南充市自发性脑出血发病与气温的相关性及滞后效应

目的分析南充市自发性脑出血（sICH）发病与气温的相关性及滞后关系。 方法收集南充市全市范围内二级以上医院2014年1月至2018年12月收治的sICH患者病例资料及同期气温数据,利用Spearman等级相关法确定最佳温度指标,将其组建分布滞后非线性模型,评估其与sICH日发病风险的暴露-剂量反应关系,分层分析各温度节点在性别及年龄组别的滞后-剂量反应关系。 结果共收集sICH患者资料13 952例。Spearman相关性分析揭示sICH日发病人数与日均气温呈非线性负相关（r=-0.324,P<0.05）。分布滞后非线性模型分析结果表明极低温和低温当天sICH的相对危险度为1.68（1.35~2.08）及1.47（1.24~1.72）,危害效应最大,其随着滞后天数增加而减弱,极低温滞后1~2 d,低温持续滞后1~10 d。低龄组（18~60岁）在极低温、低温下滞后2 d,高龄组（>60岁）在极低温下滞后10 d,低温下滞后24 d。不同性别组在极低温、低温下滞后效应趋势一致,随滞后天数增加风险下降。 结论低温增加sICH发病风险,早期呈明显急性影响,且具有滞后效应,老年人对低温反应更加滞后。     

Application of optical character recognition with natural language processing for large-scale quality metric data extraction in colonoscopy reports

Background and AimsColonoscopy is commonly performed for colorectal cancer screening in the United States. Reports are often generated in a non-standardized format and are not always integrated into electronic health records. Thus, this information is not readily available for streamlining quality management, participating in endoscopy registries, or reporting of patient- and center-specific risk factors predictive of outcomes. We aim to demonstrate the use of a new hybrid approach using natural language processing of charts that have been elucidated with optical character recognition processing (OCR/NLP hybrid) to obtain relevant clinical information from scanned colonoscopy and pathology reports, a technology co-developed by Cleveland Clinic and eHealth Technologies (West Henrietta, NY, USA).MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. A randomly sampled list of outpatient screening colonoscopy procedures and pathology reports was selected. Desired variables were then collected. Two researchers first manually reviewed the reports for the desired variables. Then, the OCR/NLP algorithm was used to obtain the same variables from 3 electronic health records in use at our institution: Epic (Verona, Wisc, USA), ProVation (Minneapolis, Minn, USA) used for endoscopy reporting, and Sunquest PowerPath (Tucson, Ariz, USA) used for pathology reporting.ResultsCompared with manual data extraction, the accuracy of the hybrid OCR/NLP approach to detect polyps was 95.8%, adenomas 98.5%, sessile serrated polyps 99.3%, advanced adenomas 98%, inadequate bowel preparation 98.4%, and failed cecal intubation 99%. Comparison of the dataset collected via NLP alone with that collected using the hybrid OCR/NLP approach showed that the accuracy for almost all variables was >99%.ConclusionsOur study is the first to validate the use of a unique hybrid OCR/NLP technology to extract desired variables from scanned procedure and pathology reports contained in image format with an accuracy >95%.     

Defective Processing of Contextual Information May Be Involved in the Poor Performance of DBA/2 Mice in Spatial Tasks

These experiments examine the influence of context manipulations on radial maze performance in C57BL/6 (C57) and DBA/2 (DBA) mice. Animals from each strain were trained in two distinct contexts—poor cuing vs rich cuing—that were sucessively switched. The results first show that C57 performed better when trained under rich cuing conditions than under poor ones, whereas DBA performed poorly under both conditions. In addition, contextual manipulations were found to produce more drastic effects in C57 than in DBA mice. That is, C57 showed a strong performance decrement following each context shift, whereas DBA mice did not. In particular, the fact that DBA mice performed similarly under rich and poor cuing conditions and also reacted mildly—or did not react—to context shifts suggests a deficit in processing contextual information, which places important constraints on their capability to form spatial representations.     

地塞米松对成纤维细胞核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白增生的抑制作用

目的和方法：应用核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）染色结合图像分析技术,观察皮质类固醇激素地塞米松对体外培养的ＮＩＨ／３Ｔ３成纤维细胞ＡｇＮＯＲｓ增生的抑制作用。结果：（１）地塞米松对正常和不同因子刺激的成纤维细胞ＡｇＮＯＲｓ的增生均显示不同程度的抑制作用,其抑制强弱的顺序为：正常〉５－羟色胺〉ＩＬ－１和肝素;（２）地塞米松的抑制作用与其浓度密切相关,对正常５－羟色胺和肝素、ＩＬ－１刺激的成纤     

Sex differences in the acquisition of a radial maze task in the CD-1 mouse

The purpose of the present study was to investigate spatial processing performance in male and female CD-1 mice. A substantial literature supports the existence of significant sex differences in both human and rodent models of learning and memory. The nature of these differences is dependent upon the parameters of the task, species and strain of animal. In the present study, male and female CD-1 mice were trained for 3 days to perform a 4/8 spatial memory task in an eight-arm radial maze and then tested for a total of 5 days. On the final day of radial maze testing, male CD-1 mice committed marginally significantly fewer reference memory (RM) and significantly fewer working memory (WM) errors on the radial maze task than female CD-1 mice. In addition, female mice obtained significantly fewer rewards during the final two testing sessions. The present data provide the first evidence for sex differences in radial maze learning in the CD-1 mouse, a strain known for its estrogen insensitivity. Consistent with the majority of literature that supports sex differences in spatial processing in rodents, female CD-1 mice acquired significantly fewer rewards than male CD-1 mice during an eight-arm radial maze task.     

High Glass‐Transition Temperature Acrylate Polymers Derived from Biomasses,Syringaldehyde, and Vanillin

The contribution reports a unique type of lignin‐based (meth)acrylate polymers which are derived from syringaldehyde and vanillin and show high glass transition temperature (T_g). The four (meth)acrylate monomers undergo free radical polymerization and yield the corresponding polymers in high yield (>80 wt%). The obtained polymers display relatively higher thermostability. Especially, the polymers demonstrate remarkably high glass transition temperature (T_g), well exemplified by syringaldehyde‐derived polymers which show a T_g up to 180 °C. This type of polymers can be applied as novel high temperature‐resistant plastics and even heat‐resistant additives for other general polymers.

     

Temporal prediction modulates the evaluative processing of “good” action feedback: An electrophysiological study

The present study aimed to investigate whether or not the evaluative processing of action feedback can be modulated by temporal prediction. For this purpose, we examined the effects of the predictability of the timing of action feedback on an ERP effect that indexed the evaluative processing of action feedback, that is, an ERP effect that has been interpreted as a feedback‐related negativity (FRN) elicited by “bad” action feedback or a reward positivity (RewP) elicited by “good” action feedback. In two types of experimental blocks, the participants performed a gambling task in which they chose one of two cards and received an action feedback that indicated monetary gain or loss. In fixed blocks, the time interval between the participant's choice and the onset of the action feedback was fixed at 0, 500, or 1,000 ms in separate blocks; thus, the timing of action feedback was predictable. In mixed blocks, the time interval was randomly chosen from the same three intervals with equal probability; thus, the timing was less predictable. The results showed that the FRN/RewP was smaller in mixed than fixed blocks for the 0‐ms interval trial, whereas there was no difference between the two block types for the 500‐ms and 1,000‐ms interval trials. Interestingly, the smaller FRN/RewP was due to the modulation of gain ERPs rather than loss ERPs. These results suggest that temporal prediction can modulate the evaluative processing of action feedback, and particularly good feedback, such as that which indicates monetary gain.     

一种用于医学图像分割算法验证的模拟图像生成方法

目的 医学图像分割是计算机辅助诊断与治疗的基础技术,对各种自动分割算法性能的验证极为重要;但是临床图像无法直接提供“金标准”,亟需解决导致验证所需的测试数据难以量化评估的问题.方法 使用傅里叶描述子作为描述临床图像中待分割区域轮廓的函数,通过对傅里叶描述子的抽样生成新的轮廓,最后使用纹理匹配技术计算新图像中像素点的灰度值.结果 针对颅内出血的图像,以生成的模拟图像作为测试图像,对多阈值分割和水平集分割算法的精确性和准确性进行了定量的验证.结论 实验表明本方法能够快速地生成逼真的模拟医学图像,对分割算法的验证具有很强的实用性.     

On the Homogeneity of Metallocene Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers as Investigated by Multiple Fractionation Techniques

The chemical heterogeneity of ethylene–propylene copolymers by multiple fractionation techniques is addressed. Three metallocene copolymer samples with different ethylene contents, ranging from 30 to 50 mol% are analyzed using bulk methods to confirm their molecular heterogeneity. In a second step, the samples are fractionated by temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) to obtain fractions at 30, 60, 90, and 130 °C. These fractions are subsequently analyzed regarding their thermal and molecular properties. Differential scanning calorimetry, crystallization analysis fractionation, and high‐temperature high performance liquid chromatography (HT‐HPLC) results reveal that the TREF fractions collected at 130 °C are mainly due to polypropylene homopolymer, which is rather unexpected considering the high ethylene contents of the bulk samples. Most importantly, HT‐HPLC reveals a remarkably high chemical heterogeneity of the fractions and thus the bulk samples. Solution ¹³C NMR provides the comonomer contents and sequence distributions of the fractions. These indicate that the same TREF fractions from different samples have distinctively different chemical compositions.

     

Gross energy metabolism in mice under late onset, short term caloric restriction

Late onset, short-term moderate caloric restriction (CR) may have beneficial health effects. A 26% CR regime induced at 14 months of age for 70 days in male C57Bl/6 (ICRFa) mice resulted in a reduction in body mass of 17%. A decrease in daily energy expenditure was associated with decreased body mass in CR mice. There was no difference in total levels of physical activity between the CR and ad libitum (AL) groups; however, activity patterns were different. We developed a Bayesian model to dissect the impact of food anticipation activity (FAA) and feeding on physical activity. FAA was stronger in CR mice and remaining basal activity was higher in AL mice, but CR mice displayed larger diurnal variations as well as a phase shift in their diurnal activity. CR mice displayed lower body temperature, especially late during the dark phase. This was due to lower basal (activity-independent) temperature at all times of the day, coupled to a phase shift in the diurnal rhythm. The correlation between body temperature and physical activity was independent of feeding regimen and light/dark cycles. Reduction of body mass and basal temperature were major compensatory mechanisms to reduced food availability during late-onset, short-term CR.