CT的分叶征表现在肺内孤立结节影像诊断中的价值

目的探讨CT的分叶征表现在肺内孤立结节影像诊断的价值以及CT多平面重组（MPR）对此征检出的意义。方法观察病理证实的周围型小肺癌137例及良性肺内结节45例，将结节的边缘分为4型。对28例肺癌、22例良性结节行MPR，考察其显示分叶征的作用。引入可能性比值（likelihood ratios，LR）以量化良恶性病变在形态学上存在重叠的表现。结果Ⅰ型边缘结节对良性病变的特异性为83．3％（20／24），敏感性为44．4％（20／45）。Ⅳ型边缘结节对周围型小肺癌的特异性为97．6％（83／85），敏感性为60．7％（83／137）。表明Ⅰ型边缘是良性病变的特点；而Ⅳ型边缘是恶性病变的特征。Ⅳ型边缘的结节恶性病变在MPR重组图像上的检出率为64．3％（18／28），与横断面扫描差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论分叶征对肺内孤立结节的诊断有价值，MPR配合横断面薄层图像有助于提高该征的检出率。     

Non-invasive temperature imaging of muscles with magnetic resonance imaging using spin-echo sequences

The application of spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging sequences on non-invasive temperature imaging for temperature mapping of human limbs is investigated. In an in vitro expriment performed on a meat sample, the equilibrium magnetisation P and the spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ are calculated from the values for the repetition time TR and the signal intensities obtained by a spin-echo sequence at different tissue temperatures tures as measured by a fibre-optic probe. T₁ is linearly correlated to the tissue temperature, and P is linearly correlated to the reciprocal value of the absolute temperature. Both effects, taken together, lead to a non-linear dependency of the signal intensity on temperature. Therefore a TR leading to maximum temperature dependency of the signal intensity is calculated and used in the futher experiments. In the in vivo experiments, the lower legs of two volunteers are cooled from outside. Images are acquired with a spin-echo sequence (1.5T, TR=1200 ms, TE=10 ms). A rise in signal intensity in the muscle with falling skin temperature is observed, particularly in more peripheral muscle layers. This study shows that spin-echo sequences can be used to monitor temperature changes and temperature differences in living muscle tissue.     

Le traitement du signal en électromyographie: mise au point

Automatic analysis of electromyography (EMG) signals, first operated in 1950 with analogic machines, steeply expanded from 1980 when fast computers and worthwhile programs became available. On-line measurement of response area and latency, averaging of low amplitude waves, fast sorting of motor unit potential shape parameters, computation of the “jitter” between two muscle fibers, turns/amplitude and spectral analysis of interferential pattern records, are some examples of programs currently offered in modern EMG machines. Other techniques are still reserved for research purposes: scanning EMG, decomposition of nerve and muscle compound potentials, measurement of the threshold and firing rate of motor units, trace analysis using tracking models. Finally, the credit for artificial intelligence systems (knowledge based systems, fuzzy logic, neuronal networks) is still not clearly stated.     

甲基强的松龙对低温保存大鼠肝脏的保护作用

应用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠肝脏离体灌流模型，用ＣＭＵ—１号液，含有甲基强的松龙的ＣＭＵ—１号液，以及缺血前预用甲基强的松龙后再用ＣＭＵ—１号液分别对肝脏进行灌洗保存。检测ＬＤＨ、ＡＬＴ、肝组织匀浆ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量，并观察肝组织结构。结果表明：甲基强的松龙对低温保存的离体大鼠肝脏具有保护作用     

Regulation of local sweating in sleep-deprived exercising humans

Summary Thermoregulatory sweating [total body (m _sw,b), chest (m _sw,c) and thigh (m _sw,t) sweating], body temperatures [oesophageal (T _oes) and mean skin temperature (T _sk)] and heart rate were investigated in five sleep-deprived subjects (kept awake for 27 h) while exercising on a cycle (45 min at approximately 50% maximal oxygen consumption) in moderate heat (T _air andT _wall at 35° C. Them _sw,c andm _sw,t were measured under local thermal clamp (T _sk,1), set at 35.5° C. After sleep deprivation, neither the levels of body temperatures (T _oes,T _sk) nor the levels ofm _{sw, b},m _{sw, c} orm _{sw, t} differed from control at rest or during exercise steady state. During the transient phase of exercise (whenT _sk andT _sk,1 were unvarying), them _{sw, c} andm _{sw, t} changes were positively correlated with those ofT _oes. The slopes of them _{sw, c} versusT _oes, orm _{sw, t} versusT _oes relationships remained unchanged between control and sleep-loss experiments. Thus the slopes of the local sweating versusT _oes, relationships (m _{sw, c} andm _{sw, t} sweating data pooled which reached 1.05 (SEM 0.14) mg·cm^–2·min^–1°C^–1 and 1.14 (SEM 0.18) mg·cm^–2·min^–1·°C^–1 before and after sleep deprivation) respectively did not differ. However, in our experiment, sleep deprivation significantly increased theT _oes threshold for the onset of bothm _{sw, c} andm _{sw, t} (+0.3° C,P<0.001). From our investigations it would seem that the delayed core temperature for sweating onset in sleep-deprived humans, while exercising moderately in the heat, is likely to have been due to alterations occurring at the central level.     

Digital movement analysis,a new objective method of measuring tardive dyskinesia and drug-induced parkinsonian tremor: acceptability,reliability and validity

Digital movment analysis (DMA) is a new instrumental approach to assessing oral tardive dyskinesia (TD) by means of digital image processing of a video signal, tracking five paper dots placed around the patient's mouth. A total of 40 schizophrenic patients, 30 with and 10 without TD, were examined twice (with a 3-month interval) with this new device. The patients were further examined with two TD rating scales: the St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes (SHRS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).The schizophrenic patients accepted the instrumental assessment without any anxiety or resistance. The internal relibility of the apparatus was high, with correlation coefficients of 0.80–0.99. The DMA TD values correlated with the SHRS and AIMS scores with correlation coefficients of 0.48–0.73 indicating an acceptable, although not strong, concurrent validity. Fluctuations occurred from the first to the second examination independent of medication. For these fluctuations no correlation was found between DMA values and rating scores. Finally, the DMA device was able to detect perioral tremor as a sign of parkinsonism.It has been concluded that DMA is a useful supplement to classical TD rating, although further validity evaluation is warranted.     

Toe temperature versus transcutaneous oxygen tension monitoring during acute circulatory failure

Measurements of toe temperature and transcutaneous PO₂ (P_tcO₂) have been both suggested for non-invasive assessment of peripheral blood flow in acute circulatory failure. The underlying principle of the two methods is that cutaneous vasoconstriction occurs early when tissue perfusion is altered. In 15 patients, we compared the two measurements during cardiogenic shock (27 measurements) or septic shock (29 measurements). Toe-ambiant temperature gradient and P_tcO₂ correlated well together (r=0.66, p(0.001) especially in hyperkinetic septic shock (r=0.79, p(0.001). In cardiogenic shock, toe-ambiant temperature correlated well with cardiac index (r=0.63), stroke index (r=0.64) and oxygen transport (r=0.65), and these correlations were stronger than for P_tcO₂. In septic shock, both techniques were poor indicators of blood flow indexes but P_tcO₂ rather correlated with arterial pressure (r=0.66) and left ventricular work (r=0.66). Trend evaluation of data revealed in cardiogenic shock that the increase in toe temperature usually preceded the increase in P_tcO₂. Since measurement of P_tcO₂ is technically more complicated, correlates less well with standard hemodynamic parameters and later reflects cardiovascular improvement, it has no advantage over measurement of toe temperature in circulatory shock. In cardiogenic shock, measurements of toe temperature can reliably track cardiac output changes. In septic states, however, non-invasive assessment of skin perfusion is of limited interest.     

发音状态下口周软组织移动量的测量

目的引入动态的图象测里概念，进行口周软组织移动量的测量。方洁利用已开发的计算机图象处理系统．对三种测定条件下口腔周围软组织的移动量进行测量研究。结果（1）发／mo／时，口唇突出，上唇的测定点向上内前方．下唇的测定点向下内前方动作，因此．唇上三角形面积变化的大小依次为M3相似文献   

家禽加工流水线作业工人颈肩腕疾患的调查

对１４９名家禽加工厂作业女工的颈肩腕疾患进行了调查。结果表明：观察组职业性颈肩腕疾患ＯＣＤ，（肩周炎、尺管综合征、腕管综合征、腱鞘炎、肱骨内外髁炎）的总发生率为３９．６０％，与对照组相比差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），其发生率与工龄、年龄及工种别有关。我们认为ＯＣＤ发生的职业危险因素主要是上肢反复用力活动、静力作业、不合理的操作姿势，而且低温、高温的作业环境对ＯＣＤ的发生也起到一定的促进作用。