Protective Effects of Polydatin from Grapes and Reynoutria japonica Houtt. on Damaged Macrophages Treated with Acetaminophen

The unregulated use of acetaminophen (APAP), an antipyretic and analgesic drug, harms hepatocytes and kidney cells, leading to liver failure and acute kidney injury. Herein, we investigate whether APAP damages macrophages in the immune system by observing its effects on macrophage proliferation and apoptosis. Using proteomics, we analyzed the effects of APAP on macrophage protein expression profiles and evaluated whether polydatin, the active ingredient in grapes and wine, can repair the damaged cells. The results showed that APAP alters the morphology and physiological processes of macrophages, inhibits macrophage proliferation, and promotes apoptosis. We observed 528 differentially expressed proteins when 500 µg/mL APAP was administered to the cells. These proteins are involved in biological processes including cell division, apoptosis, and acute phase response. Overall, our findings demonstrate that APAP harms the immune system by damaging macrophages and that polydatin can repair this damage.     

Pembrolizumab-related Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated by Radiotherapy: Potential Immune-related Adverse Event Elicited by Radiation Therapy

The effect of radiotherapy during immunotherapy on immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is not fully understood. We herein report a 74-year-old woman diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with programmed death ligand 1 expression ≥50% and treated with pembrolizumab. She developed fatal immune thrombocytopenia associated with pembrolizumab immediately following radiotherapy. A flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood detected an increased expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and Ki-67 in CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ T cells after radiotherapy, compared with pre-irradiation measurements. This case suggests that radiotherapy may evoke irAEs during treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies, which physicians should consider when using radiotherapy in patients treated with these drugs.     

Assessment of the Impact of Ionizing Radiation Absorption on the Structural,Mechanical and Biophysical Properties of Textiles Used in Multilayer Space Suit

The article presents research on ergonomics, biophysical comfort and safety of protective clothing. The resistance of the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of five fabrics (CBXS400, GG200T, Twaron CT736, Dyneema HB26 and T1790C), differing in geometry and raw material composition used in space suits, to dangerous ionizing radiation (β and γ) occurring in space was tested. For both types of radiation, four identical one-time doses in the range of 25–100 kGy were used. The effect of the applied absorbed doses of β and γ radiation on the parameters of textiles influencing ergonomics and safety of the cosmonaut’s work was verified by structural tests (micro-computed tomography and optical microcopy), thermal resistance tests (sweating guarded-hotplate) and strength tests (tensile testing machine). Experimental studies of thermal properties are supplemented with heat transport simulations using the finite volume method performed with 3D models of real textiles. The greatest reduction of thermal resistance for Twaron CT736 (−0.0667 m²·°C·W⁻¹ for 100 kGy of β-radiation) and Dyneema HB26 (−0.0347 m²·°C·W⁻¹ for 50 kGy of β-radiation) is observed. Strength tests have shown that all tested textiles are resistant to both types of radiation. Three textiles were selected to create a three-layer assembly with potential application in a cosmonaut’s glove (Extravehicular Activity—EVA).     

预见性护理在非小细胞肺癌序贯放化疗患者中的应用价值研究

目的 探讨预见性护理在非小细胞肺癌序贯放化疗患者中的应用价值.方法 选取2015年4月至2016年3月本院住院治疗的未手术的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者68例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,即预见性护理组与常规护理组,每组34例,预见性护理组采用预见性护理,常规护理组采用常规护理.统计两组患者在序贯放化疗中常见的毒副反应方面的差异.结果 预见性护理组的胃肠道反应发生率为20.59％,骨髓抑制为32.35％,放射性食管炎为23.53％,放射性肺炎为38.24％,常规护理组则分别为64.71％、70.59％、73.53％、79.41％.预见性护理组的毒副反应发生率均明显低于常规护理组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 预见性护理能有效降低非小细胞肺癌序贯放化疗患者毒副反应的发生率,值得大力推广.     

中药强心化瘀方治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的观察强心化瘀方对慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法将106例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组（A组,应用强心化瘀方治疗,69例）和对照组（B组,应用西医综合治疗,37例）,比较两组总有效率、心功能改善状况、心力衰竭常见症状及体征改善率。结果 A组总有效率高于B组（94.20％ v s ．72.98％）（ P＜0．05）。治疗后,A组气短、心悸、疲劳乏力、咳嗽咳痰和紫绀的改善率均高于B组（91.30％ vs ．72.97％、81.03％ vs ．48.28％、65.57％ vs ．15.63％、77.14％ vs ．33.33％和75.56％ v s ．24.13％）（ P＜0．05）。治疗后,A组心功能Ⅰ级患者所占比例多于B组（ P＜0．05）。结论强心化瘀方治疗慢性心力衰竭疗效确切,较常规西药疗效好。     

Subtle effects of herbicide use in the context of genetically modified crops: a case study with glyphosate (Roundup)

Research on the effects of glyphosate and seed germination spans 30 years. Despite several studies reporting detrimental effects of the herbicide on seedling germination and growth, glyphosate is still being registered for use as a weed killer and preharvest desiccant. Its nonselective nature and low chance of species developing resistance has lead to the development of genetically modified crops tolerant to the herbicide which also raises concerns about increased reliance on herbicide use, and subtle ecological impact.This paper presents the result of a literature review on past studies mostly, on crop species, and the results of a new experiment performed with emphasis on noncrop species. The new experimental part attempted to determine whether glyphosate (Roundup®) would have an effect on the germination and growth of the F1 generation of seeds produced by plants sprayed with the herbicide. It was designed to mirror spray drift which might affect noncrop plants in nontarget drift zones. Of the 11 species tested using treatments of 0% (control), 1%, 10% or 100% of a 890 g a.i./ha label rate solution sprayed near seed maturity, seven showed a significant effect of the glyphosate treatment on germination and/or growth characteristics.Results of this experiment together with several previous studies reviewed in this paper suggest that there are significant effects to keep in mind when using herbicides such as glyphosate as severe ecological changes could occur.     

Novel Electromagnetic Characterization Methods for New Materials and Structures in Aerospace Platforms

The tendency over the last decades in the aerospace industry is to substitute classic metallic materials with new composite materials such as carbon fiber composites (CFC), fiber glass, etc., as well as adding electronic devices to ensure the safety and proper platform operation. Due to this, to protect the aircraft against the Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3), it is mandatory to develop accurate electromagnetic (EM) characterization measurement systems to analyze the behavior of new materials and electronic components. In this article, several measurement methods are described to assess the EM behavior of the samples under test: microstrip transmission line for a surface current analysis, free space to obtain intrinsic features of the materials and shielding effectiveness (SE) approaches to figure out how well they isolate from EM fields. The results presented in this work show how the different facilities from the National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA) are suitable for such purposes, being capable of measuring a wide variety of materials, depending on the type of test to be carried out.     

槲皮素对培养人视网膜色素上皮细胞增生及DNA合成的影响

目的研究槲皮素(quercetin, QUE)对培养人视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium, RPE)细胞增生和DNA合成以及对表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor, EGF)促RPE细胞增生和DNA合成作用的影响。方法用细胞计数和3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-thymidine, 3H-TdR)掺入方法,观察不同浓度(200、100、50、1μmol/L)的QUE和最大浓度的QUE(200μmol/L)在不同作用时间（24-168小时）,分别单独或与EGF共同作用时,对RPE细胞增生及DNA合成的影响,排除着色的死细胞,用活细胞计数法判断药物的细胞毒性作用。结果QUE 200μmol/L具有最强的抑制效应,48小时时抑制效应已明显出现,96小时时抑制达到高峰。与QUE单独作用相比,QUE对EGF的促RPE细胞增生效应能产生更强的抑制。QUE无细胞毒性作用,各实验组细胞活力均在85.00%以上。结论QUE以剂量依赖和时间依赖的方式抑制RPE细胞的增生,尤其是由EGF刺激的增生,并且对培养的RPE细胞无细胞毒作用。(中华眼底病杂志,1999,15:27-29)     

不同来源甘草药材成分含量及其保肝降酶作用比较

目的:研究不同来源甘草药材的成分含量及其保肝降酶作用.方法:采用HPLC同时测定甘草成分含量;用醋氨酚复制肝损伤模型,灌胃不同来源甘草的相同提取物,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和谷氨酸转氨酶(AST)活力.结果:不同来源甘草组的ALT,AST活力与模型组比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.01);S1与S8甘草组之间的ALT,AST活力没有显著性差异,保护率分别为97.9％,95.8％,98.1％,94％,但前者甘草酸、甘草苷、异甘草素的含量却明显高于后者,分别为2.219％,2.86％,0.023％和0.767％,0.557％,0.013％;S4和S6甘草的保肝能力最差,保护率分别为67.4％,65.6％和70.1％,64.5％,而甘草酸、甘草苷含量却明显高于其他产地三年栽培甘草.结论:不同来源甘草对肝损伤小鼠的肝功能都有不同程度的保护作用,并存在一定的质量差异,但与甘草酸、甘草苷的含量没有呈现正相关性,提示甘草保肝降酶作用可能是甘草药材中多种成分相互作用的结果.