS₂, CuFeS₂, S⁰, FeSO₄). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) morphology scanning showed that the strain acclimated with different energy substrates varied a lot in EPS amount. XANES results showed clear associations between the energy substrates and the changes in organic composition in terms of typical function groups (CO, CO and CN). The chalcopyrite- and pyrite-acclimated cells contained higher proportion of proteins but less proportion of polysaccharides than the S⁰-acclimated cells. The FeSO₄-acclimated cells contained the highest proportion of proteins, while the S⁰-acclimated cells contained more lipids and polysaccharides. The results of linear-combination and peak fitting of the K-edge XANES for the extracellular superficial organic component C is consistent with the trend in comparison with the results of FTIR and spectrophotometric determination, but there are significant differences in the values. These differences are caused by the inconsistencies of measurement depth between XANES and the latter two characterization methods.     

肾细胞DNA合成刺激因子的实验和临床研究

采用大鼠原代肾皮质细胞体外培养和３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法检测１０例肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）患者和１０例正常献血员血清。结果显示：患者血清可显著提高原代肾皮质细胞ＤＮＡ中３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量，提示ＨＦＲＳ患者血清中可能存在某种促肾生长物质。同时利用本室制备的肾细胞ＤＮＡ合成刺激因子（ＲＤＳＳＦ）治疗ＨＦＲＳ４３例，并与２２例ＨＦＲＳ对照比较，治疗组尿素氮、血肌酐下降和尿蛋白消失优于对照组。     

江苏省美沙酮维持治疗者新型毒品滥用影响因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）者新型毒品滥用原因及影响因素。方法 采用1 ∶ 1配对病例对照研究设计。研究现场为江苏省新型毒品滥用情况较为严重的5个MMT门诊（南京市2个、无锡市2个、连云港市1个）。截止2017年5月,招募接受MMT≥6个月的新型毒品滥用者为病例组,按照1 ∶ 1配对原则选择对照组。利用问卷调查收集一般人口学特征、MMT治疗情况、家庭及社会支持情况、治疗期间毒品滥用情况等信息,尿液检测新型毒品,采用条件logistic回归模型等对新型毒品滥用可能的影响因素进行分析。结果 研究对象共212人（病例组与对照组各106人）,研究对象年龄（45.1±7.2）岁,以男性（78.3%,166/212）、已婚或同居（48.6%,103/212）、无业（63.2%,134/212）为主。滥用的主要新型毒品中,苯二氮卓占62.3%（66/106）、甲基苯丙胺占39.6%（42/106）,同时滥用≥2种毒品占8.5%（9/106）。多因素分析结果显示,最近6个月治疗过程中滥用阿片类毒品会增加新型毒品（OR=3.25,95% CI：1.35～7.79）、苯二氮卓（OR=3.25,95% CI：1.11～9.47）及甲基苯丙胺（OR=13.31,95% CI：1.12～158.01）滥用风险;家人提供MMT费用（OR=25.93,95% CI：1.81～371.15）会增加甲基苯丙胺滥用的风险;参加MMT≥9年则会使新型毒品（OR=0.03,95% CI：0.01～0.21）、苯二氮卓（OR=0.02,95% CI：0.00～0.36）及甲基苯丙胺（OR=0.02,95% CI：0.00～0.69）的滥用风险减少。结论 随着MMT时间增加,MMT者的新型毒品滥用减少。家庭及朋友的社会支持存在问题,会增加新型毒品滥用,且多集中于日常吗啡尿检阳性率较高的MMT者中。     

The adherence to UK legislation by online shops selling new psychoactive substances

Aims: On the 26th of May 2016, the UK Government introduced the Psychoactive Substances Act, 2016. The aim of this short report is to explore online shops selling New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) stated motivations for closing and the changes that arose preceding the ban. Methods: The search for online shops selling NPS was made throughout October 2015. From March to June 2016, data were collected on the status of the online shops, and whether they mentioned the ban, the delay, or their closure. Results: From the original 113 online shops, only 52% remained open. Those that remained were either based overseas (65%), removed NPS and became a headshop (19%), or were inactive (16%). Only 24% of UK-registered websites remained open after the ban. Conclusions: UK-registered websites closed down or moved domain locations and no longer sold to UK customers. UK-registered websites communicated with customers at each stage of the legislation. It is unknown whether the UK retailers have ceased selling NPS or have been displaced to underground markets (street level dealing or the hidden web). The majority of shops in this study were located in Europe or North America, showing that there is still high demand in both continents.     

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure assessment in a community exposed to contaminated drinking water,New Hampshire, 2015

Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in manufacturing that resist environmental degradation, can leach into drinking water, and bioaccumulate in tissues. Some studies have shown associations with negative health outcomes. In May 2014, a New Hampshire public drinking water supply was found to be contaminated with PFAS from a former U.S. Air Force base.

Malondialdehyde as biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have been used as biomarkers of lipid oxidation for more than thirty years. The validity of these biomarkers has been rightfully criticized for a lack of specificity and problems with post sampling formation. Numerous assays have been published for their analysis giving rise to reference intervals for healthy non-smoking humans varying more than to orders of magnitude. In spite of these problems, these biomarkers remain among the most commonly reported indices of oxidative damage and the present review focuses on the problems associated with MDA/TBARS analysis, their potential as biomarkers of oxidative stress and the effect of smoking on MDA status.     

In vitro metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids CUMYL‐PINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐PINACA,CUMYL‐4CN‐BINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐P7AICA and CUMYL‐4CN‐B7AICA

Synthetic cannabinoid consumption trends underlie fast changes and provide several challenges to clinical and forensic toxicologists. Due to their extensive metabolism, parent compounds are hardly detectable in urine. Therefore, knowledge of the metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids is essential to allow their detection in biological matrices. The aim of the present study was the elucidation of the metabolism of CUMYL‐PINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐PINACA, CUMYL‐4CN‐BINACA, 5F–CUMYL‐P7AICA, and CUMYL‐4CN‐B7AICA with a focus on the analytical and interpretational differentiation of the compounds. Microsomal assay mixtures containing co‐substrates, 10 μg/mL substrate and 1 mg/mL pooled human liver microsomes were incubated for 1 hour at 37°C. Investigation of the metabolites was performed on a Thermo Fischer Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system coupled to a Sciex 6600 QTOF System. Hydroxylation was observed to be a major biotransformation step for all 5 cumyl‐derivatives, followed by dihydroxylation. For CUMYL‐PINACA, a major metabolic pathway was hydroxylation at the pentyl moiety, followed by a second hydroxylation at that pentyl moiety or oxidation to ketone. A major metabolic pathway for the compounds containing a nitrile function was nitrile hydrolysis followed by carboxylation and further hydroxylation. For the fluorinated compounds, oxidative defluorination and carboxylation were abundant metabolic steps. Some of the metabolic transformations lead to structurally identical metabolites, which should not be used as marker for the intake of a particular parent compound. In addition, several constitutional isomers containing either an indazole or azaindole core structure were detected, which should be differentiated by retention time rather than by their mass spectra alone.