盐酸安非他酮有关物质的HPLC测定

用HPLC测定盐酸安非他酮中有关物质和降解产物，与主药有较好的分离效果。色谱柱为HypersilC18，流动相0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钾（三乙胺调pH7.0)-甲醇（25：75），检测波长244nm。     

中药凝胶贴膏剂的研究进展及在产品开发中的应用

中药凝胶贴膏作为经皮给药系统的重要组成部分,一方面继承了中医药的传统理论,同时又结合现代制剂新工艺、新技术,在近年来发展迅速。与传统的黑膏剂、橡胶膏剂相比,中药凝胶贴膏采用水溶性高分子材料作为基质,具有保湿性能好,与皮肤相容性好,亦可反复贴敷等优势,越来越受到科研工作者的重视。同时中药凝胶贴膏也面临着基质配比不合理、制备工艺简陋、质量评价体系不完善等诸多问题。通过查阅近年来中药凝胶贴膏的相关文献,从发展现状、基质组成、制备工艺等方面进行综述,为中药凝胶贴膏的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

炮制前后山茱萸煎液、溶出层面的比较研究

从煎液、溶出层面对炮制前后山茱萸中活性成分进行比较研究。采用HPLC,中药煎出法,溶出度法对炮制前后山茱萸的活性成分马钱苷、莫诺苷的煎出率与溶出度特征进行比较研究。结果表明,炮制前后活性成分马钱苷、莫诺苷含量变化不明显;与生品相比,制品(煎液)中马钱苷的含量增高明显,而莫诺苷变化不明显;与生品相比,溶出度层面,在肠液中,制品(提取物)马钱苷的溶出度差别不明显,而莫诺苷溶出度增大、差别明显;在胃液中,制品马钱苷、莫诺苷的溶出度均减少、差别明显,但综合考虑临床上服用的煎药剂量,添加煎出率指标后,煎出溶出积=煎出率×溶出度,则在肠液与胃液中,制品的煎出溶出积指标均增大,差别非常明显,提示制品在临床应用方面优于生品。该文提出从煎液、溶出层面比较炮制前后活性成分变化和煎出溶出积指标,用于山茱萸炮制后的质量评价。     

人工养殖海产品鲜样中铅的荧光分光光度测定法

目的建立人工养殖海产品中铅的荧光分光光度快速测定方法。方法采用湿式消解法对中国对虾(养殖)、南美白对虾、梭鱼、矛尾刺虾虎鱼、四角蛤蜊、光滑兰蛤、密鳞牡蛎、中国对虾(野生)样品进行处理,采用浓盐酸作溶剂,荧光分光光度法直接检测铅含量,并与双硫腙光度法的测定结果进行比较。结果该方法的线性范围为0.10～2.50μg/ml,r=0.98983,检出限为0.0089μg/ml,回收率为91.88%～104.00%,RSD为1.96%～5.30%。与双硫腙分光光度法测得结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该方法具有操作简便,使用药剂少,灵敏度高,结果准确可靠,常见金属离子干扰小的特点,适用于海产品中铅含量的测定。     

Clearance of diazepam can be impaired by its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam

Summary The pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of diazepam 0.1 mg/kg was studied in 6 healthy volunteers, in random order under controlled conditions and following pretreatment with its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam (20 mg/day) for one week. In the two subjects with the highest plasma concentration of desmethyldiazepam (990 and 1100 ng/ml, respectively), total plasma clearance (Cl) of diazepam was reduced after desmethyldiazepam, by 31% and 54%, respectively. In three individuals there was a moderate decrease of 14% to 21%, and no effect was seen in one volunteer. Cl was significantly reduced (11.5±1.8 vs. 9.1±3.3 ml/min;p=0.015) and elimination half-life tended to be prolonged (38.5±10.4 vs. 65.8±67.1 h;p=0.15). It is concluded that high concentrations of desmethyldiazepam can influence the elimination of its parent drug diazepam by product inhibition.     

复方制剂的相关概念探讨

目的：梳理与复方制剂相关的概念,为完善中国复方制剂监管政策提供依据。方法：对2012年底前国内外与复方制剂有关的文献和指南,比较分析复方制剂相关概念的内涵。结果与结论：复方制剂相关的概念国外包括固定剂量复方制剂、多效药片／丸、组合药物、组合包装药品等,中国有复方制剂、复合药;在中国复合药是一个笼统称谓,其实质是西药复方制剂,并不是法定专有名称;国外的固定剂量复方制剂有明确的注册分类原则,而中国复方制剂则没有。     

Potential therapeutic effect of Allium cepa L. and quercetin in a murine model of Blomia tropicalis induced asthma

Background

Asthma is an inflammatory condition characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and chronic inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is an essential process to treat this condition. In this study we investigated the effect of Allium cepa L. extract (AcE) and quercetin (Qt) on cytokine and on smooth muscle contraction in vitro and its therapeutic potential in a murine model of asthma.

Methods

AcE was obtained by maceration of Allium cepa L. and it was standardized in terms of quercetin concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro, using AcE 10, 100 or 1000 μg/ml or Qt 3.5, 7.5, 15 μg/ml, we measured the concentration of cytokines in spleen cell culture supernatants, and the ability to relax tracheal smooth muscle from A/J mice. In vivo, Blomia tropicalis (BT)-sensitized A/J mice were treated with AcE 100, 1000 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg Qt. We measured cell influx in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in lungs, serum levels of Bt-specific IgE, cytokines levels in BAL, and lung histology.

Results

We observed a reduction in the production of inflammatory cytokines, a relaxation of tracheal rings, and a reduction in total number of cells in BAL and EPO in lungs by treatment with AcE or Qt.

Conclusion

AcE and Qt have potential as antiasthmatic drugs, as they possess both immunomodulatory and bronchodilatory properties.     

天然产物分离中高速逆流色谱溶剂体系的研究进展

根据溶剂体系的极性与分离的天然产物的关系,本文对高速逆流色谱中使用的溶剂系统进行了归纳总结,不仅对快速选择溶剂体系分离天然产物起到了一定的指导作用,而且为今后高速逆流色谱溶剂体系的研究提供了方便。     

醋酸铅对豚鼠耳蜗橄榄束传出神经毒性的研究

目的探讨醋酸铅对豚鼠内侧橄榄耳蜗传出神经的损害。方法 70只成年健康豚鼠随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组(10只)豚鼠腹腔注射生理盐水1ml,共7次。实验组又分为高铅组和低铅组(各30只),分别每天1次腹腔注射0.25%醋酸铅溶液40mg/kg和10mg/kg,连续一周,分别于停药后14、28天(各15只))进行血铅含量和畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)检测,检测完成后断头处死,行基底膜铺片染色。结果实验组醋酸铅染毒后,血清中铅含量迅速升高。对照组和低铅组耳蜗传出神经分布均匀,神经纤维连续,DPOAE出现了不同程度的对侧声抑制效应,低铅组14天和28天抑制幅度分别为3.06±1.19dB和2.86±1.33dB;高铅组14天后耳蜗传出神经纤维连续性中断,乙酰胆碱酯酶终末反应物减少,DPOAE对侧声抑制幅度下降为0.74±0.61dB;高铅组28天后传出神经损害最为显著,DPOAE未引出。结论铅可对豚鼠内侧橄榄耳蜗传出神经产生不可逆性的损害。     

小檗碱及其衍生物的研究进展

小檗碱是从中草药黄连等植物中提取分离得到的一类异喹啉类生物碱。近十年来，已经有2 000多篇国内外文献报道了小檗碱及其衍生物在治疗肿瘤、糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血脂、炎症、细菌和病毒感染、脑缺血性损伤、精神疾病、阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease)、骨质疏松等多方面的临床应用、药效机制以及该类化合物的构效关系等研究结果。这些结果表明小檗碱生理功能广泛，潜在的结构改造和开发应用价值很大，但还未见系统的回顾和综述。本文对这些文献进行了系统地分析整理，主要从临床应用与药效机制、分子药理、体内吸收代谢、构效关系四个方面来介绍小檗碱及其衍生物的研究进展，旨在为进一步深入开展以药效机制为基础的小檗碱结构改造和创新药物研究提供比较系统的信息。