Lipid Accumulation Product Index to Predict Metabolic Syndrome in People Living with HIV

Background:Dyslipidemia and central obesity are the main components of metabolic syndrome, which represent important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The lipid accumulation product (LAP) index has been shown in studies as an efficient marker of metabolic syndrome in general adult population and its applicability in HIV-infected population is not discussed. We aimed to assess the accuracy of the LAP index to identify metabolic syndrome in people living with HIV.Methods:It is a cross-sectional study with 141 HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy, conducted in a reference centre of infectious diseases in southeast Brazil. Evaluations included LAP index, anthropometric measurements and clinical and laboratorial variables. Metabolic syndrome was defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.Results:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our sample was 10.6%. A positive and significant correlation was found between the metabolic syndrome and LAP (r=0.401; P<0.01), metabolic syndrome and body mass index (r=0.361; P<0.01) and metabolic syndrome and waist circumference (r=0.427; P<0.01) in our sample. The analysis of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the best cut-off value for LAP index to define metabolic syndrome was 59.4 (sensitivity 80%, specificity 79% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.875. In female and male, analysis of the ROC curve revealed that the best cut-off value for LAP index to define metabolic syndrome was 56.3 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 82% and AUC of 0.929) and 52.0 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 74% and AUC of 0.838), respectively.Conclusion:Despite the low prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our sample, the ROC curves analyzes demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy as an additional screening tool of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF.     

淡水产品中副溶血性弧菌带染状况的调查研究

目的探查副溶血性弧菌在淡水产品中的带染、药敏和毒力情况,为建立副溶血性弧菌食物中毒预警系统提供数据基础。方法依据GB/T 4789.7-2003食品卫生微生物检验标准中有关副溶血性弧菌的检验进行,分离培养选用科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基和TCBS两种培养基,用API20E试剂条进行生化鉴定。结果在140份淡水产品中,副溶血性弧菌的检出率为41.4%;不同地理区域副溶血性弧菌的检出率不同,在15%~75%之间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分离菌株对环丙沙星、四环素、氯霉素和庆大霉素100%敏感,对链霉素的耐药率达到88.8%(71/80)。有19株菌株出现了多重耐药。结论建议政府加大对鱼饲料添加剂的管理,以防止耐药菌株的传播和扩散。分离菌株大多具有较强的毒力,存在引起食物中毒的可能性,提示在细菌性食物中毒的流行病学调查处理和实验室检验过程中,如食用了淡水产品,应考虑副溶血性弧菌的可能性。     

Interlaboratory Comparison as a Source of Information for the Product Evaluation Process. Case Study of Ceramic Tiles Adhesives

In this study, the results obtained by 19 laboratories participating in 2 editions of the interlaboratory comparison (ILC) determining 2 properties of ceramic tiles adhesives (CTAs), i.e., initial tensile adhesion strength and tensile adhesion strength after water immersion following EN 12004, were analyzed. The results show that participating laboratories maintain a constant quality of their work. The use of z-score analysis, under ISO 13528, allows for classifying 89.5% to 100% of laboratories as satisfactory, depending on the measurement’s kind and edition. The remaining laboratories are classified as questionable. The investigation of the predominant mode of failure of the CTA’s samples tested in the two editions shows significant differences. From the perspective of laboratories, the goal of the ILC has been achieved. From the standpoint of a manufacturer who evaluates a product’s properties when placing it on the market, the results indicate the necessity of a particular treatment of the product evaluation process because the variability of the obtained results is significant. It increases the possibility of the product failing to meet the assessment criteria verified by the construction market supervision authorities. The manufacturer must consider all possible variations in the risk analysis, including the ILC results, to improve the assessment process of CTAs.     

车前子酒炙工艺优选及其不同炮制品对比研究

[目的] 优选酒炙车前子的最佳炮制工艺,并对车前子生品、酒炙品、盐炙品进行对比研究。[方法] 以车前子中京尼平苷酸和毛蕊花糖苷的含量为考察指标,选择加酒量、闷润时间、炒制温度、炒制时间为考察因素,通过单因素实验优选车前子的最佳酒炙工艺。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-DAD）建立车前子水提液指纹图谱测定方法,通过指标成分含量、不同炮制品水提液的出膏率及指纹图谱相似度分析不同炮制品间的差异。[结果] 酒炙车前子的最佳炮制工艺为每100 g车前子加黄酒10 g,闷润60 min,150℃下炒制9 min。经盐炙和酒炙后,车前子中的京尼平苷酸和毛蕊花糖苷的含量均较生品显著增加,而两种炮制品并无统计学差异;在出膏率方面,盐炙和酒炙车前子的出膏率无明显差异,但均高于生车前子。高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱显示车前子生品、盐炙品和酒炙品具有很好的相似度。[结论] 优选出的车前子酒炙工艺稳定可行,并与盐车前子在成分上具有一致性,鉴于酒车前子已不再流通,在经典名方的开发研究中,可考虑用现行通用的盐车前子取代。     

论产品整体理念在医疗服务市场中的应用

运用现代营销学有关产品整体理论对医疗卫生服务产品进行5个层面的分析,建议医院管理者以此审视本医院的服务水平,将这一理论的5个层面有机地应用于日常管理活动,使医院在日益激烈的市场竞争中获得并保持优势地位。     

畸变产物耳声发射在职业性听力损伤的应用

目的分析畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)和纯音测听的关系,探讨DPOAE在职业性听力损伤的检测和诊断中的应用价值.方法对16例耳科正常人(对照组)和39例噪声环境工作者(实验组)进行纯音测听和DPOAE检测.其中实验组依纯音听力图的类型细分为听阈正常组,6kHz、4kHz、3kHz听力损失各组和2～0.5kHz听力损失组,比较各实验组和对照组的纯音听阈和DPOAE幅值.结果实验组中的纯音听阈正常组和对照组各频率听阈值比较,无显著差异(P＞0.05);不同的听力损失组在各自相应的频点均有显著下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).纯音听阈正常组和各听力损失组的DPOAE幅值在F1～F8八个频点均明显下降,与对照组比较,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).6kHz听力损失组DPOAE幅值在F7、F8频点下降最明显,4kHz听力损失组在F6、F7和F8三个频点DPOAE下降最为显著,3kHz听力损失组与4kHz听力损失组比较无明显变化,0.5～2kHz听力损失组则在F1～F8各频点DPOAE幅值下降均特别显著.结论DPOAE技术用于监测、评估和诊断职业性听力损失,具有独特的临床应用价值.     

The Technology of Using Liquid Glass Mixture Waste for Reducing the Harmful Environmental Impact

The spent liquid glass mixture, which is widely used in foundries as a binder after knocking out of moldings, contains pieces of different sizes and strengths, and there is a strong silicate film on the sand grains themselves. The proposed regeneration plants, which provide for the removal of the silicate film by scrubbing, have low productivity and lead to abrasion of the grains themselves. For this reason, the knocked-out mixture is taken to the dump. As a result of the study of the state of the spent liquid glass mixture in the dump, it was found that, in the spent mixture that had lain for 8–10 years, under prolonged exposure to atmospheric precipitation at plus and minus temperatures, part of the silicate film dissolves and almost all monolithic pieces are destroyed. Further use of hydraulic regeneration allows us to reduce the film thickness and thereby reduce the percentage of liquid glass from 5–5.5% to 0.8–1.2%. This made it possible to select the composition of the molding sand for an automatic line, using the AlpHaset-process, which consists of 22–29% of liquid glass mixture from a dump, 65–72% of liquid glass, 5.5% of liquid glass, and a hardener in the amount of 0.55%.     

Nutraceuticals for Dyslipidaemia and Glucometabolic Diseases: What the Guidelines Tell Us (and Do Not Tell,Yet)

Background: The use of nutraceutical products and functional foods in the cardiovascular and metabolic field is rising in several countries. Preparation and implementation of guidelines are pivotal for translating research-derived knowledge and evidence-based medicine to the clinical practice. Based on these considerations, the aim of this paper is to explore if and how nutraceutical products are discussed by the most recent international guidelines related to cardio-metabolic diseases (dyslipidaemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention). Some, but not all, guidelines for dyslipidaemia mention nutraceutical products as potential useful options for the treatment of mild dyslipidaemia, but also indicate the low level of evidence associated to their effects on hard endpoints (myocardial infarction, stroke, CVD-related death). In the most recent guidelines on obesity, it is mentioned that no safe and effective dietary supplement nor nutraceutical product is available for the management of weight loss in this condition, and more high-quality studies are necessary in this field. The examined guidelines for T2DM do not mention any specific nutraceutical approach to this disease, nor to milder forms, such as insulin resistance and pre-diabetes. Conclusions: The focus on nutraceutical products in the main international guidelines for cardio-metabolic disease management remains limited. Since robust scientific evidence is the background of useful and effective guidelines, the implementation of high-quality clinical research is strongly needed in the field of nutraceutical products for cardio-metabolic diseases.     

脂质蓄积指数、内脏脂肪指数对2型糖尿病患者一级亲属糖代谢的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者一级亲属中T2DM及葡萄糖调节受损(impaired glucose regulation, IGR)患者脂质蓄积指数(lipid accumulation product, LAP)、内脏脂肪指数(visceral fat index, VAI)的特征。方法 选取T2DM确诊患者(n=212)一级亲属共298例,依据葡萄糖代谢情况,将研究对象分为葡萄糖代谢正常(normal glucose tolerance, NGT)组(n=115)、IGR组(n=93)、T2DM组(n=90),并收集其临床资料。结果 3组性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3组年龄、身高、体重、体质量指数、腰围差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),NGT组年龄最小,T2DM组体重、腰围最大(均P<0.05)。NGT组、IGR组、T2DM组中心性肥胖发生率分别为52.17%、67.74%和78.88%,其中T2DM组肥胖率最高,T2DM组、IGR组的中心性肥胖率较NGT组高(均P<0.05)。3组LAP...     

Associations of Maternal Consumption of Dairy Products during Pregnancy with Perinatal Fatty Acids Profile in the EDEN Cohort Study

Maternal diet is the main source of fatty acids for developing offspring in-utero and in breastfed infants. Dairy products (DP) are important sources of fat in the European population diet. C15:0 and C17:0 fatty acids have been suggested as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption. This study’s aim is to describe the associations between maternal DP (milk included) consumption during pregnancy and C15:0, C17:0 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in perinatal biofluids. Study populations were composed of 1763, 1337 and 879 French mothers from the EDEN (“Étude des Déterminants pre- et post-natals de la santé de l’ENfant”) study, with data on maternal and cord red blood cells’ (RBC) membrane and colostrum, respectively. Associations were assessed using linear regression models adjusted for recruitment center, maternal age, healthy dietary pattern or fish consumption. Greater adherence to a ”cheese” consumption pattern was associated with lower linoleic acid level in colostrum and higher C15:0 and C17:0 levels but in a less consistent manner for C17:0 across biofluids. Greater adherence to “semi-skimmed milk, yogurt” and “reduced-fat DP” patterns was related to higher docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFA levels and lower n-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratio in maternal and cord RBC. Our results suggest that C15:0 could be a good biomarker of maternal dairy fat consumption in perinatal biofluids.